Effects of meal timing on postprandial glucose metabolism and blood metabolites in healthy adults
Open accessAbstract
We examined the effects of meal timing on postprandial glucose metabolism, including the incretin response and metabolites in healthy adults. Nineteen healthy young men completed two trials involving blood collection in a fasting state and at 30, 60 and 120 min after meal provision in a random order: (1) morning (~0900 h) and (2) evening (~1700 h). The blood metabolome of eight participants was analyzed using capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Postprandial glucose concentrations at 120 min (p = 0.030) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide concentrations (p = 0.005) at 60 min in the evening trials were higher than those in the morning trials. The incremental area under the curve values of five glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle and nucleotide-related metabolites and 18 amino acid-related metabolites were higher in the morning trials than those in the evening trials (p < 0.05). Partial least-squares analysis revealed that the total metabolic change was higher in the morning. Our study demonstrates that a meal in the evening exacerbates the state of postprandial hyperglycemia in healthy adults. In addition, this study provides insight into the difference of incretion and blood metabolites between breakfast and dinner, indicating that the total metabolic responses tends to be higher in the morning.
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Medical research suggests that the effects of the postprandial dip peak approximately thirty to sixty minutes after meals.
“Medical research suggests that the effects of the postprandial dip peak approximately thirty to sixty minutes after meals (Alleman Jr and Bloomer, 2011; Takahashi et al., 2018).”
From Food Coma is Real: The Effect of Digestive Fatigue on Adolescents' Cognitive Performance (2024) · cites this paper as Takahashi et al., 2018
The Abstract describes blood measurements at 30, 60, and 120 minutes after meals, while the Discussion addresses glucose and incretin responses. Neither section says that a postprandial dip peaks 30–60 minutes after a meal; searches for the dip and for related sleepiness or alertness found no such passage. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Takahashi, M., Ozaki, M., Kang, M.-I., Sasaki, H., Fukazawa, M., Iwakami, T., Lim, P. J., Kim, H.-K., Aoyama, S., & Shibata, S.
- Affiliations
- Waseda University (JP)
- Human Metabolome Technologies, Inc. (Japan) (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Takahashi, Masaki
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2018-11-14
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1763
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6266071
- OpenAlex
- W2901042565
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 4.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- KAKENHI Grant (26220201)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- meal timing, postprandial glucose metabolism, postprandial hyperglycemia, incretin response, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, blood metabolome, glycolysis metabolites, tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites, amino acid metabolites, circadian rhythm, healthy young men
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide, Glucose, Humans, Insulin, Male, Cross-Over Studies, Postprandial Period, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, Young Adult, Meals
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