Epidemiology as a Guide to Clinical Decisions: The Association between Triglyceride and Coronary Heart Disease

Hulley, Stephen B.; Rosenman, Ray H.; Bawol, Richard D.; Brand, Richard J.

doi:10.1056/nejm198006193022503

Cited by 702Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular HealthDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsCardiovascular Health and Risk Factors

Epidemiology as a Guide to Clinical Decisions: The Association between Triglyceride and Coronary Heart Disease

Hulley, Stephen B., Rosenman, Ray H., Bawol, Richard D., Brand, Richard J.·1980·New England Journal of Medicine

DOI 10.1056/nejm198006193022503

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The hypothesis that triglyceride is a cause of coronary heart disease, although unconfirmed and never universally accepted, has nonetheless strongly influenced the practice of preventive medicine. We have examined the epidemiologic association between triglyceride and coronary heart disease to evaluate the validity of inferring that there is a causal relation between the two. Neither the evidence from published studies nor an analysis of data from the Western Collaborative Group Study provides strong support for the causal hypothesis. Information from other scientific disciplines is also meager, contrasting with the coherence of diverse evidence supporting the hypothesis that cholesterol is a cause of coronary heart disease. These arguments fall short of disproving the belief that lowering triglyceride will prevent coronary heart disease, especially since triglyceride and cholesterol are inextricably associated through mutual lipoprotein carriers. But we propose that the ethics of preventive medicine place the burden of proof on the proponents of intervention. We therefore recommend that widespread screening and treatment of healthy persons for hypertriglyceridemia be abandoned until more persuasive evidence becomes available.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1056/nejm198006193022503

Cites

87 of 87 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Observational studies and clinical trials have consistently demonstrated the lowest risk of incident and recurrent CVD in association with the lowest fasting triglyceride levels.
“observational studies and clinical trials 3,232,367,374 -380 that have consistently demonstrated the lowest risk of incident and recurrent CVD in association with the lowest fasting triglyceride levels.”
From Triglycerides and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2011) · cites this paper as [3]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Serum cholesterol, lipoproteins, and the risk of coronary heart disease. The Framingham study.
Kannel, W., Castelli, W., Gordon, T., & McNamara, P. M. (2020) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-74-1-1 · Cited by 2,160 · see citing works
Fat Transport in Lipoproteins — An Integrated Approach to Mechanisms and Disorders
Fredrickson, D. S., Levy, R. I., & Lees, R. S. (1967) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm196701052760107 · Cited by 1,911 · see citing works
Clofibrate and Niacin in Coronary Heart Disease
Stamler, J. (1975) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1975.03240160024021 · Cited by 1,750 · see citing works
HDL cholesterol and other lipids in coronary heart disease. The cooperative lipoprotein phenotyping study
Castelli, W. P., Doyle, J. T., Gordon, T., Hames, C. G., Hjortland, M. C., Hulley, S. B., Kagan, A., & Zukel, W. J. (1977) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.55.5.767 · Cited by 1,492 · see citing works
Self-citation
Cholesterol in the Prediction of Atherosclerotic Disease
Kannel, W. B., Castelli, W. P., & Gordon, T. (1979) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-90-1-85 · Cited by 1,314 · see citing works
Coronary heart disease in Western Collaborative Group Study. Final follow-up experience of 8 1/2 years
Rosenman, R. H. (1975) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.233.8.872 · Cited by 1,278 · see citing works
Self-citation
A co-operative trial in the primary prevention of ischaemic heart disease using clofibrate. Report from the Committee of Principal Investigators.
Oliver, M., Heady, J., Morris, J. N., Cooper, J., Geizerova, H., Gyárfás, I., Green, K., Strasser, T., Macfie, W. G., Scott, E., et al. (1978) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.40.10.1069 · Cited by 1,047 · see citing works
Effect of Weight Loss without Salt Restriction on the Reduction of Blood Pressure in Overweight Hypertensive Patients
Reisin, E., Abel, R., Modan, M., Silverberg, D. S., Eliahou, H. E., & Modan, B. (1978) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197801052980101 · Cited by 759 · see citing works
ISCHÆMIC HEART-DISEASE IN RELATION TO FASTING VALUES OF PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDES AND CHOLESTEROL
Carlson, L., & Böttiger, L. E. (1972) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(72)90738-6 · Cited by 752 · see citing works
Hyperlipidemia in Coronary Heart Disease I. LIPID LEVELS IN 500 SURVIVORS OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Goldstein, J. L., Hazzard, W. R., Schrott, H. G., Bierman, E. L., & Motulsky, A. G. (1973) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci107331 · Cited by 621 · see citing works
A Predictive Study of Coronary Heart Disease
Rosenman, R. H., Friedman, M., Straus, R., Wurm, M., Kositchek, R. J., Hahn, W., & Werthessen, N. T. (1964) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1964.03070010021004 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Self-citation
Increased Absenteeism from Work after Detection and Labeling of Hypertensive Patients
Haynes, R. B., Sackett, D. L., Taylor, D. W., Gibson, E. S., & Johnson, A. L. (1978) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197810052991403 · Cited by 511 · see citing works
Serum Triglycerides in Coronary Artery Disease
Albrink, M. J. (1959) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1959.00270010010002 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Coronary heart disease in the Western Collaborative Group Study
Rosenman, R. H., Friedman, M., Straus, R., Jenkins, C. D., Zyzanski, S. J., & Wurm, M. (1970) · Journal of Chronic Diseases · doi:10.1016/0021-9681(70)90094-9 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Self-citation
Multivariate prediction of coronary heart disease during 8.5 year follow-up in the western collaborative group study
Rosenman, R. H., Brand, R., Sholtz, R. I., & Friedman, M. (1976) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(76)90117-x · Cited by 438 · see citing works
Self-citation
Do No Harm
Jonsen, A. R. (1978) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-88-6-827 · Cited by 414 · see citing works
Multivariate Analysis of Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease
Wilhelmsen, L., Wedel, H., & Tibblin, G. (1973) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.48.5.950 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Serum Lipids in Men with Myocardial Infarction
Carlson, L. A. (1960) · Acta Medica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1960.tb03562.x · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Serum lipids, hypertension and coronary artery disease
Albrink, M. J., Meigs, J. W., & Man, E. B. (1961) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(61)90220-0 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
The Coronary Drug Project
(1972) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1972.03200070084015 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Risk factors for myocardial infarction in the Stockholm prospective study. A 14-year follow-up focussing on the role of plasma triglycerides and cholesterol.
