Neurobiology of dysregulated motivational systems in drug addiction
Open accessAbstract
The progression from recreational drug use to drug addiction impacts multiple neurobiological processes and can be conceptualized as a transition from positive to negative reinforcement mechanisms driving both drug-taking and drug-seeking behaviors. Neurobiological mechanisms for negative reinforcement, defined as drug taking that alleviates a negative emotional state, involve changes in the brain reward system and recruitment of brain stress (or antireward) systems within forebrain structures, including the extended amygdala. These systems are hypothesized to be dysregulated by excessive drug intake and to contribute to allostatic changes in reinforcement mechanisms associated with addiction. Points of intersection between positive and negative motivational circuitry may further drive the compulsivity of drug addiction but also provide a rich neurobiological substrate for therapeutic intervention.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Upregulation of postsynaptic Gs/cAMP/PKA signalling in the nucleus accumbens might be a critical neuroadaptation central to the establishment and maintenance of addiction.
“and the upregulation of a postsynaptic Gs/cAMP/PKA signalling pathway in the nucleus accumbens might constitute a critical neuroadaptation that is central to the establishment and maintenance of the addicted state.136,137”
From Neurobiology of addiction: a neurocircuitry analysis (2016) · cites this paper as [137]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Shrestha, S., & Offer, S. M. (2016) · Medical Epigenetics · doi:10.1159/000444713 · Cited by 8,949 · see citing works
The neural basis of drug craving: An incentive-sensitization theory of addiction
Robinson, T. (1993) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/0165-0173(93)90013-p · Cited by 7,346 · see citing works
Di Chiara, G., & Imperato, A. (1988) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.85.14.5274 · Cited by 4,733 · see citing works
Aston-Jones, G., & Cohen, J. D. (2005) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135709 · Cited by 4,472 · see citing works
Olds, J., & Milner, P. (1954) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0058775 · Cited by 3,176 · see citing works
Drug Addiction, Dysregulation of Reward, and Allostasis
Koob, G. (2001) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(00)00195-0 · Cited by 2,953 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Neural Basis of Addiction: A Pathology of Motivation and Choice
Kalivas, P. W., & Volkow, N. D. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.8.1403 · Cited by 2,757 · see citing works
NEURAL MECHANISMS OF ADDICTION: The Role of Reward-Related Learning and Memory
Hyman, S. E., Malenka, R. C., & Nestler, E. J. (2006) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.29.051605.113009 · Cited by 2,647 · see citing works
Drug abuse: hedonic homeostatic dysregulation
Koob, G. F., & Moal, M. L. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.278.5335.52 · Cited by 2,535 · see citing works
Self-citationCellular and molecular mechanisms of drug dependence
Koob, G. F., & Bloom, F. E. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2903550 · Cited by 2,070 · see citing works
Self-citationSwanson, L. W., Sawchenko, P. E., Rivier, J., & Vale, W. W. (2008) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000123454 · Cited by 1,953 · see citing works
Molecular basis of long-term plasticity underlying addiction
Nestler, E. J. (2001) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35053570 · Cited by 1,857 · see citing works
Allostasis and Allostatic Load Implications for Neuropsychopharmacology
McEwen, B. (2000) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(99)00129-3 · Cited by 1,833 · see citing works
An opponent-process theory of motivation. I. Temporal dynamics of affect
Solomon, R. L., & Corbit, J. D. (1974) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0036128 · Cited by 1,704 · see citing works
Grant, B. F., Dawson, D. A., Stinson, F. S., Chou, S. P., Dufour, M. C., & Pickering, R. P. (2004) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.02.004 · Cited by 1,509 · see citing works
Addiction and the brain antireward system
Koob, G. F., & Le Moal, M. (2008) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093548 · Cited by 1,457 · see citing works
Self-citationAllostasis: A New Paradigm to Explain Arousal Pathology
Sterling, P., & Eyer, J. (1988) · Zenodo · doi:10.5281/zenodo.13537700 · Cited by 1,450 · see citing works
Handbook of Life Stress, Cognition and Health
PASTOR, L. H. (1989) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.146.10.1347 · Cited by 1,402 · see citing works
Epigenetic regulation in psychiatric disorders
Tsankova, N., Renthal, W., Kumar, A., & Nestler, E. J. (2007) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2132 · Cited by 1,400 · see citing works
Is there a common molecular pathway for addiction?
Nestler, E. J. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1578 · Cited by 1,388 · see citing works
The Story of Rett Syndrome: From Clinic to Neurobiology
Chahrour, M., & Zoghbi, H. Y. (2007) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.10.001 · Cited by 1,265 · see citing works
Specificity in the projection patterns of accumbal core and shell in the rat
Heimer, L., Zahm, D. S., Churchill, L., Kalivas, P. W., & Wohltmann, C. (1991) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(91)90202-y · Cited by 1,219 · see citing works
Alheid, G. F., & Heimer, L. (1988) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(88)90217-5 · Cited by 1,217 · see citing works
Dynorphin Is a Specific Endogenous Ligand of the κ Opioid Receptor
Chavkin, C., James, I. F., & D, A. G. M. (1982) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.6120570 · Cited by 1,171 · see citing works
Transition from Moderate to Excessive Drug Intake: Change in Hedonic Set Point
Ahmed, S. H., & Koob, G. F. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.282.5387.298 · Cited by 1,159 · see citing works
Self-citationMesocorticolimbic dopaminergic network: functional and regulatory roles
Moal, M. L., & Simon, H. (1991) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1991.71.1.155 · Cited by 1,096 · see citing works
Stewart, J., de Wit, H., & Eikelboom, R. (1984) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037//0033-295x.91.2.251 · Cited by 1,064 · see citing works
Stewart, J., de Wit, H., & Eikelboom, R. (1984) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.91.2.251 · Cited by 1,062 · see citing works
Opposing tonically active endogenous opioid systems modulate the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway.
