Why is the amyloid beta peptide of Alzheimer’s disease neurotoxic?
Abstract
In this article, we support the case that the neurotoxic agent in Alzheimer's disease is a soluble aggregated form of the amyloid beta peptide (Abeta), probably complexed with divalent copper. The structure and chemical properties of the monomeric peptide and its Cu(ii) complex are discussed, as well as what little is known about the oligomeric species. Abeta oligomers are neurotoxic by a variety of mechanisms. They adhere to plasma and intracellular membranes and cause lesions by a combination of radical-initiated lipid peroxidation and formation of ion-permeable pores. In endothelial cells this damage leads to loss of integrity of the blood-brain barrier and loss of blood flow to the brain. At synapses, the oligomers close neuronal insulin receptors, mirroring the effects of Type II diabetes. In intracellular membranes, the most damaging effect is loss of calcium homeostasis. The oligomers also bind to a variety of substances, mostly with deleterious effects. Binding to cholesterol is accompanied by its oxidation to products that are themselves neurotoxic. Possibly most damaging is the binding to tau, and to several kinases, that results in the hyperphosphorylation of the tau and abrogation of its microtubule-supporting role in maintaining axon structure, leading to diseased synapses and ultimately the death of neurons. Several strategies are presented and discussed for the development of compounds that prevent the oligomerization of Abeta into the neurotoxic species.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Aβ-induced toxicity is caused by abnormal mitochondrial activity, synaptic transmission, and axonal transport, as Aβ disrupts membranes and generates oxidative stress.
“Aβ induced toxicity is caused due to abnormal mitochondrial activity, synaptic transmission, and axonal transport as Aβ causes disruption of membranes and the generation of oxidative stress (Rauk, 2008).”
From Alpha-terpinyl acetate: A natural monoterpenoid from Elettaria cardamomum as multi-target directed ligand in Alzheimer’s disease (2020) · cites this paper as Rauk, 2008
Cites
1 retracted
RETRACTED ARTICLE: A specific amyloid-β protein assembly in the brain impairs memory
Lesné, S., Koh, M. T., Kotilinek, L., Kayed, R., Glabe, C. G., Yang, A., Gallagher, M., & Ashe, K. H. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04533 · Cited by 2,769 · see citing works
RetractedThe Amyloid Hypothesis of Alzheimer’s Disease: Progress and Problems on the Road to Therapeutics
Hardy, J., & Selkoe, D. J. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1072994 · Cited by 13,864 · see citing works
Glenner, G. G., & Wong, C. W. (1984) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/s0006-291x(84)80190-4 · Cited by 5,404 · see citing works
Terry, R. D., Masliah, E., Salmon, D. P., Butters, N., DeTeresa, R., Hill, R., Hansen, L. A., & Katzman, R. (1991) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410300410 · Cited by 4,397 · see citing works
Common structure of soluble amyloid oligomers implies common mechanism of pathogenesis
Kayed, R., Head, E., Thompson, J. L., McIntire, T. M., Milton, S. C., Cotman, C. W., & Glabe, C. G. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1079469 · Cited by 4,064 · see citing works
Lambert, M. P., Barlow, A. K., Chromy, B. A., Edwards, C., Freed, R., Liosatos, M., Morgan, T. E., Rozovsky, I., Trommer, B., Viola, K. L., et al. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.11.6448 · Cited by 3,506 · see citing works
Copper, iron and zinc in Alzheimer's disease senile plaques
Lovell, M. A., Robertson, J. D., Teesdale, W. J., Campbell, J. L., & Markesbery, W. R. (1998) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0022-510x(98)00092-6 · Cited by 2,120 · see citing works
Jarrett, J. T., Berger, E. P., & Lansbury, P. T. (1993) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00069a001 · Cited by 2,022 · see citing works
3D structure of Alzheimer's amyloid-β(1–42) fibrils
Lührs, T., Ritter, C., Adrian, M., Riek-Loher, D., Bohrmann, B., Döbeli, H., Schubert, D. A., & Riek, R. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0506723102 · Cited by 2,001 · see citing works
Intracellular amyloid-β in Alzheimer's disease
LaFerla, F. M., Green, K. N., & Oddo, S. (2007) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2168 · Cited by 1,942 · see citing works
Gaggelli, E., Kozlowski, H., Valensin, D., & Valensin, G. (2006) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr040410w · Cited by 1,729 · see citing works
Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome: Sharing of a unique cerebrovascular amyloid fibril protein