Carlson, L. A., Böttiger, L. E., & åhfeldt, P. (1979) · PubMed · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Medical Technology — A Different View of the Contentious Debate over Costs
Moloney, T. W., & Rogers, D. E. (1979) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197912273012603 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
SERUM-TRIGLYCERIDE LEVELS IN SOUTH AFRICAN EUROPEANS AND BANTU AND IN ISCHÆMIC HEART-DISEASE
Antonis, A., & Bersohn, I. (1960) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(60)90886-2 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Determinants and prediction of transmural myocardial perfusion.
Hoffman, J. I. E. (1978) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.58.3.381 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Risk Factors for Myocardial Infarction in the Stockholm Prospective Study
Carlson, L. A., Böttiger, L. E., & åhfeldt, P. (1979) · Acta Medica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1979.tb13526.x · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Epidemiologic studies of coronary heart disease and stroke in Japanese men living in Japan, Hawaii and California
Robertson, T. L., Kato, H., Gordon, T., Kagan, A., Rhoads, G. G., Land, C. E., Worth, R. M., Belsky, J. L., Dock, D. S., Miyanishi, M., et al. (1977) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(77)80198-7 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
The Recent Decline in Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality
Stern, M. P. (1979) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-91-4-630 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Diet-Heart: End of an Era
Mann, G. V. (1977) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197709222971206 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
HUMORAL CHANGES IN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS INVESTIGATIONS ON LIPIDS, FATTY ACIDS, KETONE BODIES, PYRUVIC ACID, LACTIC ACID, AND GLUCOSE IN THE BLOOD
Schrade, W., Böhle, E., & Biegler, R. (1960) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(60)92565-4 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Lipid and carbohydrate abnormalities in patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease
Heinle, R. A., Levy, R. I., Frederickson, D. S., & Gorlin, R. (1969) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(69)90401-9 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
The relationship of dietary cholesterol to serum cholesterol concentration and to atherosclerosis in man
McGill, H. C. (1979) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/32.12.2664 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
George Lyman Duff Memorial Lecture. Lifestyles, major risk factors, proof and public policy.
Stamler, J. (1978) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.58.1.3 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Risk factors for myocardial infarction and death due to ischemic heart disease and other causes
Tibblin, G., Wilhelmsen, L., & Werkö, L. (1975) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(75)90834-6 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Serum Triglycerides in Health and in Ischemic Heart Disease
Brown, D. F., Kinch, S. H., & Doyle, J. T. (1965) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm196510282731802 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Plasma triglyceride response to carbohydrates, fats and caloric intake
Nestel, P. J., Carroll, K. F., & Havenstein, N. (1970) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(70)90112-5 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
CAUSATION AND DISEASE: A CHRONOLOGICAL JOURNEY
Evans, A. S. (1978) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112617 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Cellular Mechanisms for Lipid Deposition in Atherosclerosis
Bleich, H. L., Boro, E. S., & SMALL, D. M. (1977) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197710202971608 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
CANCER AMONG MEN ON CHOLESTEROL-LOWERING DIETS
Ederer, F., Leren, P., Turpeinen, O., & Frantz, I. (1971) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(71)90911-1 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Relationship between plasma lipid concentrations and coronary artery disease in 496 patients.
Gotto, A. M., Gorry, G. A., Thompson, J. R., Cole, J. S., Trost, R., Yeshurun, D., & DeBakey, M. E. (1977) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.56.5.875 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Drugs Spotlight Program: The Management of Hyperlipidemia: Whether, Rather than How
AHRENS, E. H. (1976) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-85-1-87 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Association of serum lipids and obesity with cardiovascular mortality.