Spanagel, R., Herz, A., & Shippenberg, T. S. (1992) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.89.6.2046 · Cited by 1,005 · see citing works
Incubation of cocaine craving after withdrawal
Grimm, J. W., Hope, B. T., Wise, R. A., & Shaham, Y. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35084134 · Cited by 1,003 · see citing works
Effort-related functions of nucleus accumbens dopamine and associated forebrain circuits
Salamone, J. D., Correa, M., Farrar, A., & Mingote, S. M. (2007) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0668-9 · Cited by 1,000 · see citing works
Plasticity of reward neurocircuitry and the ‘dark side’ of drug addiction
Koob, G. F., & Le Moal, M. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1105-1442 · Cited by 963 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychotomimesis Mediated by κ Opiate Receptors
Pfeiffer, A., Brantl, V., Herz, A., & Emrich, H. M. (1986) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3016896 · Cited by 857 · see citing works
Chromatin Remodeling Is a Key Mechanism Underlying Cocaine-Induced Plasticity in Striatum
Kumar, A., Choi, K.-H., Renthal, W., Tsankova, N. M., Theobald, D. E. H., Truong, H.-T., Russo, S. J., LaPlant, Q., Sasaki, T. S., Whistler, K. N., et al. (2005) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.09.023 · Cited by 764 · see citing works
Further contributions to the study of the evolution of the forebrain
Johnston, J. B. (1923) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.900350502 · Cited by 667 · see citing works
Evidence from rats that morphine tolerance is a learned response
Siegel, S. (1975) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0077058 · Cited by 657 · see citing works
Toward a model of drug relapse: an assessment of the validity of the reinstatement procedure
Epstein, D., Preston, K., Stewart, J., & Shaham, Y. (2006) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0529-6 · Cited by 634 · see citing works
Corticotropin-releasing factor, norepinephrine, and stress
Koob, G. F. (1999) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00164-x · Cited by 629 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Dysphoric Component of Stress Is Encoded by Activation of the Dynorphin κ-Opioid System
Land, B. B., Bruchas, M. R., Lemos, J. C., Xu, M., Melief, E. J., & Chavkin, C. (2008) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4458-07.2008 · Cited by 601 · see citing works
Histone Deacetylase 5 Epigenetically Controls Behavioral Adaptations to Chronic Emotional Stimuli
Renthal, W., Maze, I., Krishnan, V., Covington, H. E., Xiao, G., Kumar, A., Russo, S. J., Graham, A., Tsankova, N., Kippin, T. E., et al. (2007) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.09.032 · Cited by 599 · see citing works
Grant, B. F., & Dawson, D. A. (1998) · Journal of Substance Abuse · doi:10.1016/s0899-3289(99)80131-x · Cited by 582 · see citing works
Handbook of Life Stress, Cognition and Health
Fisher, S., & REASON, J. T. (1988) · Cited by 575 · see citing works
Role of brain norepinephrine in the behavioral response to stress
Morilak, D. A., Barrera, G., Echevarria, D. J., Garcia, A. S., Hernandez, A., Ma, S., & Petre, C. O. (2005) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2005.08.007 · Cited by 570 · see citing works
Pich, E., Lorang, M., Yeganeh, M., Rodriguez de Fonseca, F., Raber, J., Koob, G., & Weiss, F. (1995) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.15-08-05439.1995 · Cited by 565 · see citing works
Self-citationGrimm, J. W., Lü, L., Hayashi, T., Hope, B. T., Su, T., & Shaham, Y. (2003) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-03-00742.2003 · Cited by 551 · see citing works
Terwilliger, R. Z., Beitner‐Johnson, D., Sevarino, K. A., Crain, S. M., & Nestler, E. J. (1991) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(91)91111-d · Cited by 534 · see citing works
Rossetti, Z. L., Hmaidan, Y., & GESSA, G. L. (1992) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0014-2999(92)90706-a · Cited by 526 · see citing works
Distribution of dynorphin and enkephalin peptides in the rat brain
Fallon, J. H., & Leslie, F. M. (1986) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902490302 · Cited by 526 · see citing works
Limbic and Motor Circuitry Underlying Footshock-Induced Reinstatement of Cocaine-Seeking Behavior
McFarland, K., Davidge, S. B., Lapish, C. C., & Kalivas, P. W. (2004) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4177-03.2004 · Cited by 524 · see citing works
Mucha, R. F., & Herz, A. (1985) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00432213 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
Activation of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor in the Limbic System During Cannabinoid Withdrawal
Rodrı́guez de Fonseca, F., Carrera, M. R. A., Navarro, M., Koob, G. F., & Weiss, F. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.276.5321.2050 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Self-citationNoradrenaline in the ventral forebrain is critical for opiate withdrawal-induced aversion
Delfs, J. M., Zhu, Y., Druhan, J. P., & Aston-Jones, G. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35000212 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
An Opponent-Process Theory of Motivation
Solomon, R. L., & Corbit, J. D. (2008) · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Neurobiological substrates for the dark side of compulsivity in addiction
Koob, G. F. (2008) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.07.043 · Cited by 458 · see citing works
Self-citationWeiss, F., Parsons, L. H., Schulteis, G., Hyytiä, P., Lorang, M. T., Bloom, F. E., & Koob, G. F. (1996) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-10-03474.1996 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Self-citationCentral amygdala ERK signaling pathway is critical to incubation of cocaine craving
Lu, L., Hope, B., Dempsey, J., Liu, S. Y., Bossert, J., & Shaham, Y. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1383 · Cited by 453 · see citing works
Conditioned responses to cocaine-related stimuli in cocaine abuse patients
Ehrman, R. N., Robbins, S. J., Childress, A. R., & O'Brien, C. P. (1992) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02245266 · Cited by 451 · see citing works
Incubation of cocaine craving after withdrawal: a review of preclinical data
Lü, L., Grimm, J. W., Hope, B. T., & Shaham, Y. (2004) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2004.06.027 · Cited by 446 · see citing works
McLaughlin, J. P., Marton-Popovici, M., & Chavkin, C. (2003) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-13-05674.2003 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Compulsive Drug‐Seeking Behavior and Relapse: Neuroadaptation, Stress, and Conditioning Factors
WEISS, F., CICCOCIOPPO, R., PARSONS, L. H., KATNER, S., LIU, X., ZORRILLA, E. P., VALDEZ, G. R., BEN‐SHAHAR, O., ANGELETTI, S., & RICHTER, R. R. (2001) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03556.x · Cited by 430 · see citing works
Historical review: molecular and cellular mechanisms of opiate and cocaine addiction
Nestler, E. J. (2004) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2004.02.005 · Cited by 425 · see citing works
Siegmund, K. D., Connor, C., Campan, M., Long, T. I., Weisenberger, D. J., Biniszkiewicz, D., Jaenisch, R., Laird, P. W., & Akbarian, S. (2007) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000895 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
Rassnick, S., Heinrichs, S. C., Britton, K. T., & Koob, G. F. (1993) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)91352-s · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Self-citationGraham, D. L., Edwards, S., Bachtell, R. K., Dileone, R., Rios, M., & Self, D. W. (2007) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1929 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Self-citationThe neurobiology of addiction: a neuroadaptational view relevant for diagnosis
Koob, G. F. (2006) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01586.x · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Self-citationPharmacological evidence for a motivational role of κ-opioid systems in ethanol dependence
Walker, B. M., & Koob, G. F. (2008) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301438 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Self-citationA Range of Research-Based Pharmacotherapies for Addiction
O’Brien, C. P. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.278.5335.66 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Funk, C. K., O'Dell, L. E., Crawford, E. F., & Koob, G. F. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3096-06.2006 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Self-citationBrain Chromatin Remodeling: A Novel Mechanism of Alcoholism
Pandey, S. C., Ugale, R. R., Zhang, H., Tang, L., & Prakash, A. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5731-07.2008 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Wang, B., Shaham, Y., Zitzman, D., Azari, S., Wise, R. A., & You, Z.-B. (2005) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0955-05.2005 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
