Cited by 490Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicalsEpigenetics and DNA MethylationSexual Differentiation and Disorders

Sex-specific epigenetic disruption and behavioral changes following low-dose in utero bisphenol A exposure

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Kundakovic, Marija, Gudsnuk, Kathryn, Franks, Becca, Madrid, Jesus, Miller, Rachel L., Perera, Frederica P., Champagne, Frances A.·2013·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an estrogenic endocrine disruptor widely used in the production of plastics. Increasing evidence indicates that in utero BPA exposure affects sexual differentiation and behavior; however, the mechanisms underlying these effects are unknown. We hypothesized that BPA may disrupt epigenetic programming of gene expression in the brain. Here, we provide evidence that maternal exposure during pregnancy to environmentally relevant doses of BPA (2, 20, and 200 µg/kg/d) in mice induces sex-specific, dose-dependent (linear and curvilinear), and brain region-specific changes in expression of genes encoding estrogen receptors (ERs; ERα and ERβ) and estrogen-related receptor-γ in juvenile offspring. Concomitantly, BPA altered mRNA levels of epigenetic regulators DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 1 and DNMT3A in the juvenile cortex and hypothalamus, paralleling changes in estrogen-related receptors. Importantly, changes in ERα and DNMT expression in the cortex (males) and hypothalamus (females) were associated with DNA methylation changes in the ERα gene. BPA exposure induced persistent, largely sex-specific effects on social and anxiety-like behavior, leading to disruption of sexually dimorphic behaviors. Although postnatal maternal care was altered in mothers treated with BPA during pregnancy, the effects of in utero BPA were not found to be mediated by maternal care. However, our data suggest that increased maternal care may partially attenuate the effects of in utero BPA on DNA methylation. Overall, we demonstrate that low-dose prenatal BPA exposure induces lasting epigenetic disruption in the brain that possibly underlie enduring effects of BPA on brain function and behavior, especially regarding sexually dimorphic phenotypes.

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  1. Khurana S, Ranmal S, Ben-Jonathan N (2000) Exposure of newborn male and female rats to environmental estrogens: Delayed and sustained hyperprolactinemia and al- terations in estrogen receptor expression. Endocrinology 141(12):4512-4517.
  2. Ogawa S, et al. (1998) Roles of estrogen receptor-alpha gene expression in reproduction- related behaviors in female mice. Endocrinology 139(12):5070-5081.

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Authors
Kundakovic, M., Gudsnuk, K., Franks, B., Madrid, J., Miller, R. L., Perera, F. P., & Champagne, F. A.
Affiliations
  • Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027; and
  • Columbia University (US)
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Published
2013-05-28
Volume
110
Issue
24
Pages
9956-9961
ISSN
  • 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
  • 1091-6490
OpenAlex
W1968179768
Cited by
490
References
52
Citations by year
2026: 16 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 15
FWCI
38.96
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  • Blanchette Hooker Rockefeller Fund
  • National Institutes of Health (1dp2od001674-01)
  • National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (5 P01 ES09600, P01ES009600)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
Keywords
bisphenol A, prenatal exposure, endocrine disruptors, DNA methylation, epigenetic programming, sex differences, estrogen receptor alpha, estrogen receptor beta, estrogen-related receptor gamma, DNMT1, DNMT3A, hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, social behavior, anxiety-like behavior, maternal care
MeSH terms
DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1, DNA Methyltransferase 3A, Bisphenol A Compounds, Animals, Base Sequence, Benzhydryl Compounds, Cerebral Cortex, DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Estrogens, Non-Steroidal, Female, Hypothalamus, Male, Maternal Behavior, Molecular Sequence Data, Phenols, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Sex Factors, Social Behavior, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, DNA Methylation, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Estrogen Receptor alpha, Estrogen Receptor beta, Mice, Endocrine Disruptors

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