Pelkonen, R., Nikkilä, E., Koskinen, S., Penttinen, K., & Sarna, S. J. (1977) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.2.6096.1185 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
INFLUENCE OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION ON PLASMA-LIPOPROTEIN CONCENTRATION
Dodds, C., & MILLS, G. L. (1959) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(59)91178-x · Cited by 122 · see citing works
The Coronary Drug Project. Findings leading to discontinuation of the 2.5-mg day estrogen group. The coronary Drug Project Research Group
(1973) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.226.6.652 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Dietary Fats, Carbohydrates and Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease
McGandy, R. B., Hegsted, D. M., & Stare, F. J. (1967) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm196707272770405 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Treatment of hyperlipidemias
Strisower, E. H., Adamson, G. L., & Strisower, B. (1968) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(68)90165-4 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Diagnoses and management of hyperlipoproteinemia
Levy, R. I., & Fredrigkson, D. S. (1968) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(68)90165-3 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Serum Lipoprotein Abnormalities in Patients with Ischaemic Heart Disease: Comparisons with a Control Population
Lewis, B., Chait, A., Oakley, C. M., Wootton, I. D. P., Krikler, D. M., Onitiri, A. C., Sigurdsson, G. T., & February, A. (1974) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.3.5929.489 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM IN MAN
Grundy, S. M. (1955) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1955.tb49338.x · Cited by 97 · see citing works
DIETARY FATS AND CORONARY HEART DISEASE: UNFINISHED BUSINESS
AHRENS, E. H. (1979) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(79)92827-7 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Serum Lipids During the Course of an Acute Myocardial Infarction and one Year Afterwards
Tibblin, G., & Cramér, K. (1963) · Acta Medica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1963.tb07944.x · Cited by 91 · see citing works
LIPID AND FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION OF CORONARY AND CEREBRAL ARTERIES AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Böttcher, C. J. F., Houte, E. B., Romeny-Wachter, C. C. T. H., Woodford, F. P., & van Gent, C. M. (1960) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(60)92354-0 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Natural history of myocardial infarction in the coronary drug project: Long-term prognostic importance of serum lipid levels
(1978) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(78)90946-3 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Coronary Angiographic Findings in Correlation with Age, Body Weight, Blood Pressure, Serum Lipids, and Smoking Habits
Cramér, K., Paulin, S. J., & Werkö, L. (1966) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.33.6.888 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Research related to risk factors.
Stamler, J. (1979) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.60.7.1575 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Diet-coronary heart disease relationships reconnoitered
Glueck, C. J., & CONNOR, W. E. (1978) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/31.5.727 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Fats and atheroma: an inquest.
McMICHAEL, J. (1979) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.1.6157.173 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Coronary risk factors and autopsy findings in Japanese-American men.
Rhoads, G. G., Blackwelder, W. C., Stemmermann, G. N., Hayashi, T., & Kagan, A. (1978) · PubMed · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Blood lipids and lipoproteins in atherogenesis
Brown, D. F. (1969) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(69)90021-7 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Serum Lipid Levels in Angiographically Defined Coronary Artery Disease
Cohn, P. F., GABBAY, S. I., & WEGLICKI, W. B. (1976) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-84-3-241 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Serum Lipids, Intravenous Glucose Tolerance and Their Interrelation Studied in Ischaemic Cardiovascular Disease1
Carlson, L. A., & Wahlberg, F. (1966) · Acta Medica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1966.tb02840.x · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins in Men after Myocardial Infarction compared with Representative Population Sample
Gustafson, A., Elmfeldt, D., Wilhelmsen, L., & Tibblin, G. (1972) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.46.4.709 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Workshop report: Epidemiological section
BLACKBURN, H. W. (1979) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/0091-7435(79)90343-8 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
HDL‐cholesterol levels in the multiple risk factor intervention trial (MRFIT) by the MRFIT Research Group
Hulley, S. B., Ashman, P., Kuller, L. H., Lasser, N. L., & Sherwin, R. W. (1979) · Lipids · doi:10.1007/bf02533580 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citation
Conference on the Health Effects of Blood Lipids: Optimal Distributions for Populations
Lewis, B. (1979) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/0091-7435(79)90344-x · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Relation of Corneal Arcus to Cardiovascular Risk Factors and the Incidence of Coronary Disease
Rosenman, R. H., Brand, R., Sholtz, R. I., & Jenkins, C. D. (1974) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197412192912503 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citation
WORK ACTIVITY AND FATAL HEART ATTACK STUDIED BY MULTIPLE LOGISTIC RISK ANALYSIS
Brand, R., Paffenbarger, R. S., Sholtz, R. I., & Kampert, J. B. (1979) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112787 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citation
Serial lipid and lipoprotein responses to the American Heart Association fat-controlled diet
Wilson, W. S., Hulley, S. B., Burrows, M., & Nichaman, M. Z. (1971) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(71)90255-5 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citation
Serum cholesterol and triglycerides in patients suffering from ischemic heart disease and in healthy subjects
Brunner, D., Altman, S., Loebl, K., Schwartz, S., & Levin, S. (1977) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/0021-9150(77)90157-5 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
The evidence relating six dietary factors to the Nation's health. Introduction.
AHRENS, E. H. (1979) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/32.12.2627 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Diet and Coronary Heart Disease: Another View
Glueck, C. J., Mattson, F. H., & Bierman, E. L. (1978) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197806292982610 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Primary prevention of coronary heart disease: A critique
Borhani, N. O. (1977) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(77)90016-9 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Unanswered Questions about the Periodic Health Examination
Spitzer, W. O., & BROWN, B. P. (1975) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-83-2-257 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Cholesterol, coronaries, clofibrate and death.
Oliver, M. (1978) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197812142992409 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
SERUM CHOLESTEROL AND TRIGLYCERIDES IN ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE.