Glenner, G. G., & Wong, C. W. (1984) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/0006-291x(84)91209-9 · Cited by 1,693 · see citing works
RAGE mediates amyloid-β peptide transport across the blood-brain barrier and accumulation in brain
Deane, R., Du Yan, S., Submamaryan, R. K., LaRue, B., Jovanovic, S., Hogg, E., Welch, D., Manness, L., Lin, C., Yu, J., et al. (2003) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm890 · Cited by 1,426 · see citing works
ABAD Directly Links Aß to Mitochondrial Toxicity in Alzheimer's Disease
Lustbader, J. W., Cirilli, M., Lin, C., Xu, H. W., Takuma, K., Wang, N., Caspersen, C., Chen, X., Pollak, S., Chaney, M., et al. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1091230 · Cited by 1,303 · see citing works
Amyloid pores from pathogenic mutations
Lashuel, H. A., Hartley, D. M., Petre, B. M., Walz, T., & Lansbury, P. T. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/418291a · Cited by 1,291 · see citing works
Huang, X., Atwood, C., Hartshorn, M. A., Multhaup, G., Goldstein, L. E., Scarpa, R. C., Cuajungco, M. P., Gray, D. N., Lim, J. T., Moir, R. D., et al. (1999) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi990438f · Cited by 1,107 · see citing works
Experimental Constraints on Quaternary Structure in Alzheimer's β-Amyloid Fibrils
Petkova, A. T., Yau, W., & Tycko, R. (2005) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi051952q · Cited by 1,044 · see citing works
Demuro, A., Mina, E. W., Kayed, R., Milton, S. C. F., Parker, I., & Glabe, C. G. (2005) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m500997200 · Cited by 1,038 · see citing works
Butterfield, D. A., & Lauderback, C. M. (2002) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(02)00794-3 · Cited by 999 · see citing works
Targeting small Aβ oligomers: the solution to an Alzheimer's disease conundrum?
Klein, W. (2001) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01749-5 · Cited by 989 · see citing works
Hartley, D. M., Walsh, D. M., Ye, C., Diehl, T. S., Vasquez, S., Vassilev, P., Teplow, D. B., & Selkoe, D. J. (1999) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-20-08876.1999 · Cited by 965 · see citing works
Arrest of -Amyloid Fibril Formation by a Pentapeptide Ligand
Tjernberg, L. O., Näslund, J., Lindqvist, F., Johansson, J., Karlström, A. R., Thyberg, J., Terenius, L., & Nordstedt, C. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.15.8545 · Cited by 963 · see citing works
Mahley, R. W., Weisgraber, K. H., & Huang, Y. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0600549103 · Cited by 912 · see citing works
Opposing activities protect against age-onset proteotoxicity
Cohen, E., Bieschke, J., Perciavalle, R. M., Kelly, J. W., & Dillin, A. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1124646 · Cited by 843 · see citing works
Oxidative Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease
Markesbery, W. R., & Carney, J. M. (1999) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.1999.tb00215.x · Cited by 789 · see citing works
Cu(II) Potentiation of Alzheimer Aβ Neurotoxicity
Huang, X., Cuajungco, M. P., Atwood, C. S., Hartshorn, M. A., Tyndall, J. D. A., Hanson, G. R., Stokes, K. C., Leopold, M., Multhaup, G., Goldstein, L. E., et al. (1999) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.274.52.37111 · Cited by 762 · see citing works
Amyloid diseases: Abnormal protein aggregation in neurodegeneration
Koo, E. H., Lansbury, P. T., & Kelly, J. W. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.18.9989 · Cited by 686 · see citing works
Curtain, C. C., Ali, F. E. A., Volitakis, I., Cherny, R. A., Norton, R. S., Beyreuther, K. T., Barrow, C. J., Masters, C. L., Bush, A. I., & Barnham, K. J. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m100175200 · Cited by 653 · see citing works
Atwood, C. S., Scarpa, R. C., Huang, X., Moir, R. D., Jones, W. D., Fairlie, D. P., Tanzi, R. E., & Bush, A. I. (2000) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0751219.x · Cited by 641 · see citing works
Amyloid β protein forms ion channels: implications for Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology
LIN, H., Bhatia, R., & Lal, R. (2001) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.01-0377com · Cited by 641 · see citing works
Amyloid beta oligomers induce impairment of neuronal insulin receptors
Zhao, W., De Felice, F. G., Fernandez, S., Chen, H., Lambert, M. P., Quon, M. J., Krafft, G. A., & Klein, W. L. (2008) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.06-7703com · Cited by 587 · see citing works
Kirkitadze, M. D., Bitan, G., & Teplow, D. B. (2002) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.10328 · Cited by 582 · see citing works
Isoform-specific binding of apolipoprotein E to beta-amyloid.
