Cited by 429Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchTrauma and Emergency Care StudiesTraumatic Brain Injury Research

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Morphine Use after Combat Injury in Iraq and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

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Holbrook, Troy Lisa, Galarneau, Michael R., Dye, Judy L., Quinn, Kimberly, Dougherty, Amber L.·2010·New England Journal of Medicine

DOI 10.1056/nejmoa0903326

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common adverse mental health outcome among seriously injured civilians and military personnel who are survivors of trauma. Pharmacotherapy in the aftermath of serious physical injury or exposure to traumatic events may be effective for the secondary prevention of PTSD. METHODS: We identified 696 injured U.S. military personnel without serious traumatic brain injury from the Navy-Marine Corps Combat Trauma Registry Expeditionary Medical Encounter Database. Complete data on medications administered were available for all personnel selected. The diagnosis of PTSD was obtained from the Career History Archival Medical and Personnel System and verified in a review of medical records. RESULTS: Among the 696 patients studied, 243 received a diagnosis of PTSD and 453 did not. The use of morphine during early resuscitation and trauma care was significantly associated with a lower risk of PTSD after injury. Among the patients in whom PTSD developed, 61% received morphine; among those in whom PTSD did not develop, 76% received morphine (odds ratio, 0.47; P<0.001). This association remained significant after adjustment for injury severity, age, mechanism of injury, status with respect to amputation, and selected injury-related clinical factors. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the use of morphine during trauma care may reduce the risk of subsequent development of PTSD after serious injury.

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Authors: Holbrook, T. L., Galarneau, M. R., Dye, J. L., Quinn, K., & Dougherty, A. L.
Affiliations: Naval Health Research Center (US)
ORCID: Galarneau, Michael R.
Dye, Judy L.
Dougherty, Amber L.
Venue: New England Journal of Medicine
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society
Published: 2010-01-14
Volume: 362
Issue: 2
Pages: 110-117
ISSN: 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
1533-4406
DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa0903326
OpenAlex: W2117408205
Cited by: 429
References: 37
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 34
FWCI: 47.17
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Trauma and Emergency Care Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
Keywords: morphine, post-traumatic stress disorder, war injuries, military personnel, trauma care, opioid analgesics, secondary prevention, injury severity, Iraq War
MeSH terms: Adult, Analgesics, Opioid, Drug Utilization, Emergency Medical Services, Emergency Treatment, Female, Humans, Male, Military Medicine, Military Personnel, Morphine, Risk, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, United States, Warfare, Wounds and Injuries, Survivors, Iraq War, 2003-2011, Young Adult

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Morphine Use after Combat Injury in Iraq and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

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