Hayes, D. T., & Neill, D. W. (1964) · PubMed · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Research related to underlying mechanisms in atherosclerosis.
Steinberg, D. (1979) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.60.7.1559 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Effects of Hypolipidemic Regimes on Serum Lipoproteins
Carlson, L. A., OLSSON, A. G., Orö, L., Rössner, S., & Walldius, G. (1974) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-65954-6_111 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
SYMPOSIUM ON CHD PREVENTION TRIALS: DESIGN ISSUES IN TESTING LIFE STYLE INTERVENTION
Sherwin, R. W. (1978) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112607 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Triglycerides in clinical medicine A review
Tzagournis, M. (1978) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/31.8.1437 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Multiple risk prediction of myocardial infarction in women as compared with men.
Wilhelmsen, L., Bengtsson, C., Elmfeldt, D., VEDIN, A., Wilhelmsson, C., Tibblin, G., Lindqvist, O., & Wedel, H. (1977) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.39.11.1179 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Plasma Lipids in Coronary Heart Disease
Nicolaysen, R., & Westinnd, K. (1963) · Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.3109/00365516309079746 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Risk factors in patients undergoing a second aorta-coronary bypass procedure
Barboriak, J. J., Barboriak, D. P., Anderson, A. J., Rimm, A. A., Tristani, F. E., & Flemma, R. J. (1978) · Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0022-5223(19)40945-8 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Appraisal of dietary fat as a causative factor in atherogenesis
Glueck, C. J. (1979) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/32.12.2637 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
PLASMA-TRIGLYCERIDES DO NOT REGULATE HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CONCENTRATIONS
Herbert, P. N., & Henderson, L. (1979) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(79)92007-5 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Public health aspects of optimal serum lipid-lipoprotein levels.
Stamler, J. (1979) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/0091-7435(79)90357-8 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Technology Costs and Evaluation
Relman, A. S. (1979) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197912273012610 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Clofibrate and Atherosclerosis
Lees, R. S. (1979) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197903013000911 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The High Density Lipoproteins: An Epidemiological Review HDL and CHD: An Epidemiological Review
Hulley, S. B. (1978) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-0967-3_17 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citation

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 88 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Sorted by citations

The Inverse Relation between Fish Consumption and 20-Year Mortality from Coronary Heart Disease
Kromhout, D., Bosschieter, E. B., & Coulander, C. D. L. (1985) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198505093121901 · Cited by 2,177 · see citing works
Plasma triglyceride level is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease independent of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level: a meta-analysis of population-based prospective studies
Hokanson, J. E., & Austin, M. A. (1996) · Journal of Cardiovascular Risk · doi:10.1097/00043798-199604000-00014 · Cited by 1,706 · see citing works
Triglycerides and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Miller, M., Stone, N. J., Ballantyne, C., Bittner, V., Criqui, M. H., Ginsberg, H. N., Goldberg, A. C., Howard, W. J., Jacobson, M. S., Kris-Etherton, P. M., et al. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e3182160726 · Cited by 1,871 · see citing works
Low-Density Lipoprotein Subclass Patterns and Risk of Myocardial Infarction
Austin, M. A. (1988) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1988.03410130125037 · Cited by 1,780 · see citing works
Abdominal obesity and the metabolic syndrome: contribution to global cardiometabolic risk
Després, J.-P., Lemieux, I., Bergeron, J., Pibarot, P., Mathieu, P., Larose, E., Rodés-Cabau, J., Bertrand, O. F., & Poirier, P. (2008) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.107.159228 · Cited by 1,589 · see citing works
Physical Activity and the Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease
Powell, K. E., Thompson, P. D., Caspersen, C. J., & Kendrick, J. S. (1987) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.pu.08.050187.001345 · Cited by 1,457 · see citing works
Atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype. A proposed genetic marker for coronary heart disease risk
Austin, M. A., King, M. C., Vranizan, K. M., & Krauss, R. M. (1990) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.82.2.495 · Cited by 1,411 · see citing works
Joint effects of serum triglyceride and LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol concentrations on coronary heart disease risk in the Helsinki Heart Study. Implications for treatment.
Manninen, V, Tenkanen, L., Koskinen, P., Huttunen, J. K., Mänttäri, M., Heinonen, O. P., & Frick, M. H. (1992) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.85.1.37 · Cited by 1,329 · see citing works
Relation of triglyceride metabolism and coronary artery disease. Studies in the postprandial state
Patsch, J. R., Miesenböck, G., Hopferwieser, T., Mühlberger, V, Knapp, E., Dunn, J. K., Gotto, A. M., & Patsch, W. (1992) · Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis: A Journal of Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.12.11.1336 · Cited by 1,122 · see citing works
American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology guidelines for management of dyslipidemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease
Jellinger, P. S., Handelsman, Y., Rosenblit, P. D., Bloomgarden, Z. T., Fonseca, V. A., Garber, A. J., Grunberger, G., Guerin, C. K., Bell, D. S. H., Mechanick, J. I., et al. (2017) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep171764.appgl · Cited by 1,094 · see citing works
Hypertriglyceridemia as a cardiovascular risk factor
Austin, M. A., Hokanson, J. E., & Edwards, K. L. (1998) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(98)00031-9 · Cited by 1,066 · see citing works
Dietary influences on serum lipids and lipoproteins.