CRF antagonist reverses the “anxiogenic” response to ethanol withdrawal in the rat
Baldwin, H. A., Rassnick, S., Rivier, J., Koob, G. F., & Britton, K. T. (1991) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02244208 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
Self-citationDissociation of dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens from intracranial self-stimulation
Garris, P. A., Kilpatrick, M., Bunin, M. A., Michael, D., Walker, Q. D., & Wightman, R. M. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/18019 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Self, D. W., Genova, L. M., Hope, B. T., Barnhart, W. J., Spencer, J. J., & Nestler, E. J. (1998) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-05-01848.1998 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Rimondini, R., Arlinde, C., Sommer, W. H., & Heilig, M. A. (2002) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.01-0593com · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Weiss, F., Markou, A., Lorang, M. T., & Koob, G. F. (1992) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(92)91327-b · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Self-citationStinus, L., Le Moal, M., & Koob, G. F. (1990) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(90)90106-e · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Self-citationBeardsley, P. M., Howard, J. L., Shelton, K. L., & Carroll, F. I. (2005) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-005-0167-4 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Van Bockstaele, E. J., Colago, E. E. O., & Valentino, R. J. (1998) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2826.1998.00254.x · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Piecing together the Puzzle of Basal Forebrain Anatomy
Heimer, L., & Alheid, G. F. (1991) · Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-0145-6_1 · Cited by 310 · cited 1× · see citing works
“, posterior shell) [133,134].”
Shirayama, Y., Ishida, H., Iwata, M., Hazama, G., Kawahara, R., & Duman, R. S. (2004) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02589.x · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Euphorigenic drugs: effects on the reward pathways of the brain.
Kornetsky, C. H., & Esposito, R. U. (1979) · PubMed · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Valentino, R. J., Foote, S. L., & Page, M. E. (1993) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb49931.x · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Comparison of the Distribution of Dynorphin Systems and Enkephalin Systems in Brain
Watson, S. J., Khachaturian, H., Akil, H., Coy, D. H., & D, A. G. M. (1982) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.6128790 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Neuroadaptive mechanisms of addiction: studies on the extended amygdala
Koob, G. F. (2003) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2003.08.005 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Self-citationTran-Nguyen, L. T. L. (1998) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(97)00205-4 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Acamprosate and alcohol: I. Effects on alcohol intake following alcohol deprivation in the rat
Spanagel, R., Hölter, S. M., Allingham, K., Landgraf, R., & Zieglgänsberger, W. (1996) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0014-2999(96)00174-4 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Funk, C. K., Zorrilla, E. P., Lee, M.-J., Rice, K. C., & Koob, G. F. (2007) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.063 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Self-citationκ-Opioid Agonists Directly Inhibit Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons
Margolis, E. B., Hjelmstad, G. O., Bonci, A., & Fields, H. L. (2003) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-31-09981.2003 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Effects of κ-opioid receptor ligands on intracranial self-stimulation in rats
Todtenkopf, M. S., Marcus, J. F., Portoghese, P. S., & Carlezon, W. A. (2004) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-003-1680-y · Cited by 273 · see citing works
The Dopamine Hypothesis of Drug Addiction: Hypodopaminergic State
Melis, M., Spiga, S., & Diana, M. (2005) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7742(05)63005-x · Cited by 271 · see citing works
A role for mesencephalic dopamine in activation: commentary on Berridge (2006)
Robbins, T. W., & Everitt, B. J. (2006) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0528-7 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Rougé‐Pont, F., Piazza, P. V., Kharouby, M., Moal, M. L., & Simon, H. (1993) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)90260-t · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Sarnyai, Z., Bíró, É., Gardi, J., Vecsernyés, M., Julesz, J., & Telegdy, G. (1995) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)00043-p · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Aston‐Jones, G., Delfs, J. M., Druhan, J. P., & Zhu, Y. (1999) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09284.x · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Valentino, R. J., Page, M. E., & Curtis, A. L. (1991) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(91)90855-p · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Zorrilla, E. P., Valdez, G. R., & Weiss, F. (2001) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130100773 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
George, O., Ghozland, S., Azar, M. R., Cottone, P., Zorrilla, E. P., Parsons, L. H., O'Dell, L. E., Richardson, H. N., & Koob, G. F. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0707585104 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Self-citationRelationship between reward-enhancing and stereotypical effects of psychomotor stimulant drugs
ROBBINS, T. W. (1976) · Nature · doi:10.1038/264057a0 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Effects of cocaine and footshock stress on extracellular dopamine levels in the ventral striatum
Sorg, B. A., & Kalivas, P. W. (1991) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(91)90283-2 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Olive, M. F., Koenig, H. N., Nannini, M. A., & Hodge, C. W. (2002) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(01)00748-1 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
A theory of intelligent behavior
Bindra, D. (1976) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Nestler, E. J., Terwilliger, R. Z., Walker, J. R., Sevarino, K. A., & Duman, R. S. (1990) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1990.tb04602.x · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Ciraulo, D. A. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.23.3175-b · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Repeated cocaine administration upregulates K and μ, but not δ, opioid receptors
Unterwald, E. M., Rubenfeld, J. M., & Kreek, M. J. (1994) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199408150-00018 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Heinrichs, S. C., Menzaghi, F., Schulteis, G., Koob, G. F., & Stinus, L. (1995) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/00008877-199501000-00011 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Self-citationHomeostatic theory of drug tolerance: a general model of physiological adaptation
Poulos, C. X., & Cappell, H. (1991) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.98.3.390 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Interaction between CRHR1 gene and stressful life events predicts adolescent heavy alcohol use
Blomeyer, D., Treutlein, J., Esser, G., Schmidt, M. H., Schumann, G., & Laucht, M. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.04.026 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Spangler, R., Unterwald, E. M., & Kreek, M. J. (1993) · Molecular Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0169-328x(93)90133-a · Cited by 210 · see citing works
STRESS-INDUCED RELEASE OF BRAIN NOREPINEPHRINE AND ITS INHIBITION BY DRUGS
Maynert, E. W., & Levi, O. (1964) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)26696-4 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Development of an Alcohol-Deprivation Effect in Rats
Sinclair, J. D., & Senter, R. J. (1968) · Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol · doi:10.15288/qjsa.1968.29.863 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Basso, A. M., Spina, M. G., Rivier, J., Vale, W., & Koob, G. F. (1999) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130051028 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Self-citationSelf, D. W. (2004) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2004.07.005 · Cited by 189 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Thus, upregulation of a postsynaptic G s –cAMP–PKA signaling pathway in the nucleus accumbens may constitute a critical neuro adaptation that is central to the establishment and m aintenance of the addicted state (Figure 3) [148].”
