Cited by 1,952Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, PhenomenaStellar, planetary, and galactic studiesCosmology and Gravitation Theories

Hierarchical galaxy formation

Open access
Cole, Shaun, Lacey, Cedric G., Baugh, Carlton M., Frenk, Carlos S.·2002·Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

Abstract

We describe the GALFORM semi-analytic model for calculating the formation and evolution of galaxies in hierarchical models. It improves upon, and extends, the Cole et al 1994 model. The model employs a new Monte-Carlo algorithm to follow the merging evolution of dark matter halos with arbitrary mass resolution. It incorporates realistic descriptions of the density profiles of dark matter halos and their gas content; follows the chemical evolution of gas and stars, and the associated production of dust; and includes a detailed calculation of the sizes of disks and spheroids. Wherever possible, our prescriptions for modelling individual physical processes are based on results of numerical simulations. We apply our methods to the LCDM cosmology (Omega_0=0.3, Lambda_0=0.7), and find good agreement with a wide range of properties of the local galaxy population: the B-band and K-band luminosity functions, the distribution of colours for the population as a whole, the ratio of ellipticals to spirals, the distribution of disk sizes, and the current cold gas content of disks. (Abridged)

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03879.x

Cites

179 of 179 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 18

  1. Balbi E. et al., 2000, ApJ, submitted (astro-ph/0005124) · arXiv
  2. Benson A. J., Pearce F. R., Frenk C. S., Baugh C. M., Jenkins A., 2000c, MNRAS, submitted (astro-ph/9912220) · arXiv
  3. Binney J., Tremaine S., 1987, Galactic Dynamics. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, New Jersey
  4. Bower R. G., Benson A. J., Baugh C. M., Cole S., Frenk C. S., Lacey C. G., 2000, MNRAS, submitted (astro-ph/0006109) · arXiv
  5. Broeils A. H., 1992, PhD thesis, Univ. Groningen
  6. Buchhorn M., 1992, PhD thesis, Australian National Univ.
  7. Bullock J. S., Kolatt T. S., Sigad Y., Somerville R. S., Kravtsov A. V., Klypin A. A., Primack J. R., Dekel A., 1999, MNRAS, submitted (astro-ph/9908159) · arXiv
  8. Combes F., 1999, in Hammer F., Thuan T. X., Cayatte V., Guiderdoni B., Tran Thanh Van J., eds, Proc. of Rencontres de Moriond, Building Galaxies: from the Primordial Universe to the Present. Editions Frontie `res, Gif-sur-Yvette (astro-ph/9904031) · arXiv
  9. Freedman W. L., Mould J. R., Kennicutt R. C., Madore B. F., 1999, in Katsuhito S., ed., Proc. IAU Symp. 183, Cosmological Parameters and the Evolution of the Universe. Kluwer, Dordrecht, p. 17 (astro-ph/ 9801080)
  10. Granato G. L., Lacey C. G., Silva L., Bressan A., Baugh C. M., Cole S., Frenk C. S., 2000, ApJ, in press (astro-ph/0001308) · arXiv
  11. Hannay S. et al., 2000, ApJ, submitted (astro-ph/0005123) · arXiv
  12. Jenkins A., Frenk C. S., White S. D. M., Colberg J. M., Cole S., Evrard A. E., Yoshida N., 2000, MNRAS, in press
  13. Lange A. E. et al., 2000 (astro-ph/0005004) · arXiv
  14. Press W. H., Schechter P., 1974, ApJ, 187, 425
  15. Sellwood J. A., 1999, in Sellwood J. A., Goodman J., eds, Astrophysical Discs - An EC Summer School, ASP Conf. Ser., Vol. 160. Astron. Soc. Pac., San Francisco, p. 327
  16. Somerville R. S., 1997, PhD thesis, Univ. of California, Santa Cruz
  17. Thacker R. J., Tittley E. R., Pearce F. R., Couchman H. M. P., Thomas P. A., 2000, MNRAS, submitted (astro-ph/9809221) · arXiv
  18. Wu K. K. S., Fabian A. C., Nulsen P. E. J., 2000, MNRAS, submitted (astro-ph/9907112) · arXiv

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Cole, S., Lacey, C. G., Baugh, C. M., & Frenk, C. S.
Affiliations
  • Durham University (GB)
  • University of Copenhagen (DK)
Corresponding author
Cole, Shaun
Venue
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Published
2002-04-04
Volume
319
Issue
1
Pages
168-204
ISSN
  • 0035-8711 (ISSN-L)
  • 1365-2966
OpenAlex
W1929623410
Cited by
1,952
References
179
Citations by year
2026: 37 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 74 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 81 · 2016: 93 · 2015: 65 · 2014: 76 · 2013: 82 · 2012: 91
FWCI
78.89
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (publishedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion)
  • Durham Research Online (Durham University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
Keywords
hierarchical galaxy formation, dark matter halo mergers, halo density profiles, dust formation, luminosity function, galaxy color

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review