Grundy, S. M., & Denke, M. (1990) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)42625-2 · Cited by 1,044 · see citing works
Diabetes and atherosclerosis: An epidemiologic view
Pyörälà, K., Laakso, M., & Uusitupa, M. I. J. (1987) · Diabetes/Metabolism Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmr.5610030206 · Cited by 917 · see citing works
Role of Insulin Resistance in Human Disease (Syndrome X): An Expanded Definition
Reaven, G. M. (1993) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev.me.44.020193.001005 · Cited by 911 · see citing works
Plasma triglyceride and coronary heart disease
Austin, M. A. (1991) · Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis: A Journal of Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.11.1.2 · Cited by 697 · see citing works
Hypertriglyceridaemia as a risk factor of coronary heart disease mortality in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes
Fontbonne, A., Eschw�ge, E., Cambien, F., Richard, J. L., Ducimeti�re, P., Thibult, N., Warnet, J., Claude, J., & Rosselin, G. (1989) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00265546 · Cited by 616 · see citing works
Primary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease: Guidance From Framingham: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the AHA Task Force on Risk Reduction
Grundy, S. M., Balady, G. J., Criqui, M. H., Fletcher, G., Greenland, P., Hiratzka, L. F., Houston-Miller, N., Kris-Etherton, P., Krumholz, H. M., LaRosa, J., et al. (1998) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.97.18.1876 · Cited by 609 · see citing works
Fasting Triglycerides, High-Density Lipoprotein, and Risk of Myocardial Infarction
Gaziano, J. M., Hennekens, C. H., O’Donnell, C. J., Breslow, J. L., & Buring, J. E. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.8.2520 · Cited by 602 · see citing works
Hypertriglyceridemia, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and the metabolic syndrome
Grundy, S. M. (1998) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(98)00033-2 · Cited by 525 · see citing works
American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists' Guidelines for Management of Dyslipidemia and Prevention of Atherosclerosis
Jellinger, P. S., Smith, D. A., Mehta, A., Ganda, O. P., Handelsman, Y., Rodbard, H. W., Shepherd, M. D., & Seibel, J. A. (2012) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep.18.s1.1 · Cited by 527 · see citing works
The metabolic syndrome or the insulin resistance syndrome? Different names, different concepts, and different goals
Reaven, G. M. (2004) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2004.03.002 · Cited by 506 · see citing works
Relation of angiographically defined coronary artery disease to plasma lipoprotein subfractions and apolipoproteins.
Miller, N. E., Hammett, F., Saltissi, S., Rao, S., Zeller, H., Coltart, J., & Lewis, B. (1981) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.282.6278.1741 · Cited by 482 · see citing works
Evidence that triglycerides are an independent coronary heart disease risk factor
Cullen, P. (2000) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(00)01127-9 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Detection and quantification of lipoprotein(a) in the arterial wall of 107 coronary bypass patients.
Rath, M., Niendorf, A., Reblin, T., Dietel, M., Krebber, H.-J., & Beisiegel†, U. (1989) · Arteriosclerosis An Official Journal of the American Heart Association Inc · doi:10.1161/01.atv.9.5.579 · Cited by 446 · see citing works
The metabolic syndrome: requiescat in pace
Reaven, G. M. (2005) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2005.048611 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
Myopathy and Rhabdomyolysis Associated With Lovastatin-Gemfibrozil Combination Therapy
Pierce, L. R. (1990) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1990.03450010075034 · Cited by 425 · see citing works
Diabetes Dyslipidemia
Schofield, J. D., Liu, Y., Rao‐Balakrishna, P., Malik, R. A., & Soran, H. (2016) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-016-0167-x · Cited by 423 · see citing works
Plasma Triglyceride Level and Mortality from Coronary Heart Disease
Criqui, M. H., HEISS, G. M., Cohn, R. D., Cowan, L. D., Suchindran, C., Bangdiwala, S. I., Kritchevsky, S., Jacobs, D. R., O'Grady, H. K., & DAVIS, C. E. (1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199304293281702 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Efficacy and Safety of a New HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor, Atorvastatin, in Patients With Hypertriglyceridemia
Bakker-Arkema, R. G. (1996) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03530260042029 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Hypertriglyceridaemia and risk of coronary artery disease
Reiner, Ž. (2017) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2017.31 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Inverse relationship between blood levels of high density lipoprotein subfraction 2 and magnitude of postprandial lipemia.
Patsch, J. R., Karlin, J. B., Scott, L. W., Smith, L. C., & Gotto, A. M. (1983) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.80.5.1449 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Sample size tables for logistic regression
Hsieh, F. Y. (1989) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.4780080704 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Prevalence of coronary artery disease and its relationship to lipids in a selected population in South India
Mohan, V., Deepa, R., Rani, S. S., & Premalatha, G. (2001) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01415-2 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis in chronic renal failure
London, G. M., & Drüeke, T. B. (1997) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/ki.1997.233 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Epidemiology of triglycerides: A view from Framingham
Castelli, W. P. (1992) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(92)91083-g · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Postmenopausal Estrogen Use and Coronary Atherosclerosis
Sullivan, J. M., ZWAAG, R. V., LEMP, G. F., HUGHES, J. P., MADDOCK, V., KROETZ, F. W., RAMANATHAN, K. B., & MIRVIS, D. M. (1988) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-108-3-358 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Body fat distribution and hyperinsulinemia as risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
D, M. P. S. M., & Haffner, S. M. (1986) · Arteriosclerosis An Official Journal of the American Heart Association Inc · doi:10.1161/01.atv.6.2.123 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Serum Triglycerides and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease among Japanese Men and Women
Iso, H., Naito, Y., Sato, S., Kitamura, A., Okamura, T., Sankai, T., Shimamoto, T., Iida, M., & Komachi, Y. (2001) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/153.5.490 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
HDL-cholesterol as a marker of coronary heart disease risk: the Québec cardiovascular study
Després, J., Lemieux, I., Dagenais, G. R., Cantin, B., & Lamarche, B. (2000) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/s0021-9150(00)00603-1 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Studies of low density lipoprotein molecular weight in human beings with coronary artery disease.