LaDu, M. J., Falduto, M. T., Manelli, A. M., Reardon, C. A., Getz, G. S., & Frail, D. E. (1994) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)31529-6 · Cited by 540 · see citing works
Coles, M. P., Bicknell, W., Watson, A. A., Fairlie, D. P., & Craik, D. J. (1998) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi972979f · Cited by 526 · see citing works
Regulation of APP cleavage by α‐, β‐ and γ‐secretases
Nunan, J., & Small, D. H. (2000) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(00)02076-7 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
Kański, J., Aksenova, M. V., Stoyanova, A., & Butterfield, D. A. (2002) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0955-2863(01)00215-7 · Cited by 502 · see citing works
Roher, A. E., Chaney, M. O., Kuo, Y., Webster, S. D., Stine, W. B., Haverkamp, L. J., Woods, A. S., Cotter, R. J., Tuohy, J. M., Krafft, G. A., et al. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.34.20631 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
Deshpande, A. M., Mina, E. W., Glabe, C. G., & Busciglio, J. A. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1189-06.2006 · Cited by 490 · see citing works
Aqueous Dissolution of Alzheimer's Disease Aβ Amyloid Deposits by Biometal Depletion
Cherny, R. A., Legg, J. T., McLean, C. A., Fairlie, D. P., Huang, X., Atwood, C. S., Beyreuther, K., Tanzi, R. E., Masters, C. L., & Bush, A. I. (1999) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.274.33.23223 · Cited by 482 · see citing works
Suh, Y.-H., & Checler, F. (2002) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.54.3.469 · Cited by 467 · see citing works
Copper Binding to the Amyloid-β (Aβ) Peptide Associated with Alzheimer's Disease
Syme, C. D., Nadal, R. C., Rigby, S. E. J., & Viles, J. H. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m313572200 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
Nagele, R. G., D’Andrea, M. R., Anderson, W. J., & Wang, H.-Y. (2002) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00460-2 · Cited by 456 · see citing works
Harper, J. D., Wong, S. S., Lieber, C. M., & Lansbury, P. T. (1999) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi9904149 · Cited by 454 · see citing works
Chartier‐Harlin, M., Parfitt, M., Legrain, S., Pérez‐Tur, J., Brousseau, T., Evans, A., Berr, C., Vldal, O., Roques, P. K., Gourlet, V., et al. (1994) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/3.4.569 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
Wang, H.-Y., Lee, D. H. S., Davis, C. B., & Shank, R. P. (2000) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0751155.x · Cited by 436 · see citing works
M1 Receptors Play a Central Role in Modulating AD-like Pathology in Transgenic Mice
Caccamo, A., Oddo, S., Billings, L. M., Green, K. N., Martinez-Coria, H., Fisher, A., & LaFerla, F. M. (2006) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.01.020 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
SOD1 rescues cerebral endothelial dysfunction in mice overexpressing amyloid precursor protein
Iadecola, C., Zhang, F., Niwa, K., Eckman, C., Turner, S. K., Fischer, E., Younkin, S., Borchelt, D. R., Hsiao, K. K., & Carlson, G. A. (1999) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/5715 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Cuajungco, M. P., Goldstein, L. E., Nunomura, A., Smith, M. A., Lim, J. T., Atwood, C., Huang, X., Farrag, Y. W., Perry, G. L., & Bush, A. I. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.c000165200 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Lipid peroxidation products and antioxidants in human disease.