BackgroundValdez, G. R., Zorrilla, E. P., Roberts, A. J., & Koob, G. F. (2003) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/s0741-8329(03)00020-x · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Self-citationTreutlein, J., Kissling, C., Frank, J., Wiemann, S., Dong, L., Depner, M., Saam, C., Lascorz, J., Soyka, M., Preuss, U. W., et al. (2006) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001813 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
The basal forebrain : anatomy to function
Napier, T. C., Kalivas, P. W., & Hanin, I. (1991) · Plenum Press eBooks · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Cocaine self-administration increases preprodynorphin, but not c-fos, mRNA in rat striatum
Daunais, J. B., Roberts, D. C. S., & McGinty, J. F. (1993) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199305000-00020 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Biochemical Adaptations in the Mesolimbic Dopamine System in Response to Repeated Stress
Ortiz, J. (1996) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/0893-133x(95)00152-4 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Modulation of multiple ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety-like behavior by CRF and CRF1 receptors
Overstreet, D. H. (2003) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2003.11.010 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
α1-noradrenergic receptor antagonism blocks dependence-induced increases in responding for ethanol
Walker, B. M., Rasmussen, D. D., Raskind, M. A., & Koob, G. F. (2008) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2007.12.002 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Self-citationCocaine selectively increases striatonigral dynorphin levels by a dopaminergic mechanism.
Sivam, S. P. (1989) · The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)22808-7 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Stinus, L., Cador, M., Zorrilla, E. P., & Koob, G. F. (2005) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300487 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Self-citationWee, S., Mandyam, C. D., Lekić, D., & Koob, G. F. (2007) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2007.08.003 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Self-citationMolecular and cellular mechanisms of opiate action: Studies in the rat locus coeruleus
Nestler, E. J., Alreja, M., & Aghajanian, G. K. (1994) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/0361-9230(94)90166-x · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Valdez, G. R., Sabino, V., & Koob, G. F. (2004) · Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1097/01.alc.0000128222.29875.40 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Self-citationNegus, S. S., Henriksen, S. J., Mattox, A., Pasternak, G. W., Portoghese, P. S., Takemori, A. E., Weinger, M. B., & Koob, G. F. (1993) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)38246-7 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Self-citationAlonso, G., SZAFARCZYK, A., Balmefrézol, M., & ASSENMACHER, I. (1986) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(86)90631-1 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
SB242084, flumazenil, and CRA1000 block ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety in rats
Knapp, D. J., Overstreet, D. H., Moy, S. S., & Breese, G. R. (2004) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2003.08.007 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
CRF1 receptor antagonists attenuate escalated cocaine self-administration in rats
Specio, S. E., Wee, S., O’Dell, L. E., Boutrel, B., Zorrilla, E. P., & Koob, G. F. (2007) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-007-0983-9 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citationAlcohol Withdrawal Syndromes: Clinical Management with Lofexidine
Cushman, P., Forbes, R., Lemer, W., & Stewart, M. (1985) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1985.tb05527.x · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Kash, T. L., Nobis, W. P., Matthews, R. T., & Winder, D. G. (2008) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4715-08.2008 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Breese, G. R., Overstreet, D. H., Knapp, D. J., & Navarro, M. (2005) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300706 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Lindholm, S., Ploj, K., Franck, J., & Nylander, I. (2000) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/s0741-8329(00)00118-x · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Wee, S., Orío, L., Ghirmai, S., Cashman, J. R., & Koob, G. F. (2009) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-009-1563-y · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Self-citationβ-adrenergic antagonists attenuate withdrawal anxiety in cocaine-and morphine-dependent rats
Harris, G. C., & Aston‐Jones, G. (1993) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02244345 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Decreased Oral Self-Administration of Alcohol In ??-Opioid Receptor Knock-Out Mice
Kovacs, K. M., Szakall, I., Brien, D. O., Wang, R., Vinod, K. Y., Saito, M., Simonin, F., Kieffer, B. L., & Vadász, C. (2005) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1097/01.alc.0000164361.62346.d6 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Saladin, M. E., Brady, K. T., Graap, K. M., & ROTHBAUM, B. O. (2006) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.01.004 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Central Norepinephrine Metabolism During Alcohol Intoxication in Addicts and Healthy Volunteers
Borg, S., Kvande, H., & Sedvall, G. (1981) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7268421 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Meloni, E. G., Gerety, L. P., Knoll, A. T., Cohen, B. M., & Carlezon, W. A. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4957-05.2006 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Xi, Z., Fuller, S. A., & Stein, E. A. (1998) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(24)37186-1 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Hernández, G., Hamdani, S., Rajabi, H., Conover, K. L., Stewart, J., Arvanitogiannis, A., & Shizgal, P. (2006) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.120.4.888 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
An Allelic Variation in the Human Prodynorphin Gene Promoter Alters Stimulus‐Induced Expression
Zimprich, A. A., Kraus, J., Wöltje, M., Mayer, P. E., Rauch, E., & Höllt, V. (2000) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.740472.x · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Is the dopaminergic mesocorticolimbic system necessary for intracranial self-stimulation?