Crouse, J. R., Parks, J. S., Schey, H. M., & Kahl, F. R. (1985) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)34343-1 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Low-Density Lipoprotein, Non-High-Density Lipoprotein, and Apolipoprotein B as Targets of Lipid-Lowering Therapy
Grundy, S. M. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000038419.53000.d6 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Lipoprotein Lp(a) as predictor of myocardial infarction in comparison to fibrinogen, LDL cholesterol and other risk factors: results from the prospective Göttingen Risk Incidence and Prevalence Study (GRIPS)
Cremer, P., Nagel, D., Labrot, B., Mann, H., Muche, R., Elster, H., & Seidel, D. (1994) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1994.tb02373.x · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Plasma triglyceride determines structure-composition in low and high density lipoproteins.
Deckelbaum, R. J., Granot, E., Oschry, Y., Rose, L., & Eisenberg, S. (1984) · Arteriosclerosis An Official Journal of the American Heart Association Inc · doi:10.1161/01.atv.4.3.225 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Integrated regulation of very low density lipoprotein triglyceride and apolipoprotein-B kinetics in man: Normolipemic subjects, familial hypertriglyceridemia and familial combined hyperlipidemia
Kissebah, A. H., Alfarsi, S., & ADAMS, P. W. (1981) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(81)90064-0 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Atorvastatin
Lea, A. P., & McTavish, D. (1997) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-199753050-00011 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
HYPERTRIGLYCERIDAEMIA AND HYPERCOAGULABILITY
Simpson, H. C. R., Meade, T. W., Stirling, Y., Mann, J. I., Chakrabarti, R., & Woolf, L. (1983) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(83)91849-4 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Lipid abnormalities in renal disease
Appel, G. B. (1991) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/ki.1991.22 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Diabetes as an atherogenic factor
Ruderman, N. B., & Haudenschild, C. C. (1984) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/0033-0620(84)90011-2 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Comparison of the effects of estrogen alone and estrogen plus androgen on biochemical markers of bone formation and resorption in postmenopausal women
Raisz, L. G., Wiita, B., Artis, A., Bowen, A., Schwartz, S., Trahiotis, M., Shoukri, K., & Smith, J. (1996) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.81.1.8550780 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Apoproteins B and A-I and coronary artery disease in humans.
Brunzell, J. D., Sniderman, A. D., Albers, J. J., & Kwiterovich, P. O. (1984) · Arteriosclerosis An Official Journal of the American Heart Association Inc · doi:10.1161/01.atv.4.2.79 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
How independent are “independent” effects? relative risk estimation when correlated exposures are measured imprecisely
Phillips, A. N., & Smith, G. D. (1991) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(91)90155-3 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice Third Joint Task Force of European and other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of eight societies and by invited experts)
Backer, G. D., Ambrosioni, E., Broch-Johnsen, K., Brotons, C., Cífková, R., Dallongeville, J., Ebrahim, S. B. J., Færgeman, O., Graham, I. D., Mancia, G., et al. (2003) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/00149831-200312001-00001 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Relation of High TG–Low HDL Cholesterol and LDL Cholesterol to the Incidence of Ischemic Heart Disease
Jeppesen, J., Hein, H. O., Suadicani, P., & Gyntelberg, F. (1997) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.17.6.1114 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Comparison of oral estrogens and estrogens plus androgen on bone mineral density, menopausal symptoms, and lipid-lipoprotein profiles in surgical menopause
WATTS, N., Notelovitz, M., CHRYSTIETIMMONS, M., ALLENADDISON, W., Wiita, B., & DOWNEY, L. (1995) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0029-7844(94)00448-m · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Dietary fiber and coronary heart disease
Anderson, J. W., Deakins, D. A., Floore, T. L., Smith, B. M., & Whitis, S. E. (1990) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408399009527518 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Chronic Renal Failure and Hemodialysis Populations
Ma, K. W., Greene, E. L., & Raij, L. R. (1992) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1016/s0272-6386(12)80827-4 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Association of hyperapobetalipoproteinemia with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia and atherosclerosis.
SNIDERMAN, A. D., WOLFSON, C., TENG, B., FRANKLIN, F. A., BACHORIK, P. S., & KWITEROVICH, P. O. (1982) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-97-6-833 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Excess body weight. An underrecognized contributor to high blood cholesterol levels in white American men
Denke, M. A. (1993) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.153.9.1093 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Risk factors for ischaemic heart disease: the prospective phase of the British Regional Heart Study.
