The Darwinian concept of stress: benefits of allostasis and costs of allostatic load and the trade-offs in health and disease

Korte, S. Mechiel; Koolhaas, Jaap M.; Wingfield, John C.; McEwen, Bruce S.

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.08.009

Cited by 1,097Stress Responses and CortisolEvolutionary Psychology and Human BehaviorAnimal Behavior and Reproduction

The Darwinian concept of stress: benefits of allostasis and costs of allostatic load and the trade-offs in health and disease

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Korte, S. Mechiel, Koolhaas, Jaap M., Wingfield, John C., McEwen, Bruce S.·2005·Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

DOI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.08.009

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Abstract

Why do we get the stress-related diseases we do? Why do some people have flare ups of autoimmune disease, whereas others suffer from melancholic depression during a stressful period in their life? In the present review possible explanations will be given by using different levels of analysis. First, we explain in evolutionary terms why different organisms adopt different behavioral strategies to cope with stress. It has become clear that natural selection maintains a balance of different traits preserving genes for high aggression (Hawks) and low aggression (Doves) within a population. The existence of these personality types (Hawks-Doves) is widespread in the animal kingdom, not only between males and females but also within the same gender across species. Second, proximate (causal) explanations are given for the different stress responses and how they work. Hawks and Doves differ in underlying physiology and these differences are associated with their respective behavioral strategies; for example, bold Hawks preferentially adopt the fight-flight response when establishing a new territory or defending an existing territory, while cautious Doves show the freeze-hide response to adapt to threats in their environment. Thus, adaptive processes that actively maintain stability through change (allostasis) depend on the personality type and the associated stress responses. Third, we describe how the expression of the various stress responses can result in specific benefits to the organism. Fourth, we discuss how the benefits of allostasis and the costs of adaptation (allostatic load) lead to different trade-offs in health and disease, thereby reinforcing a Darwinian concept of stress. Collectively, this provides some explanation of why individuals may differ in their vulnerability to different stress-related diseases and how this relates to the range of personality types, especially aggressive Hawks and non-aggressive Doves in a population. A conceptual framework is presented showing that Hawks, due to inefficient management of mediators of allostasis, are more likely to be violent, to develop impulse control disorders, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, sudden death, atypical depression, chronic fatigue states and inflammation. In contrast, Doves, due to the greater release of mediators of allostasis (surplus), are more susceptible to anxiety disorders, metabolic syndromes, melancholic depression, psychotic states and infection.

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The Lifelong Effects of Early Childhood Adversity and Toxic Stress
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Interpreting Stress Responses during Routine Toxicity Studies
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Severe stress switches CRF action in the nucleus accumbens from appetitive to aversive
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Evaluation of animal models of neurobehavioral disorders
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An excitatory synapse hypothesis of depression
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Investigations of HPA function and the enduring consequences of stressors in adolescence in animal models
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A transdisciplinary perspective of chronic stress in relation to psychopathology throughout life span development
Juster, R.-P., Bizik, G., Picard, M., Arsenault-Lapierre, G., Sindi, S., Trepanier, L., Marin, M.-F., Wan, N., Sekerovic, Z., Lord, C., et al. (2011) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579411000289 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
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The stress response systems: Universality and adaptive individual differences☆
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Chronic alcohol neuroadaptation and stress contribute to susceptibility for alcohol craving and relapse
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PET and MRI show differences in cerebral asymmetry and functional connectivity between homo- and heterosexual subjects
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Trade-Offs (and Constraints) in Organismal Biology
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Elevated hormonal stress response and reduced reproductive output in Yellow-eyed penguins exposed to unregulated tourism
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Personality Research in Mammalian Farm Animals: Concepts, Measures, and Relationship to Welfare
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Regulation of endocannabinoid signaling by stress: Implications for stress-related affective disorders
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Social stress, immune functions and disease in rodents
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Coping strategies in a strongly schooling fish, the common carp Cyprinus carpio
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Animal models for depression and the mismatch hypothesis of disease
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Personality, Socioeconomic Status, and All-Cause Mortality in the United States
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Lipidomics of Human Brain Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Pathology
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Response to environmental change in rainbow trout selected for divergent stress coping styles
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Chronic stress exposure may affect the brain’s response to high calorie food cues and predispose to obesogenic eating habits
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Lipidomics: a new window to biomedical frontiers
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Sex-specific consequences of life in the city
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Environmental effects on fish neural plasticity and cognition
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Behavioral indicators of stress-coping style in rainbow trout: Do males and females react differently to novelty?
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More than numbers matter: The effect of social factors on behaviour and welfare of laboratory rodents and non-human primates
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The juvenile transition: A developmental switch point in human life history
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Stress-induced changes in sleep in rodents: Models and mechanisms
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Short- and long-term effects of developmental corticosterone exposure on avian physiology, behavioral phenotype, cognition, and fitness: A review
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Glucocorticoid-Mediated Phenotypes in Vertebrates
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Neural Substrates of Depression and Resilience
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and the trade-offs in health and disease
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Authors: Korte, S. M., Koolhaas, J. M., Wingfield, J. C., & McEwen, B. S.
Affiliations: Wageningen University & Research (NL)
University of Groningen (NL)
University of Washington (US)
Rockefeller University (US)
Corresponding author: Korte, S. Mechiel
ORCID: Korte, S. Mechiel
Wingfield, John C.
McEwen, Bruce S.
Venue: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2005-02
Volume: 29
Issue: 1
Pages: 3-38
ISSN: 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.08.009
OpenAlex: W2166771493
Cited by: 1,097
References: 480
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 83 · 2019: 46 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 67 · 2015: 67 · 2014: 55 · 2013: 71 · 2012: 58
FWCI: 2.75
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
research.wur.nl
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
Keywords: stress, allostasis, allostatic load, evolutionary psychology, aggressive personality, stress coping strategies, fight-or-flight response, stress-related disorders, anxiety disorders, depression, hypertension, inflammation, impulsivity
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Behavior, Brain, Concept Formation, Biological Evolution, Female, Humans, Individuality, Male, Selection, Genetic, Species Specificity, Stress, Physiological, Models, Animal

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The Darwinian concept of stress: benefits of allostasis and costs of allostatic load and the trade-offs in health and disease

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