Simon, H., Stinus, L., Tassin, J., Lavielle, S., Blanc, G., Thierry, A. M., Glowinski, J., & Moal, M. L. (1979) · Behavioral and Neural Biology · doi:10.1016/s0163-1047(79)91745-x · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Ethanol-Associated Behaviors of Mice Lacking Norepinephrine
Weinshenker, D., Rust, N. C., Miller, N. S., & Palmiter, R. D. (2000) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-09-03157.2000 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Valdez, G. R., Platt, D. M., Rowlett, J. K., Rüedi-Bettschen, D., & Spealman, R. D. (2007) · The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.107.125484 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Mantsch, J. R., Baker, D. L., Francis, D. M., Katz, E. S., Hoks, M. A., & Serge, J. P. (2007) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-007-0950-5 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Self, D. W., Terwilliger, R. Z., Nestler, E. J., & Stein, L. (1994) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.14-10-06239.1994 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Greenwell, T. N., Funk, C. K., Cottone, P., Richardson, H. N., Chen, S. A., Rice, K. C., Zorrilla, E. P., & Koob, G. F. (2009) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2008.00142.x · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citationNegus, S. S. (2004) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-004-1878-7 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Robustness of G protein changes in cocaine sensitization shown with immunoblotting
Striplin, C. D., & Kalivas, P. W. (1993) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.890140103 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Chartoff, E. H., Mague, S. D., Barhight, M. F., Smith, A. M., & Carlezon, W. A. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0491-06.2006 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Markou, A., & Koob, G. F. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationNeuropsychopharmacology: The Fifth Generation of Progress
Leung, C. (2003) · Hong Kong journal of psychiatry · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Rosin, Å., Lindholm, S., Franck, J., & Georgieva, J. (1999) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00675-8 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Yuferov, V. P., Ji, F., Nielsen, D. A., Levran, O., Ho, A., Morgello, S., Shi, R., Ott, J., & Kreek, M. J. (2008) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2008.187 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Dual Role of Medial A10 Dopamine Neurons in Affective Encoding
Liu, Z., Shin, R. S., & Ikemoto, S. (2008) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2008.4 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Turchan-Cholewo, J. T., Lasoń, W., Budziszewska, B., & Przewłocka, B. (1997) · Neuropeptides · doi:10.1016/s0143-4179(97)90015-9 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
The effects of selective catecholamine depletions by 6-hydroxydopamine on ethanol preference in rats
Brown, Z. W., & Amit, Z. (1977) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(77)90109-4 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Greenwell, T. N., Walker, B. M., Cottone, P., Zorrilla, E. P., & Koob, G. F. (2008) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2008.07.012 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationLodge, D. J., & Grace, A. A. (2005) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.105.084913 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Edwards, S., Graham, D. L., Bachtell, R. K., & Self, D. W. (2007) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05473.x · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationHow do we determine which drug-induced neuroplastic changes are important?
Kalivas, P. W. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1105-1440 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Amit, Z., Zw, B., Levitan, D. E., & Ögren, S. O. (1977) · PubMed · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Slawecki, C. J., Thorsell, A. K., Khoury, A. E., Mathé, A. A., & Ehlers, C. L. (2005) · Neuropeptides · doi:10.1016/j.npep.2005.06.002 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Stress and rodent models of drug addiction: role of VTA–accumbens–PFC–amygdala circuit
Yap, J. J., & Miczek, K. A. (2008) · Drug Discovery Today Disease Models · doi:10.1016/j.ddmod.2009.03.010 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Rattan, A. K., Koo, K. L., Tejwani, G. A., & Bhargava, H. N. (1992) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(92)90896-h · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Doyon, W. M., Howard, E. C., Shippenberg, T. S., & Gonzales, R. A. (2006) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2006.04.005 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Re-evaluation of the role of dopamine in intracranial self-stimulation using in vivo microdialysis
Miliaressis, E., Émond, C., & Merali, Z. (1991) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(05)80095-6 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
GENETIC STUDY: Prodynorphin gene promoter repeat associated with cocaine/alcohol codependence
Williams, T. J., LaForge, K. S., Gordon, D., Bart, G. B., Kellogg, S. H., Ott, J., & Kreek, M. J. (2007) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2007.00069.x · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Borg, S., Czarnecka, A., Kvande, H., Mossberg, D., & Sedvall, G. (1983) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1983.tb05496.x · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Distribution of corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in human brain
Charlton, B. G., Ferrier, I. N., & Perry, R. H. (1987) · Neuropeptides · doi:10.1016/s0143-4179(87)90083-7 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Edwards, S., Graham, D. L., Whisler, K. N., & Self, D. W. (2008) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.20601 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationCerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites during alcohol withdrawal syndrome and recovered state.
Fujimoto, A., Nagao, T., Ebara, T., Sato, M., & Otsuki, S. (1983) · PubMed · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Tucci, S., Cheeta, S., Seth, P., & File, S. E. (2003) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-003-1403-4 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Clonidine blocks acquisition but not expression of conditioned opiate withdrawal in rats
Schulteis, G. (1998) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(98)00036-0 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
A functional prodynorphin promoter polymorphism and opioid dependence
Ray, R., Doyle, G. A. R., Crowley, J. J., Buono, R. J., Oslin, D. W., Patkar, A. A., Mannelli, P., DeMaria, P. A., Brien, C. P. O., & Berrettini, W. H. (2005) · Psychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1097/00041444-200512000-00013 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Nicotinic activation of CRH neurons in extrahypothalamic regions of the rat brain
Matta, S. G., Valentine, J. D., & Sharp, B. M. (1997) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/bf02778147 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
McLeman, E. R., Warsh, J. J., Ang, L. C., Li, P. P., Kalasinsky, K. S., Ross, B. M., Tong, J., Schmunk, G. A., Adams, V. I., & Kish, S. J. (2000) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0742120.x · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Ethanol consumption and reward depend on norepinephrine in the prefrontal cortex
Ventura, R., Carolis, D. D., Alcaro, A., & Puglisi‐Allegra, S. (2006) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/01.wnr.0000239964.83566.75 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Miliaressis, E., & LeMoal, M. (1976) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(76)90163-4 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Reinforcement with intragastric infusions of ethanol: Blocking effect of FLA 57
Davis, W. M., Werner, T. E., & Smith, S. G. (1979) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(79)90038-8 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Genetic variant of prodynorphin gene is risk factor for methamphetamine dependence
Nomura, A., Ujike, H., Tanaka, Y., Otani, K., Morita, Y., Kishimoto, M., Morio, A., Harano, M., Inada, T., Yamada, M., et al. (2006) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2006.02.038 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Effects ofd-amphetamine on concurrent self-stimulation of forebrain and brain stem loci
Koob, G. F., Winger, G. D., Meyerhoff, J. L., & Annau, Z. (1977) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(77)91015-0 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationPan, J.-T., Lookingland, K. J., & Moore, K. E. (1995) · Journal of Biomedical Science · doi:10.1007/bf02257925 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Frerking, M., & Wilson, M. (1999) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2396(19990615)32:4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [1]American Psychiatric Association Diagnositc and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4 American Psychiatric Press Washington, DC, USA 2000
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Neurobiology of addiction: a neurocircuitry analysis
Koob, G. F., & Volkow, N. D. (2016) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(16)00104-8 · Cited by 3,698 · see citing works
Self-citationThe dark side of emotion: the addiction perspective
Koob, G. F. (2015) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.11.044 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Self-citationAddiction is a Reward Deficit and Stress Surfeit Disorder
Koob, G. F. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00072 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Self-citationAlcohol dependence as a chronic pain disorder
Egli, M., Koob, G. F., & Edwards, S. (2012) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.07.010 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Self-citationClarifying the roles of homeostasis and allostasis in physiological regulation.