Romero, F. J., Bosch‐Morell, F., Romero, M. J., Jareño, E. J., Romero, B., Marín, N., & Romá, J. (1998) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.98106s51229 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Different Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress and Neurotoxicity for Alzheimer‘s Aβ(1−42) and Aβ(25−35)
Varadarajan, S., Kanski, J., Aksenova, M., Lauderback, C., & Butterfield, D. A. (2001) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja010452r · Cited by 346 · see citing works
The Alzheimer's Peptide Aβ Adopts a Collapsed Coil Structure in Water
Zhang, S., Iwata, K., Lachenmann, M. J., Peng, J. W., Li, S., Stimson, E. R., Lu, Y.-A., Felix, A. M., Maggio, J. E., & Lee, J. P. (2000) · Journal of Structural Biology · doi:10.1006/jsbi.2000.4288 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Structure of Amyloid A4‐(1–40)‐Peptide of Alzheimer's Disease
Sticht, H., Bayer, P., Willbold, D., Dames, S. A., Hilbich, C., Beyreuther, K. T., Frank, R. W., & ROSCH, P. J. (1995) · European Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.293_1.x · Cited by 300 · see citing works
House, E., Collingwood, J., Khan, A., Korchazkina, O., Berthon, G., & Exley, C. (2004) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2004-6310 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Deciphering the Genetic Basis of Alzheimer's Disease
Selkoe, D. J., & Podlisny, M. B. (2002) · Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev.genom.3.022502.103022 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Walsh, D. M., Townsend, M., Podlisny, M. B., Shankar, G. M., Fadeeva, J. V., El‐Agnaf, O. M. A., Hartley, D. M., & Selkoe, D. J. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4391-04.2005 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Ye, S., Huang, Y., Müllendorff, K., Dong, L., Giedt, G., Meng, E. C., Cohen, F. E., Kuntz, I. D., Weisgraber, K. H., & Mahley, R. W. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0508693102 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Increased Superoxide Production in Coronary Arteries in Hyperhomocysteinemia
Ungvari, Z. I., Csiszár, A., Edwards, J. G., Kaminski, P. M., Wolin, M. S., Kaley, G., & Koller, Á. (2003) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000061735.85377.40 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Guo, J., Arai, T., Miklossy, J., & McGeer, P. L. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0509386103 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Imbalances of trace elements related to oxidative damage in Alzheimer's disease brain.
Cornett, C., Markesbery, W. R., & Ehmann, W. D. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 253 · see citing works
High-resolution Atomic Force Microscopy of Soluble Aβ42 Oligomers
Mastrangelo, I. A., Ahmed, M., Sato, T., Liu, W., Wang, C., Hough, P. V. C., & Smith, S. O. (2006) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2006.01.042 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Controlling Amyloid β-Peptide Fibril Formation with Protease-stable Ligands
Tjernberg, L. O., Lilliehöök, C., Callaway, D. J. E., Näslund, J., Hahne, S., Thyberg, J., Terenius, L. Y., & Nordstedt, C. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.19.12601 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Lymphocyte oxidative DNA damage and plasma antioxidants in Alzheimer disease
Mecocci, P. (2002) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.59.5.794 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Bhatia, R., Lin, H., & Lal, R. (2000) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.14.9.1233 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Novel Metabolism of Docosahexaenoic Acid in Neural Cells
Kim, H. (2007) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.r700015200 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Permanne, B., Adessi, C., Saborı́o, G. P., Fraga, S., Frossard, M., Dorpe, J. V., Dewachter, I., Banks, W. A., LEUVEN, F. V., & Soto, C. A. (2002) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.01-0841fje · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Tau-dependent microtubule disassembly initiated by prefibrillar β-amyloid
King, M. E., Kan, H.-M., Baas, P. W., Erişir, A., Glabe, C. G., & Bloom, G. S. (2006) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.200605187 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Cerebrospinal fluid -amyloid 1-42 concentration may predict cognitive decline in older women
Gustafson, D. R., Skoog, I., Rosengren, L., Zetterberg, H., & Blennow, K. (2006) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2006.100529 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Homocysteine-Induced Inhibition of Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation in Rabbit Aorta
Lang, D., Kredan, M. B., Moat, S. J., Hussain, S. A., Powell, C. A., Bellamy, M., Powers, H. J., & LEWIS, M. J. (2000) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.20.2.422 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Pharmacological Profiles of Peptide Drug Candidates for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
Adessi, C., Frossard, M., Boissard, C., Fraga, S., Biéler, S., Rückle, T., Vilbois, F., Robinson, S. M., Mutter, M., Banks, W. A., et al. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m211976200 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Oligomerization and Toxicity of β-Amyloid-42 Implicated in Alzheimer's Disease
El‐Agnaf, O. M. A., Mahil, D. S., PATEL, B. P., & Austen, B. (2000) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.3051 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Kokkoni, N., Stott, K., Amijee, H., Mason, J. M., & Doig, A. J. (2006) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi060837s · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Inhibitors of Amyloid Toxicity Based on β-sheet Packing of Aβ40 and Aβ42
