Pattern Transformation of Heat-Shrinkable Polymer by Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing Technique
Open accessAbstract
A significant challenge in conventional heat-shrinkable polymers is to produce controllable microstructures. Here we report that the polymer material fabricated by three-dimensional (3D) printing technique has a heat-shrinkable property, whose initial microstructure can undergo a spontaneous pattern transformation under heating. The underlying mechanism is revealed by evaluating internal strain of the printed polymer from its fabricating process. It is shown that a uniform internal strain is stored in the polymer during the printing process and can be released when heated above its glass transition temperature. Furthermore, the internal strain can be used to trigger the pattern transformation of the heat-shrinkable polymer in a controllable way. Our work provides insightful ideas to understand a novel mechanism on the heat-shrinkable effect of printed material, but also to present a simple approach to fabricate heat-shrinkable polymer with a controllable thermo-structural response.
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The thermoviscoelastic approach has been applied to soft robotics and actuators, focusing on direct 4D printing, single-material structures, and composite structures.
“The thermoviscoelastic approach has been applied to soft robotics and actuators, e.g., focusing on direct 4D printing [211], single-material structures [215],and composite structures [208,252].”
From Two-Way and Multiple-Way Shape Memory Polymers for Soft Robotics: An Overview (2020) · cites this paper as [215]
The citation is attached to “composite structures,” but the Methods (no page number available) identify PLA filament as the material used for the printed structures, not a composite. The Results describe a viscoelastic model for heated PLA strips, rather than an application to composite soft-robotic actuators. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredHeating the polymer above its transition temperature can release the internal strain energy imparted in the polymer during the extrusion-based 3D printing process.
“In fact, heating the polymer above its transition temperature can release the internal strain energy that is imparted in the polymer during the extrusion-based 3D printing process.”
From Two-Way and Multiple-Way Shape Memory Polymers for Soft Robotics: An Overview (2020) · cites this paper as [215]
Zhang et al. exploited heat-shrinkable properties of PLA SMPs to activate shape changing without a shape programming step.
“Zhang et al. [215] exploited heat-shrinkable properties of polylactic acid (PLA) SMPs to activate shape changing without a shape programming step.”
From Two-Way and Multiple-Way Shape Memory Polymers for Soft Robotics: An Overview (2020) · cites this paper as [215]
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- Authors
- Zhang, Q., Yan, D., Zhang, K., & Hu, G.
- Affiliations
- Beijing Institute of Technology (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zhang, Kai
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2015-03-11
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 8936-8936
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4355736
- OpenAlex
- W2058619241
- Cited by
- 188
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 17.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (11202025, 11290153)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Advanced Materials and Mechanics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer composites and self-healing
- Keywords
- 3D printing, pattern transformation, internal strain, strain release, glass transition temperature, microstructure control
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