Amygdaloid Corticotropin‐Releasing Factor Targets Locus Coeruleus Dendrites: Substrate for the Co‐ordination of Emotional and Cognitive Limbs of the Stress Response
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), the neurohormone that initiates the endocrine limb of the stress response via its actions on the anterior pituitary, also acts as a neurotransmitter in the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) to activate this system during stress. Because the central nucleus of the amygdala contains numerous CRF-immunoreactive neurones, the present study examined whether CRF projections from the central nucleus of the amygdala target LC dendrites, thereby providing a mechanism for limbic-CRF modulation of brain noradrenergic activity. Retrograde tracers injected into the rostrolateral pericoerulear region, where CRF-immunoreactive fibres are dense, labelled numerous CRF-immunoreactive neurones in the central nucleus of the amygdala. Consistent with this, ultrastructural analysis of the rostrolateral pericoerulear region in sections that were dually labelled for an anterograde tracer (biotinylated dextran amine, BDA) injected into the central nucleus of the amygdala and CRF immunoreactivity revealed that a substantial percentage (35%) of amygdaloid axon terminals were CRF-immunoreactive. These terminals formed synaptic specializations with unlabelled dendrites that were more often of the asymmetric (excitatory) type. Additionally, ultrastructural analysis of sections that were dually labelled to visualize CRF-and tyrosine hydroxlase-immunoreactivity demonstrated synaptic specializations between CRF-immunoreactive terminals and LC dendrites in the rostrolate…
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Stress activates the noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus via stimulation by the amygdala of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptors on locus coeruleus neurons, increasing norepinephrine release in PFC.
“Stress also activates the noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus via stimulation by the amygdala of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptors on locus coeruleus neurons48, increasing norepinephrine release in PFC49.”
From Stress weakens prefrontal networks: molecular insults to higher cognition (2015) · cites this paper as [48]
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- Authors
- Van Bockstaele, E. J., Colago, E. E. O., & Valentino, R. J.
- Affiliations
- Thomas Jefferson University (US)
- ORCID
- Valentino, R. J.
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1998-10
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 743-758
- ISSN
- 0953-8194 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2826
- OpenAlex
- W2117457874
- Cited by
- 311
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 5.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Heart Association
- National Institutes of Health (5k02mh000840-11)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH 40008, MH00840)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA 09082)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- corticotropin-releasing factor, central amygdala, locus coeruleus, noradrenergic neurons, dendritic targeting, stress response, synaptic ultrastructure, asymmetric synapses, retrograde tracing, tyrosine hydroxylase
- MeSH terms
- Amygdala, Animals, Antibody Specificity, Axons, Cognition, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Dendrites, Emotions, Immunohistochemistry, Locus Coeruleus, Male, Microscopy, Electron, Stress, Psychological, Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats
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