Sato, T., Kienlen-Campard, P., Ahmed, M., Liu, W., Li, H., Elliott, J. I., Aimoto, S., Constantinescu, S. N., Octave, J.-N., & Smith, S. O. (2006) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi052485f · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Jang, H., Zheng, J., & Nussinov, R. (2007) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1529/biophysj.107.110148 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Oxidation of Cholesterol by Amyloid Precursor Protein and β-Amyloid Peptide
Nelson, T. J., & Alkon, D. L. (2005) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m409071200 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Lipid homeostasis and apolipoprotein E in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease
Lane, R. M., & Farlow, M. R. (2005) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m400486-jlr200 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Vascular oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease
Zhu, X., Smith, M. A., Honda, K., Aliev, G. M., Moreira, P. I., Nunomura, A., Casadesús, G., Harris, P. L. R., Siedlak, S. L., & Perry, G. L. (2007) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2007.01.039 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Approaches to discovery and characterization of inhibitors of amyloid β-peptide polymerization
Findeis, M. A. (2000) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/s0925-4439(00)00034-x · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Amyloid-β-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Chen, J. X., & Yan, S. D. (2007) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2007-12208 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Sadowski, M. J., Pankiewicz, J., Scholtzova, H., Mehta, P. D., Prelli, F., Quartermain, D., & Wisniewski, T. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0604011103 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Amyloid-β Binds Cu <sup>2+</sup> in a Mononuclear Metal Ion Binding Site
Karr, J. W., Kaupp, L. J., & Szalai, V. A. (2004) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja0488028 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Pathogenesis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Rensink, A. A. M., de Waal, R. M. W., Kremer, B. P. H., & Verbeek, M. M. (2003) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2003.08.001 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Rauk, A., Yu, D., Taylor, J. M., Shustov, G. V., Block, D. A., & Armstrong, D. A. (1999) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi990249x · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Self-citationZhu, Y. J., Lin, H., & Lal, R. (2000) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.14.9.1244 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Alzheimer amyloid abeta1-42 channels: effects of solvent, pH, and Congo Red.
Hirakura, Y., Lin, M., & Kagan, B. L. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Oxidative processes in Alzheimer's disease: the role of Aβ-metal interactions
Lynch, T. (2000) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/s0531-5565(00)00112-1 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Promotion of transition metal-induced reactive oxygen species formation by β-amyloid
Bondy, S. C., Guo‐Ross, S. X., & Truong, A. T. (1998) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00461-2 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Properties of scyllo–inositol as a therapeutic treatment of AD-like pathology
Fenili, D., Brown, M., Rappaport, R. V., & McLaurin, J. (2007) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00109-007-0156-7 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Xu, J., Chen, S., Ku, G., Ahmed, S. H., Xu, J., Chen, H., & Hsu, C. Y. (2001) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1097/00004647-200106000-00008 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Paris, D., Humphrey, J., Quadros, A., Patel, N., Crescentini, R., Crawford, F., & Mullan, M. (2003) · Neurological Research · doi:10.1179/016164103101201940 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Amyloid–β-Sheet Formation at the Air-Water Interface
Schladitz, C., Vieira, E. P., Hermel, H., et al. (1999) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/s0006-3495(99)77161-4 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Chacón, M. A., Barría, M. I., Soto, C. A., & Inestrosa, N. C. (2004) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001516 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Amyloid β-Peptide Promotes Permeability Transition Pore in Brain Mitochondria
Moreira, P. I., Santos, M. S., Moreno, A. J., & Oliveira, C. R. (2001) · Bioscience Reports · doi:10.1023/a:1015536808304 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Sayre, L. M., Zagorski, M. G., Surewicz, W. K., Krafft, G. A., & Perry, G. L. (1997) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/tx970009n · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Internalization of β-Amyloid Peptide by Primary Neurons in the Absence of Apolipoprotein E
Saavedra, L., Mohamed, A., Ma, V., Kar, S., & de Chaves, E. P. (2007) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m701823200 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Montine, T. J., Markesbery, W. R., Zackert, W. E., Sanchez, S. C., Roberts, L. J., & Morrow, J. D. (1999) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65185-1 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Function of β‐amyloid in cholesterol transport: a lead to neurotoxicity