Shaper, A. G., Pocock, S., Walker, M., Phillips, A. N., Whitehead, T. P., & Macfarlane, P. W. (1985) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.39.3.197 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia: Role in hypertension, dyslipidemia, and coronary heart disease
Reaven, G. M. (1991) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/0002-8703(91)90434-j · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Increased Lipoprotein-Remnant Formation in Chronic Renal Failure
Nestel, P. J., Fidge, N., & Tan, M. H. (1982) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198208053070601 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Pathophysiology of reverse cholesterol transport. Insights from inherited disorders of lipoprotein metabolism.
Reichl, D., & Miller, N. E. (1989) · Arteriosclerosis An Official Journal of the American Heart Association Inc · doi:10.1161/01.atv.9.6.785 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Relation Between Insulin Resistance, Hyperinsulinemia, Postheparin Plasma Lipoprotein Lipase Activity, and Postprandial Lipemia
Jeppesen, J., Hollenbeck, C. B., Zhou, M., Coulston, A. M., Jones, C., Chen, Y. I., & Reaven, G. M. (1995) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.15.3.320 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Comparison of a Low-Fat Diet to a Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Weight Loss, Body Composition, and Risk Factors for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease in Free-Living, Overweight Men and Women
Meckling, K. A., O’Sullivan, C., & Saari, D. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-031606 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Triglyceride as a risk factor for coronary artery disease
Gotto, A. M. (1998) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(98)00770-x · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Postprandial lipemia, fenofibrate and coronary artery disease
Simpson, H., Williamson, C., Olivecrona, T., Pringle, S., MacLean, J. A., Lorimer, A. R., Bonnefous, F., Bogaievsky, Y., Packard, C. J., & Shepherd, J. (1990) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/0021-9150(90)90111-u · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Diagnostic Criteria for Dyslipidemia - Executive Summary of Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) Guideline for Diagnosis and Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases for Japanese
Teramoto, T., Sasaki, J., Ueshima, H., Egusa, G., Kinoshita, M., Shimamoto, K., Daida, H., Biro, S., Hirobe, K., Funahashi, T., et al. (2007) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.e537 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Historical perspective on garlic and cardiovascular disease
Rahman, K. (2001) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/131.3.977s · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Plasma triglyceride and high density lipoprotein cholesterol as predictors of ischaemic heart disease in British men: The Caerphilly and Speedwell Collaborative Heart Disease Studies
Bainton, D., Miller, N., Bolton, C., YARNELL, J. W. G., Sweetnam, P. M., Baker, I. A., Lewis, B., & Elwood, P. C. (1992) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.68.7.60 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Health aspects of vegetarian diets
Dwyer, J. T. (1988) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/48.3.712 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Role of <i>Spirulina</i> in the Control of Glycemia and Lipidemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Parikh, P., Mani, U., & Iyer, U. (2001) · Journal of Medicinal Food · doi:10.1089/10966200152744463 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Normal triglyceride levels and coronary artery disease events: the Baltimore Coronary Observational Long-Term Study
Miller, M., Seidler, A., Moalemi, A., & Pearson, T. A. (1998) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(98)00083-7 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Effects of blood triglycerides on cardiovascular and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 61 prospective studies
Liu, J., Zeng, F., Liu, Z., Zhang, C., Ling, W., & Chen, Y. (2013) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/1476-511x-12-159 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Report of the Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) Guideline for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hyperlipidemia in Japanese Adults
Hata, Y., Mabuchi, H., Saitō, Y., Itakura, H., Egusa, G., Ito, H., Teramoto, T., Tsushima, M., Tada, N., Oikawa, S., et al. (2002) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.9.1 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
The Role of Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein Families in the Progression of Atherosclerotic Lesions as Determined by Sequential Coronary Angiography From a Controlled Clinical Trial
Alaupovic, P., Mack, W. J., Knight‐Gibson, C., & Hodis, H. N. (1997) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.17.4.715 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Insulin resistance, compensatory hyperinsulinaemia, and coronary heart disease
Reaven, G. M., & Laws, A. (1994) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00400953 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Cardiovascular diseases in Chinese, Malays, and Indians in Singapore. II. Differences in risk factor levels.
