Sex differences in DNA methylation of the cord blood are related to sex-bias psychiatric diseases
Open accessAbstract
Sex differences in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders are well documented, with exposure to stress during gestation differentially impacting females and males. We explored sex-specific DNA methylation in the cord blood of 39 females and 32 males born at term and with appropriate weight at birth regarding their potential connection to psychiatric outcomes. Mothers were interviewed to gather information about environmental factors (gestational exposure) that could interfere with the methylation profiles in the newborns. Bisulphite converted DNA was hybridized to Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChips. Excluding XYS probes, there were 2,332 differentially methylated CpG sites (DMSs) between sexes, which were enriched within brain modules of co-methylated CpGs during brain development and also differentially methylated in the brains of boys and girls. Genes associated with the DMSs were enriched for neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly for CpG sites found differentially methylated in brain tissue between patients with schizophrenia and controls. Moreover, the DMS had an overlap of 890 (38%) CpG sites with a cohort submitted to toxic exposition during gestation. This study supports the evidences that sex differences in DNA methylation of autosomes act as a primary driver of sex differences that are found in psychiatric outcomes.
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X inactivation escape, in addition to epigenetic effects on genes on all chromosomes, results in sex/gender differences in the rates of many medical conditions.
“This process, in addition to epigenetic effects on genes on all chromosomes (50, 51), results in sex/gender differences in the rates of many medical conditions.”
From Where Sex Meets Gender: How Sex and Gender Come Together to Cause Sex Differences in Mental Illness (2022) · cites this paper as [51]
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports sex-related differences in methylation across all 22 autosomes and suggests that sex chromosomes contribute to those differences. It says these differences might contribute to sex-biased psychiatric vulnerability; it does not establish that X-inactivation escape and epigenetic effects cause different rates of many medical conditions. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Maschietto, M., Bastos, L. C., Tahira, A. C., Bastos, E. P., Euclydes, V. L. V., Brentani, A., Fink, G., de Baumont, A., Felipe-Silva, A., Francisco, R. P. V., Gouveia, G., Grisi, S. J. F. E., Escobar, A. M. U., Moreira-Filho, C. A., Polanczyk, G. V., Miguel, E. C., & Brentani, H.
- Affiliations
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (BR)
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- Harvard University (US)
- Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Brentani, Helena
- ORCID
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2017-03-17
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 44547-44547
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5355991
- OpenAlex
- W2596677497
- Cited by
- 78
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 2.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Yale University
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (12/19472-7, 2015/06281-7, 08/57896-8, 2015/, 573974/2008‐0)
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (573974/2008, 2008/57896-8, 573974/2008–0)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Syndromes and Imprinting
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Keywords
- sex differences, DNA methylation, umbilical cord blood, prenatal stress, mental illness, schizophrenia, neurodevelopmental disorders, differentially methylated CpG sites, brain development, epigenetics
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Mental Disorders, Female, Fetal Blood, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Male, Schizophrenia, Sex Characteristics, CpG Islands, DNA Methylation, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Sexism
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