Yao, Z., & Papadopoulos, V. (2002) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.02-0285fje · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Plasma levels of beta-amyloid (1–42) in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment
Pesaresi, M., Lovati, C., Bertora, P., Mailland, E., Galimberti, D., Scarpini, E. A., Quadri, P., Forloni, G., & Mariani, C. B. (2006) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.03.004 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Is Complexed with Tau Protein in Brain Microtubules
Sun, W., Qureshi, H. Y., Cafferty, P. W., Sobue, K., Agarwal-Mawal, A., Neufield, K. D., & Paudel, H. K. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m107182200 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Schöneich, C., & Williams, T. D. (2002) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/tx025504k · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Membrane-mediated Amyloidogenesis and the Promotion of Oxidative Lipid Damage by Amyloid β Proteins
Murray, I. V. J., Liu, L., Komatsu, H., Uryu, K., Xiao, G., Lawson, J. A., & Axelsen, P. H. (2007) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m608589200 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Protection against amyloid beta peptide toxicity by zinc
Lovell, M. A., Xie, C., & Markesbery, W. R. (1999) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01114-2 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Subasinghe, S., Unabia, S. E., Barrow, C. J., Mok, S. S., Aguilar, M., & Small, D. H. (2003) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01552.x · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Ciccotosto, G. D., Tew, D. J., Curtain, C. C., Smith, D., Carrington, D., Masters, C. L., Bush, A. I., Cherny, R. A., Cappai, R., & Barnham, K. J. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m406465200 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Subramaniam, R., Koppal, T., Green, M., Yatin, S. M., Jordan, B., Drake, J., & Butterfield, D. A. (1998) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1023/a:1020754807671 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E and β‐amyloid (1–42) regulation of glycogen synthase kinase‐3β
Cedazo-Mı́nguez, Á., Popescu, B. O., Blanco‐Millán, J. M., Akterin, S., Pei, J. ‐., Winblad, B. G., & Cowburn, R. F. (2003) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.02088.x · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Mechanisms of Soluble β-Amyloid Impairment of Endothelial Function
Gentile, M. T., Vecchione, C., Maffei, A., Aretini, A., Marino, G., Poulet, R., Capobianco, L., Selvetella, G., & Lembo, G. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m407358200 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Exacerbation of Copper Toxicity in Primary Neuronal Cultures Depleted of Cellular Glutathione
White, A. R., Bush, A. I., Beyreuther, K. T., Masters, C. L., & Cappai, R. (1999) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0722092.x · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Raffa, D. F., & Rauk, A. (2007) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp0689621 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citationPrice, J. M., Chi, X., Hellermann, G., & Sutton, E. T. (2001) · Neurological Research · doi:10.1179/016164101101198758 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Gylys, K. H., Fein, J. A., Tan, A. M., & Cole, G. M. (2003) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01643.x · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Blanchard, B. J., Konopka, G., Russell, M., & Ingram, V. M. (1997) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(97)01003-2 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Redox Properties of Met35in Neurotoxic β-Amyloid Peptide. A Molecular Modeling Study
Pogocki, D., & Schöneich, C. (2002) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/tx0101550 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Lošić, D., Martin, L. L., Mechler, Á., Aguilar, M., & Small, D. H. (2006) · Journal of Structural Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2006.02.013 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Amyloid-β binds catalase with high affinity and inhibits hydrogen peroxide breakdown
Milton, N. G. N. (1999) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj3440293 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
β-Sheet Breakers for Alzheimers Disease Therapy
Biéler, S., & Soto, C. A. (2004) · Current Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1389450043345290 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Manelli, A. M., & Puttfarcken, P. S. (1995) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/0361-9230(95)02034-x · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Late‐onset neurodegenerative diseases—the role of protein insolubility
Johnson, W. G. (2000) · Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2000.19640609.x · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Apoptosis, Neurotrophic Factors and Neurodegeneration
Dragunow, M., MacGibbon, G. A., Lawlor, P. A., Butterworth, N. J., Connor, B. J., Henderson, C. E., Walton, M. R., Woodgate, A.-M., Hughes, P. E., & Faull, R. L. M. (1997) · Reviews in the Neurosciences · doi:10.1515/revneuro.1997.8.3-4.223 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Raffa, D. F., Gómez‐Balderas, R., Brunelle, P., Rickard, G. A., & Rauk, A. (2005) · JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00775-005-0038-9 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationAluminum and Alzheimer's disease