Hughes, K., Yeo, P. P., Lun, K. C., Thai, A. C., Sothy, S. P., Wang, K. W., Cheah, J. S., Phoon, W. O., & Lim, P. (1990) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.44.1.29 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Isotretinoin versus placebo in the treatment of cystic acne
Peck, G. L., Olsen, T. G., Butkus, D., Pandya, M., Arnaud-Battandier, J., Gross, E. G., Windhorst, D. B., & Cheripko, J. (1982) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(82)70063-5 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Heterogeneity of plasma low density lipoproteins manifestations of the physiologic phenomenon in man
Fisher, W. R. (1983) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(83)90194-4 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Risk Factors for Ischaemic Heart Disease in Men and Women:Results of the 19‐Year Follow‐up of the Stockholm Prospective Study
Carlson, L. A., & Böttiger, L. E. (1985) · Acta Medica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1985.tb08848.x · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Metformin for obese, insulin-treated diabetic patients: improvement in glycaemic control and reduction of metabolic risk factors
Giugliano, D., Quatraro, A., Consoli, G., Minei, A., Ceriello, A., De Rosa, N., & D'Onofrio, F. (1993) · European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00315466 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Prevalence of dyslipidemic phenotypes in ischemic heart disease (prospective results from the Que´bec cardiovascular study)
Lamarche, B., Després, J., Moorjani, S., Cantin, B., Dagenais, G. R., & Lupien, P.-J. (1995) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(99)80760-7 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Diagnostic Criteria for Dyslipidemia
Teramoto, T., Sasaki, J., Ishibashi, S., Birou, S., Daida, H., Dohi, S., Egusa, G., Hiro, T., Hirobe, K., Iida, M., et al. (2013) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.17152 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
The multiple risk factor intervention trial (MRFIT): IV. Intervention on blood lipids
Caggiula, A., Christakis, G., Farrand, M., Hulley, S., Johnson, R. L., Lasser, N., Stamler, J., & Widdowson, G. (1981) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/0091-7435(81)90060-8 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Self-citation
Sample Size for Logistic Regression with Small Response Probability
Whittemore, A. S. (1981) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1981.10477597 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Blood lipid distribution of hyperinsulinemic men consuming three levels of fructose
Hallfrisch, J., Reiser, S., & Prather, E. (1983) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/37.5.740 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Cardiovascular risk continuum: implications of insulin resistance and diabetes
Hsueh, W. A., & Law, R. E. (1998) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(98)00205-8 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Detection, quantification, and characterization of potentially atherogenic triglyceride-rich remnant lipoproteins
Cohn, J. S., Marcoux, C., & Davignon, J. (1999) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.19.10.2474 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Hypertriglyceridemia and regulation of fibrinolytic activity.
Mussoni, L., Mannucci, L., Sirtori, M., Camera, M., MADERNA, P., Sironi, L., & Tremoli, E. (1992) · Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis A Journal of Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.12.1.19 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Plasma triglycerides and cardiovascular events in the Treating to New Targets and Incremental Decrease in End-Points through Aggressive Lipid Lowering trials of statins in patients with coronary artery disease
Faergeman, O., Holme, I., Fayyad, R., Bhatia, S., Grundy, S. M., Kastelein, J. J. P., LaRosa, J. C., Larsen, M. L., Lindahl, C., Olsson, A. G., et al. (2009) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.04.008 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Deleterious metabolic effects of high-carbohydrate, sucrose-containing diets in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Coulston, A. M., Hollenbeck, C. B., Swislocki, A., Chen, Y. I., & Reaven, G. M. (1987) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(87)90058-1 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Report of the Expert Panel on Population Strategies for Blood Cholesterol Reduction. A statement from the National Cholesterol Education Program, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health.
Carleton, R. A., Dwyer, J. T., Finberg, L., Flora, J. D., Goodman, D. S., Grundy, S. M., Havas, S., Hunter, G., Kritchevsky, D., & Lauer, R. M. (1991) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.83.6.2154 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Changes in Lipid and Lipoprotein Levels After Weight Training
Goldberg, L. (1984) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1984.03350040034018 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: third joint task force of European and other societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (constituted by representatives of eight societies and by invited experts).
Backer, G. D., Ambrosio, G., Borch‐Johnsen, K., Brotons, C., Cífková, R., Dallongeville, J., Ebrahim, S. B. J., Færgeman, O., Graham, I. D., Mancia, G., et al. (2003) · PubMed · doi:10.1097/01.hjr.0000087913.96265.e2 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Long Term Effects of Ketogenic Diet in Obese Subjects with High Cholesterol Level
Dashti, H. M., Al-Zaid, N. S., Mathew, T. C., Al-Mousawi, M., Talib, H., Asfar, S., & Behbahani, A. I. (2006) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s11010-005-9001-x · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Fibrates for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease events
Jakob, T., Nordmann, A. J., Schandelmaier, S., Ferreira-González, I., & Briel, M. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009753.pub2 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Metabolic Effects of Dietary Fructose and Sucrose in Types I and II Diabetic Subjects
Bantle, J. P. (1986) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1986.03380230065027 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Structural models of human apolipoprotein A-I
Brouillette, C. G., & Anantharamaiah, G. M. (1995) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0005-2760(95)00018-8 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and total cholesterol in ischaemic heart disease.
Pocock, S., Shaper, A. G., & Phillips, A. N. (1989) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.298.6679.998 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Health Risks of Self-Employment
Lewìn-Epstein, N., & Yuchtman‐Yaar, E. (1991) · Work and Occupations · doi:10.1177/0730888491018003003 · Cited by 146 · see citing works

Authors: Hulley, S. B., Rosenman, R. H., Bawol, R. D., & Brand, R. J.
Venue: New England Journal of Medicine
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society
Published: 1980-06-19
Volume: 302
Issue: 25
Pages: 1383-1389
ISSN: 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
1533-4406
DOI: 10.1056/nejm198006193022503
OpenAlex: W1989258056
Cited by: 702
References: 88
Citations by year: 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 53.22
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
Keywords: triglycerides, coronary artery disease, hypertriglyceridemia, causal inference, cholesterol, preventive medicine, burden of proof, screening, lipid-lowering therapy, clinical decision-making
MeSH terms: Adult, Cholesterol, Coronary Disease, Decision Making, Epidemiologic Methods, Ethics, Medical, Health Policy, Humans, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Risk, Triglycerides

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Epidemiology as a Guide to Clinical Decisions: The Association between Triglyceride and Coronary Heart Disease

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks