Diurnal Rhythms in Blood Cell Populations and the Effect of Acute Sleep Deprivation in Healthy Young Men
Open accessAbstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES: The sleep/wake cycle is accompanied by changes in circulating numbers of immune cells. The goal of this study was to provide an in-depth characterization of diurnal rhythms in different blood cell populations and to investigate the effect of acute sleep deprivation on the immune system, as an indicator of the body's acute stress response. DESIGN: Observational within-subject design. SETTING: Home environment and Clinical Research Centre. PARTICIPANTS: 15 healthy male participants aged 23.7 ± 5.4 (standard deviation) yr. INTERVENTIONS: Total sleep deprivation. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Diurnal rhythms of several blood cell populations were assessed under a normal sleep/wake cycle followed by 29 hr of extended wakefulness. The effect of condition (sleep versus sleep deprivation) on peak time and amplitude was investigated. Interindividual variation of, and the level of correlation between, the different cell populations was assessed. Comprehensive nonlinear curve fitting showed significant diurnal rhythms for all blood cell types investigated, with CD4 (naïve) cells exhibiting the most robust rhythms independent of condition. For those participants exhibiting significant diurnal rhythms in blood cell populations, only the amplitude of the granulocyte rhythm was significantly reduced by sleep deprivation. Granulocytes were the most diverse population, being most strongly affected by condition, and showed the lowest correlations with any other given cell type while exhibiting the largest interindividual variation in abundance. CONCLUSIONS: Granulocyte levels and diurnal rhythmicity are directly affected by acute sleep deprivation; these changes mirror the body's immediate immune response upon exposure to stress.
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Other human studies failed to detect a reduction in total leukocyte count with sleep compared with sleep deprivation or restriction.
“Other studies failed to detect this reduction (3, 103, 122, 224, 234, 254, 469, 580).”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [3]
Circadian rhythms have been observed in numerous laboratory tests including hormones and various analytes such as leukocytes, electrolytes, trace elements, and glucose.
“Circadian rhythms have been observed in numerous laboratory tests including hormones [ 71 ] and various analytes such as leukocytes [ 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 ], electrolytes [ 76 ], trace elements [ 77 , 78 ], glucose [ 79 ], etc.”
From Physiological Rhythms and Biological Variation of Biomolecules: The Road to Personalized Laboratory Medicine (2023) · cites this paper as [74]
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- Authors
- Ackermann, K., Revell, V. L., Lao, O., Rombouts, E. J., Skene, D. J., & Kayser, M.
- Affiliations
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- University of Surrey (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Ackermann, Katrin
- Venue
- Sleep
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2012-07
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 933-940
- ISSN
- 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9109
- PMC
- PMC3369228
- OpenAlex
- W2030197272
- Cited by
- 129
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 12.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- SLEEP (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion)
- Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/I019405/1)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- diurnal cycle, circadian rhythm, acute sleep deprivation, immune system, granulocytes, naive CD4+ T cells, stress response, extended wakefulness, interindividual variability
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Circadian Rhythm, Flow Cytometry, Granulocytes, Humans, Leukocyte Count, Leukocytes, Male, Sleep Deprivation, Lymphocyte Count, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Young Adult
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