Ramsay, D. S., & Woods, S. C. (2014) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/a0035942 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Corticosteroid-dependent plasticity mediates compulsive alcohol drinking in rats
Vendruscolo, L. F., Barbier, E., Schlosburg, J. E., Misra, K. K., Whitfield, T. W., Logrip, M. L., Rivier, C., Repunte-Canonigo, V., Zorrilla, E. P., Sanna, P. P., et al. (2012) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0069-12.2012 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Self-citationSex differences in the neural mechanisms mediating addiction: a new synthesis and hypothesis
Becker, J. B., Perry, A. N., & Westenbroek, C. (2012) · Biology of Sex Differences · doi:10.1186/2042-6410-3-14 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Addiction and Stress: An Allostatic View
Koob, G. F., & Schulkin, J. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.008 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Self-citationSex differences in the neurobiology of drug addiction
Bobzean, S. A. M., Nobrega, A. K. D., & Perrotti, L. I. (2014) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.01.022 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Chapter 1. Neurocircuitry of Addiction
Koob, G. F., & Volkow, N. D. (2021) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615373970.kb01 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Self-citationGlucocorticoid receptor antagonism decreases alcohol seeking in alcohol-dependent individuals
Vendruscolo, L. F., Estey, D., Goodell, V., Macshane, L. G., Logrip, M. L., Schlosburg, J. E., McGinn, M. A., Zamora-Martinez, E. R., Belanoff, J. K., Hunt, H. J., et al. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci79828 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Self-citationNeuroscience of Behavioral and Pharmacological Treatments for Addictions
Potenza, M. N., Sofuoglu, M., Carroll, K. M., & Rounsaville, B. J. (2011) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.02.009 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Should Hypersexual Disorder be Classified as an Addiction?
Kor, A., Fogel, Y. A., Reid, R. C., & Potenza, M. N. (2013) · Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity The Journal of Treatment and Prevention · doi:10.1080/10720162.2013.768132 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Edwards, S., Vendruscolo, L. F., Schlosburg, J. E., Misra, K., Wee, S., Park, P. E., Schulteis, G., & Koob, G. F. (2011) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.11.006 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Self-citationEscalation of drug self-administration as a hallmark of persistent addiction liability
Edwards, S., & Koob, G. F. (2013) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0b013e3283644d15 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Self-citationEdwards, S., Baynes, B. B., Carmichael, C. Y., Zamora-Martinez, E. R., Barrus, M. M., Koob, G. F., & Gilpin, N. W. (2013) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2013.70 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Self-citationNeural mechanisms of pain and alcohol dependence
Apkarian, A. V., Neugebauer, V., Koob, G. F., Edwards, S., Levine, J. D., Ferrari, L. F., Egli, M., & Regunathan, S. (2013) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2013.09.008 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationThe role of stress in drug addiction. An integrative review
Ruisoto, P., & Contador, I. (2019) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.01.022 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Ouzir, M., & Errami, M. (2016) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2016.06.005 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Edwards, S., Guerrero, M. A., Ghoneim, O. M., Roberts, E., & Koob, G. F. (2011) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2010.00291.x · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citationHampered long-term depression and thin spine loss in the nucleus accumbens of ethanol-dependent rats
Spiga, S., Talani, G., Mulas, G., Licheri, V., Fois, G. R., Muggironi, G., Masala, N., Cannizzaro, C., Biggio, G., Sanna, E., et al. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1406768111 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Neuroclinical Framework for the Role of Stress in Addiction
Kwako, L. E., & Koob, G. F. (2017) · Chronic Stress · doi:10.1177/2470547017698140 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citationThe neurobiological reward system in Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD): A systematic review
Kakarala, S. E., Roberts, K. E., Rogers, M., Coats, T., Falzarano, F., Gang, J., Chilov, M., Avery, J., Maciejewski, P. K., Lichtenthal, W. G., et al. (2020) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111135 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
At the intersection of alcohol use disorder and chronic pain.
