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A non‐amyloidogenic function of BACE‐2 in the secretory pathway
Abstract
β‐Site amyloid precursor protein cleavage enzyme (BACE)‐1 and BACE‐2 are members of a novel family of membrane‐bound aspartyl proteases. While BACE‐1 is known to cleave β‐amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) at the β‐secretase site and to be required for the generation of amyloid β‐peptide (Aβ), the role of its homologue BACE‐2 in amyloidogenesis is less clear. We now demonstrate that BACE‐1 and BACE‐2 have distinct specificities in cleavage of βAPP in cultured cells. Radiosequencing of the membrane‐bound C‐terminal cleavage product revealed that BACE‐2 cleaves βAPP in the middle of the Aβ domain between phenylalanines 19 and 20, resulting in increased secretion of APPs‐α‐ and p3‐like products and reduced production of Aβ species. This cleavage can occur in the Golgi and later secretory compartments. We also demonstrate that BACE‐1‐mediated cleavage of βAPP at Asp1 of the Aβ domain can occur as early as in the endoplasmic reticulum, while cleavage at Glu11 occurs in later compartments. These data indicate that the distinct specificities of BACE‐1 and BACE‐2 in their cleavage of βAPP differentially affect the generation of Aβ.
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High overexpression of BACE1 decreases Aβ levels in cell culture and transgenic mice by additional cleavages within Aβ.
“High overexpression of BACE1 was also shown to decrease A levels in cell culture and transgenic mice by additional cleavages within A (Fluhrer et al., 2002(Fluhrer et al., , 2003;;Liu et al., 2002;Lee et al., 2005).”
From GGA1 Is Expressed in the Human Brain and Affects the Generation of Amyloid β-Peptide (2006) · cites this paper as Fluhrer et al., 2002
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“BACE-1 and its homologue BACE-2 are type I membrane proteins sharing significant homology with other members of the aspartyl protease family (Fan et al. 1999; Hussain et al. 1999; Saunders et al. 1999; Sinha et al. 1999; Vassar et al. 1999; Yan et al. 1999; Acquati et al. 2000; Lin et al. 2000).”
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Self-citationProteases and Proteolysis in Alzheimer Disease: A Multifactorial View on the Disease Process
De Strooper, B. (2010) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00023.2009 · Cited by 455
Ling, Y., Morgan, K., & Kalsheker, N. (2003) · The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/s1357-2725(03)00133-x · Cited by 224
BACE2 processes PMEL to form the melanosome amyloid matrix in pigment cells
Rochin, L., Hurbain, I., Serneels, L., Fort, C., Watt, B., Leblanc, P., Marks, M. S., De Strooper, B., Raposo, G., & van Niel, G. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1220748110 · Cited by 186
Alić, I., Goh, P. A., Murray, A., Portelius, E., Gkanatsiou, E., Gough, G., Mok, K. Y., Koschut, D., Brunmeir, R., Yeap, Y. J., et al. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-020-0806-5 · Cited by 123
GGA1 Is Expressed in the Human Brain and Affects the Generation of Amyloid β-Peptide
Wahle, T., Thal, D. R., Sastre, M., Rentmeister, A., Bogdanovic, N., Famulok, M., Heneka, M. T., & Walter, J. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1982-06.2006 · Cited by 88
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Is It the Twilight of BACE1 Inhibitors?
Hrabinova, M., Pejchal, J., Kucera, T., Jun, D., Schmidt, M., & Soukup, O. (2020) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x18666200503023323 · Cited by 28
Metadata
- Authors
- Fluhrer, R., Capell, A., Westmeyer, G., Willem, M., Hartung, B., Condron, M. M., Teplow, D. B., Haass, C., & Walter, J.
- Venue
- Journal of Neurochemistry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2002-05-21
- Volume
- 81
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1011-1020
- ISSN
- 0022-3042
- 1471-4159
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 5
- Language
- en
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