Exley, C. (2001) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2001-3605 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Turco, E., Parkins, N., Ershov, A. V., & Bazan, N. G. (1999) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4547(19990815)57:4 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Raffa, D. F., Rickard, G. A., & Rauk, A. (2006) · JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00775-006-0175-9 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationKhan, Thompson, Emsley, et al. (1999) · British Journal of Urology · doi:10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.00253.x · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Roy, S. S., & Rauk, A. (2005) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2004.08.031 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationBeta-amyloid induced increase in choline flux across PC12 cell membranes
Allen, D. D., Galdzicki, Z., Brining, S. K., Fukuyama, R., Rapoport, S. I., & Smith, Q. R. (1997) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(97)00671-x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Beta amyloid is neurotoxic in hippocampal slice cultures
Harrigan, M. R., Kunkel, D. D., Nguyen, L. B., & Malouf, A. T. (1995) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/0197-4580(95)00095-v · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Aging enhances vascular dysfunction induced by the Alzheimer's peptide β-amyloid
Price, J. M., Hellermann, A., Hellermann, G., & Sutton, E. T. (2004) · Neurological Research · doi:10.1179/016164104225014003 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Untangling the pathophysio-chemistry of β-amyloid
Mattson, M. P. (1995) · Nature Structural & Molecular Biology · doi:10.1038/nsb1195-926 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Gutierrez, J. A., Clark, S. G., Giulumian, A. D., & Fuchs, L. C. (1997) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(24)36929-0 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Brunelle, P., & Rauk, A. (2002) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2002-4403 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationIdentification of amyloid-β binding sites using an antisense peptide approach
Milton, N. G. N., Mayor, N. P., & Rawlinson, J. (2001) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200108080-00054 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Alternatively spliced isoforms of FE65 serve as neuron-specific and non-neuronal markers
Hu, Q., Hearn, M. G., Jin, L.-W., Bressler, S. L., & Martin, G. M. (1999) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4547(19991201)58:5 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Free Radicals in the Neurotoxic Actions of β‐Amyloida
Richardson, J. S., Zhou, Y., & Kumar, U. (1996) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb34446.x · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Dhitavat, S., Rivera, E. R., Rogers, E. J., & Shea, T. B. (2001) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2001-3602 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Hucks, D., Thuraisingham, R. C., Raftery, M., et al. (2004) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfh270 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Peng, Z., Koh, C. Z. Y., Li, Q., Manikandan, J., MELENDEZ, A., Tang, S., Halliwell, B. B., & CHEUNG, N. (2007) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2007.07.016 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Alzheimer's amyloid story finds its star
Cole, G. M., & Frautschy, S. A. (2006) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2006.07.002 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Molecular mechanisms of late life dementias
Martin, G. M. (2000) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/s0531-5565(99)00090-x · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Heyman, K. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.313.5787.604 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
La apoptosis en las enfermedades neurodegenerativas: evidencias y controversias
Jiménez-Del-Río, M., & Velez‐Pardo, C. (2001) · Revista de Neurología · doi:10.33588/rn.3209.2000495 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Scott, L. E., & Orvig, C. (2009) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr9000176 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Hureau, C., & Faller, P. (2009) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2009.03.013 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Minding metals: Tailoring multifunctional chelating agents for neurodegenerative disease
Perez, L. R., & Franz, K. J. (2010) · Dalton Trans. · doi:10.1039/b919237a · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Chowdhury, S., & Kumar, S. (2020) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2020.103892 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
- Authors
- Rauk, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Calgary (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Rauk, Arvi
- ORCID
- Rauk, Arvi
- Venue
- Dalton Transactions
- Publisher
- Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
- Published
- 2008
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1273
- ISSN
- 1477-9226 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-9234
- OpenAlex
- W2151128898
- Cited by
- 139
- References
- 140
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 9.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Dalton Transactions (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- amyloid-beta, Alzheimer's disease, neurotoxicity, copper(II) complexes, peptide aggregation, oligomers, lipid peroxidation, blood-brain barrier, insulin receptor, calcium homeostasis, cholesterol oxidation, tau hyperphosphorylation, kinase binding, synaptic dysfunction
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Humans, Peptide Fragments, Protein Binding, Porosity, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Oxidative Stress
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review