Cited by 965Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorYouth, Drugs, and Violence

Cocaine and Other Stimulants

Gawin, Frank H., Ellinwood, Everett H.·1988·New England Journal of Medicine

Abstract

SENSATIONALISM and shifting acceptance of drug use have influenced much of what has been written about cocaine. This review attempts a reasoned psychiatric appraisal of the prototypical abused psychomotor stimulants, cocaine and the amphetamines. We review the historical and epidemiologic features of the recent upsurge in cocaine abuse, summarize clinical psychiatric observations about stimulant abuse and emerging treatment approaches, and describe new perceptions of the biologic nature of stimulant addiction. Because emergency medical treatment of stimulant overdose and medical complications of cocaine and amphetamine abuse have been reviewed recently,1 2 3 4 we have excluded these topics.Recent History and EpidemiologySeven years . . .

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1056/nejm198805053181806

Cites

93 of 93 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Blood pressure elevation from cocaine is caused by increased central sympathetic outflow and blockade of neuronal norepinephrine reuptake, resulting in neurotransmitter accumulation in the synaptic cleft with resulting intense sympathetic activation.

    “BP elevation is caused by increased central sympathetic outflow and blockade of neuronal norepinephrine reuptake, resulting in neurotransmitter accumulation in the synaptic cleft with resulting intense sympathetic activation.239”

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Authors
Gawin, F. H., & Ellinwood, E. H.
Affiliations
Yale University (US)
Venue
New England Journal of Medicine
Published
1988-05-05
Volume
318
Issue
18
Pages
1173-1182
ISSN
  • 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
  • 1533-4406
OpenAlex
W2050691698
Cited by
965
References
93
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 10
FWCI
17.34
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
  • Social Sciences › Demography › Youth, Drugs, and Violence
Keywords
cocaine, amphetamine, psychostimulants, stimulant abuse, stimulant use disorder
MeSH terms
Cocaine, Humans, Psychotropic Drugs, Substance-Related Disorders

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