Maleki, N., Tahaney, K. D., Thompson, B., & Oscar‐Berman, M. (2019) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/neu0000558 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Evidence that anhedonia is a symptom of opioid dependence associated with recent use
Garfield, J. B. B., Cotton, S., Allen, N. B., Cheetham, A., Kras, M., Yücel, M., & Lubman, D. I. (2017) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.03.012 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Circadian Mechanisms Underlying Reward-Related Neurophysiology and Synaptic Plasticity
Parekh, P. K., & McClung, C. A. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00187 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Sheffer, C. E., Bickel, W. K., Brandon, T. H., Franck, C. T., Deen, D., Panissidi, L., Abdali, S. A., Pittman, J. C., Lunden, S. E., Prashad, N., et al. (2017) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.037 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Park, P. E., Schlosburg, J. E., Vendruscolo, L. F., Schulteis, G., Edwards, S., & Koob, G. F. (2015) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.12120 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationPang, R. D., Khoddam, R., Guillot, C. R., & Leventhal, A. M. (2014) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.15288/jsad.2014.75.775 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Ejaculation Induced by the Activation of Crz Neurons Is Rewarding to Drosophila Males
Zer-Krispil, S., Zak, H., Shao, L., Ben-Shaanan, S., Tordjman, L., Bentzur, A., Shmueli, A., & Shohat-Ophir, G. (2018) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.03.039 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Anderson, A. C., Youssef, G. J., Robinson, A. H., Lubman, D. I., & Verdejo‐García, A. (2021) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.15469 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Hill-Bowen, L. D., Riedel, M. C., Poudel, R., Salo, T., Flannery, J. S., Camilleri, J. A., Eickhoff, S. B., Laird, A. R., & Sutherland, M. T. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.08.010 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Kallupi, M., Wee, S., Edwards, S., Whitfield, T. W., Oleata, C. S., Luu, G., Schmeichel, B. E., Koob, G. F., & Roberto, M. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.04.028 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationBiases in the Explore–Exploit Tradeoff in Addictions: The Role of Avoidance of Uncertainty
Morris, L. S., Baek, K., Kundu, P., Harrison, N. A., Frank, M. J., & Voon, V. (2015) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2015.208 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Koob, G. F. (2017) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-016-4484-6 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationAoun, E. G., Jimenez, V. A., Vendruscolo, L. F., Walter, N. A. R., Barbier, E., Ferrulli, A., Haass-Koffler, C. L., Darakjian, P., Lee, M. R., Addolorato, G., et al. (2018) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2017.97 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationStress and Addiction: When a Robust Stress Response Indicates Resiliency
Al’Absi, M. (2017) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000520 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Rethinking Dual Disorders/Pathology
Szerman, N., Martı́nez-Raga, J., Peris, L., Roncero, C., Basurte-Villamor, I., Vega, P., Ruiz, P., & Casas, M. (2013) · Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment · doi:10.1097/adt.0b013e31826e7b6a · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Divergent regulation of distinct glucocorticoid systems in alcohol dependence
Edwards, S., Little, H. J., Richardson, H. N., & Vendruscolo, L. F. (2015) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2015.04.004 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationStress response dysregulation and stress-induced analgesia in nicotine dependent men and women
al’Absi, M., Nakajima, M., & Grabowski, J. (2013) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.12.007 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
The NK1 Receptor Antagonist L822429 Reduces Heroin Reinforcement
Barbier, E., Vendruscolo, L. F., Schlosburg, J. E., Edwards, S., Juergens, N., Park, P. E., Misra, K., Cheng, K., Rice, K. C., Schank, J. R., et al. (2012) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2012.261 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationEndocannabinoid Signaling in Motivation, Reward, and Addiction
Sagheddu, C., Muntoni, A. L., Pistis, M., & Melis, M. (2015) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2015.10.004 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
A review of the neurobiological underpinning of comorbid substance use and mood disorders
Gómez‐Coronado, N., Sethi, R., Bortolasci, C. C., Arancini, L., Berk, M., & Dodd, S. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.08.041 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
The affective dimension of pain as a risk factor for drug and alcohol addiction
LeBlanc, D. M., McGinn, M. A., Itoga, C. A., & Edwards, S. (2015) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2015.04.005 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationCurrie, C. L., Copeland, J. L., Metz, G. A. S., Moon-Riley, K. C., & Davies, C. M. (2019) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000754 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Bidirectional role of acupuncture in the treatment of drug addiction
Lee, M. Y., Lee, B. H., Kim, H. Y., & Yang, C. H. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.004 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Reward loss and addiction: Opportunities for cross-pollination
Ortega, L. A., Solano, J. L., Torres, C., & Papini, M. R. (2017) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2017.02.001 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Zamora-Martinez, E. R., & Edwards, S. (2014) · Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnint.2014.00024 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationExperimental Psychiatric Illness and Drug Abuse Models: From Human to Animal, an Overview
Edwards, S., & Koob, G. F. (2011) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-458-2_2 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citation(2020) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2020.03.012 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Use of Novel Technology-Based Techniques to Improve Alcohol-Related Outcomes in Clinical Trials
Gurvich, E. M., Kenna, G. A., & Leggio, L. (2013) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agt134 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
A Possible Role of Anhedonia as Common Substrate for Depression and Anxiety
Grillo, L. (2016) · Depression Research and Treatment · doi:10.1155/2016/1598130 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Steel, T. L., Afshar, M., Edwards, S., Jolley, S. E., Timko, C., Clark, B. J., Douglas, I. S., Dzierba, A. L., Gershengorn, H. B., Gilpin, N. W., et al. (2021) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.202108-1845st · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationHarrod, S. B., Lacy, R. T., Zhu, J., Hughes, B. A., Perna, M. K., & Brown, R. W. (2011) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.20975 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Pahng, A. R., Paulsen, R. I., McGinn, M. A., Edwards, K. N., & Edwards, S. (2017) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.09.055 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationA critical scoping review about the impact of music in the lives of young adults who use drugs
Lemaire, E. C., Loignon, C., & Bertrand, K. (2020) · Drug and Alcohol Review · doi:10.1111/dar.13136 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Koob, G. F., Kandel, D. B., Baler, R., & Volkow, N. D. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-42825-9_29-1 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationNeurobiological aspects of pain in the context of alcohol use disorder
Cucinello‐Ragland, J. A., & Edwards, S. (2020) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2020.09.001 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationBrandner, A. J., Baratta, A. M., Rathod, R. S., Ferguson, C., Taylor, B. K., & Farris, S. P. (2023) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2023.02.024 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Future perspectives of emerging novel drug targets and immunotherapies to control drug addiction
Malik, J. A., & Agrewala, J. N. (2023) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110210 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Lacy, R. T., Hord, L. L., Morgan, A., & Harrod, S. B. (2012) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.01.025 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
McGinn, M. A., Edwards, K. N., & Edwards, S. (2020) · Neurobiology of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ynpai.2020.100052 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationNeuroplasticity of the extended amygdala in opioid withdrawal and prolonged opioid abstinence
