Cited by 112Sleep and Wakefulness ResearchCircadian rhythm and melatoninNeuroscience of respiration and sleep

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Humoral regulation of physiological sleep: cytokines and GHRH

Krueger, Obál, Jr, Fang·1999·Journal of Sleep Research

DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2869.1999.00009.x

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Abstract

Interleukin‐1, tumour necrosis factor, and growth hormone releasing hormone form part of the humoral mechanisms regulating physiological sleep. Their injection enhances non‐rapid‐eye‐movement sleep whereas their inhibition reduces spontaneous sleep and sleep rebound after sleep deprivation. Changes in their mRNA levels and changes in their protein levels in the brain are consistent within their proposed role in sleep regulation. Furthermore, results from transgenic and mutant animals also are suggestive of their role in sleep regulation. The sites responsible for the growth hormone releasing hormone somnogenic activity seem to reside in the anterior hypothalamus/basal forebrain. Somnogenic sites for interleukin‐1 and tumour necrosis factor likely include the anterior hypothalamus, but also may extend beyond that area. These substances elicit non‐rapid‐eye‐movement sleep via a biochemical cascade that includes other known sleep regulatory substances.

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Authors: Krueger, Obál, Jr., & Fang
Affiliations: Washington State University (US)
Corresponding author: Krueger
Venue: Journal of Sleep Research
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 1999-03
Volume: 8
Issue: S1
Pages: 53-59
ISSN: 0962-1105 (ISSN-L)
1365-2869
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2869.1999.00009.x
OpenAlex: W1990291441
Cited by: 112
References: 38
Citations by year: 2025: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 9.82
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 1041 d)
Locations: Journal of Sleep Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-27250, NS-31453, NS-25378, R01NS031453, R01NS027250, R01NS025378)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
Keywords: sleep regulation, cytokines, interleukin-1, TNF-α, growth hormone-releasing hormone, NREM sleep, sleep deprivation, sleep rebound, anterior hypothalamus, basal forebrain
MeSH terms: Animals, Circadian Rhythm, Hypothalamus, Interleukin-1, Prostaglandins, RNA, Messenger, Sleep, REM, Somatostatin, Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Rats

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Humoral regulation of physiological sleep: cytokines and GHRH

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