Kaplan, G. B., & Thompson, B. (2023) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1253736 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Ross, C. S., Brooks, D. R., Aschengrau, A., Siegel, M., Weinberg, J., & Shrier, L. A. (2017) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.07.020 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Highway to hell or magic smoke? The dose-dependence of Δ9-THC in place conditioning paradigmsPreprint
Kubilius, R. A., Kaplick, P. M., & Wotjak, C. T. (2018) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.046870.117 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
The prefrontal cortex as a critical gate of negative affect and motivation in alcohol use disorder
Pahng, A. R., McGinn, M. A., Paulsen, R. I., & Edwards, S. (2017) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.11.004 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationMorgan, A., Harrod, S. B., Lacy, R. T., Stanley, E. M., & Fadel, J. R. (2013) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.04.003 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The Convergent Neuroscience of Affective Pain and Substance Use Disorder
Pahng, A. R. (2021) · Alcohol research · doi:10.35946/arcr.v41.1.14 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Alongkronrusmee, D., Chiang, T., & van Rijn, R. M. (2016) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.08.017 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Homer2 and Alcohol: A Mutual Interaction
Castelli, V., Brancato, A., Cavallaro, A., Lavanco, G., & Cannizzaro, C. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00268 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Combined Pharmacotherapies for the Management of Alcoholism: Rationale and Evidence to Date
Lee, M. R., & Leggio, L. (2014) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-013-0137-z · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Chronic Pain in Relation to Depressive Disorders and Alcohol Abuse
Maleki, N., & Oscar‐Berman, M. (2020) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci10110826 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Ramsay, D. S., Woods, S. C., & Kaiyala, K. J. (2014) · Temperature · doi:10.4161/23328940.2014.944809 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Sampedro‐Piquero, P., Moreno‐Fernández, R. D., Begega, A., López, M., & Santín, L. J. (2022) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.13158 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Advancing Pharmacotherapy Development from Preclinical Animal Studies
Egli, M. (2018) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/164_2017_85 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Simon, L., Edwards, S., & Molina, P. E. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.758230 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationMeasuring Pain Avoidance‐Like Behavior in Drug‐Dependent Rats
Pahng, A. R., & Edwards, S. (2018) · Current Protocols in Neuroscience · doi:10.1002/cpns.53 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationIyer, V., Woodward, T. J., Pacheco, R., & Hohmann, A. G. (2021) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108925 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
McGinn, M. A., Paulsen, R. I., Itoga, C. A., Farooq, M. A., Reppel, J. E., Edwards, K. N., Whitaker, A. M., Gilpin, N. W., & Edwards, S. (2016) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.13258 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationHaass‐Koffler, C. L., Long, V. M., Farokhnia, M., Magill, M., Kenna, G. A., Swift, R. M., & Leggio, L. (2019) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107711 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Nelson, J. C., Greengrove, E., Nwachukwu, K. N., Grifasi, I. R., & Marshall, S. A. (2021) · Journal of Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.31083/j.jin2004094 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Brancato, A., Castelli, V., Cannizzaro, C., & Tringali, G. (2022) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110699 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Wang, F., JING, X., Yang, J., Wang, H., Xiang, R., Han, W., Liu, X., & WU, C. (2016) · Physiological Research · doi:10.33549/physiolres.933106 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Brain Nicotinic Receptors as Emerging Targets for Drug Addiction
Rahman, S. (2011) · Progress in molecular biology and translational science · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-385506-0.00008-9 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Nedeljković, S. S., Song, I., Bao, X., Zeballos, J., Correll, D., Zhang, Y., Ledley, J., Bhandari, A. A., Bai, X. S., Lee, S. R., et al. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Anesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.jclinane.2021.110576 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Smith, M. L., Li, J., & Ryabinin, A. E. (2014) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agu084 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Milanesi, L. H., Roversi, K., Antoniazzi, C. T. D. D., Segat, H. J., Kronbauer, M., D’avila, L. F., Dias, V. T., Sari, M. H. M., Barcelos, R. C. S., Maurer, L. H., et al. (2017) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2017.09.048 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Campos‐Jurado, Y., Lorente, J. D., González-Romero, J. L., Granero, L. M., Polache, A., & Hipólito, L. (2020) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001915 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Koob, G. F., Kandel, D. B., Baler, R., & Volkow, N. D. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118753378.ch22 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationNeuropeptide and cytokine regulation of pain in the context of substance use disorders
Delery, E., & Edwards, S. (2020) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108153 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationLearning and Memory in Addiction
Carmack, S. A., Koob, G. F., & Anagnostaras, S. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809324-5.21101-2 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationCurrie, C. L., Motz, T., & Copeland, J. L. (2020) · Journal of Urban Health · doi:10.1007/s11524-020-00446-6 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Zhu, J., Zhu, F., Zhao, N., Mu, X. N., Li, P., Wang, W. T., Liu, J., & Ma, X. (2016) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.23913 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Within and Beyond the Binary: Sex and Gender Differences in Pain and Alcohol Use Disorder
Fitzpatrick‐Schmidt, T., & Edwards, S. (2023) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-023-00534-y · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationConsommation de tabac et trouble lié à l’usage de substances illicites : que devrions-nous faire ?
Karila, L., Petit, A., Zarmdini, R., Coscas, S., Lowenstein, W., & Reynaud, M. (2013) · La Presse Médicale · doi:10.1016/j.lpm.2012.11.015 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Karlsson, C., Aziz, A. M. A., Rehman, F., Pitcairn, C., Barchiesi, R., Barbier, E., Hansen, M. W., Gehlert, D. R., Steensland, P., Heilig, M. A., et al. (2016) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.13181 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Cucinello‐Ragland, J. A., Mitchell‐Cleveland, R., Trimble, W. B., Urbina, A. P., Yeh, A. Y., Edwards, K. N., Molina, P. E., Peter, L. S., & Edwards, S. (2021) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136119 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationBlum, K., Fornari, F., Downs, B. W., Roger, L., Giordano, J., Smolen, A., Lui, Y., Tain, J., Majmundar, N. J., & Eric, R. (2011) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/20067 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Sable, H. J. K., Paige, N. B., Nalan, P. A., Pace, R. L., Hicks, C. B., Regan, S. L., Williams, M. T., Vorhees, C. V., & Lester, D. B. (2024) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.12.037 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Smith, R. C., Feldner, M. T., & Badour, C. L. (2011) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.5127/jep.011310 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
- Authors
- Edwards, S., & Koob, G. F.
- Affiliations
- Scripps Research Institute (US)
- Venue
- Future Neurology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2010-05-05
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 393-410
- ISSN
- 1479-6708 (ISSN-L)
- 1748-6971
- PMC
- PMC2886284
- OpenAlex
- W2163582947
- Semantic Scholar
- 543b3e9c9f2569f1549b9b9f2e206e9c70e83938
- Cited by
- 157
- References
- 184
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 4.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Future Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01AA008459, F32AA018250, P50AA006420, R37AA008459, P60AA006420)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA010072, R01DA023597, R01DA004398, R01DA004043, R01DA023957)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P01DK026741)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- drug addiction, motivation system, negative reinforcement, positive reinforcement, brain reward system, extended amygdala, stress system, compulsivity, drug-seeking behavior, drug use behavior, addiction treatment
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review