Romosozumab Treatment in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Romosozumab, a monoclonal antibody that binds sclerostin, increases bone formation and decreases bone resorption. METHODS: We enrolled 7180 postmenopausal women who had a T score of -2.5 to -3.5 at the total hip or femoral neck. Patients were randomly assigned to receive subcutaneous injections of romosozumab (at a dose of 210 mg) or placebo monthly for 12 months; thereafter, patients in each group received denosumab for 12 months, at a dose of 60 mg, administered subcutaneously every 6 months. The coprimary end points were the cumulative incidences of new vertebral fractures at 12 months and 24 months. Secondary end points included clinical (a composite of nonvertebral and symptomatic vertebral) and nonvertebral fractures. RESULTS: At 12 months, new vertebral fractures had occurred in 16 of 3321 patients (0.5%) in the romosozumab group, as compared with 59 of 3322 (1.8%) in the placebo group (representing a 73% lower risk with romosozumab; P<0.001). Clinical fractures had occurred in 58 of 3589 patients (1.6%) in the romosozumab group, as compared with 90 of 3591 (2.5%) in the placebo group (a 36% lower risk with romosozumab; P=0.008). Nonvertebral fractures had occurred in 56 of 3589 patients (1.6%) in the romosozumab group and in 75 of 3591 (2.1%) in the placebo group (P=0.10). At 24 months, the rates of vertebral fractures were significantly lower in the romosozumab group than in the placebo group after each group made the transition to denosumab (0.6% [21 of 3325 patients] in the romosozumab group vs. 2.5% [84 of 3327] in the placebo group, a 75% lower risk with romosozumab; P<0.001). Adverse events, including instances of hyperostosis, cardiovascular events, osteoarthritis, and cancer, appeared to be balanced between the groups. One atypical femoral fracture and two cases of osteonecrosis of the jaw were observed in the romosozumab group. CONCLUSIONS: In postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, romosozumab was associated with a lower risk of vertebral fracture than placebo at 12 months and, after the transition to denosumab, at 24 months. The lower risk of clinical fracture that was seen with romosozumab was evident at 1 year. (Funded by Amgen and UCB Pharma; FRAME ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01575834 .).
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Romosozumab upregulates the Wnt pathway and enhances RANKL synthesis, thereby downregulating the RANKL pathway.
“It achieves this by upregulating the Wnt pathway while also acting as an enhancer of RANKL synthesis, thereby downregulating this latter pathway [83,84,85].”
From Osteoporosis: Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics (2023) · cites this paper as [83]
The Discussion (p. 12) explains that romosozumab inhibits sclerostin, counteracting its suppression of Wnt signaling, and reports decreased bone resorption. The paper does not say that romosozumab enhances RANKL synthesis or establish the claimed effect on the RANKL pathway; searches for RANKL and related terms found no supporting passage. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredRomosozumab stimulates bone formation while simultaneously reducing bone resorption.
“it uniquely exhibits the ability to stimulate bone formation while simultaneously reducing bone resorption.”
From Osteoporosis: Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics (2023) · cites this paper as [83]
The Discussion (p. 12) explicitly says romosozumab increases bone formation and decreases bone resorption, and the bone-turnover results (p. 10) show changes in both markers during treatment. The paper does not establish the citing sentence’s additional claim that this ability is unique to romosozumab. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredRomosozumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting sclerostin.
“Romosozumab is a newly approved monoclonal antibody targeting sclerostin.”
From Osteoporosis: Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics (2023) · cites this paper as [83]
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- Authors
- Cosman, F., Crittenden, D. B., Adachi, J. D., Binkley, N., Czerwinski, E., Ferrari, S., Hofbauer, L. C., Lau, E., Lewiecki, E. M., Miyauchi, A., Zerbini, C. A. F., Milmont, C. E., Chen, L., Maddox, J., Meisner, P. D., Libanati, C., & Grauer, A.
- Affiliations
- Amgen (United States) (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2016-10-20
- Volume
- 375
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 1532-1543
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2520995084
- Cited by
- 1,805
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 225 · 2025: 223 · 2024: 219 · 2023: 168 · 2022: 194 · 2021: 192 · 2020: 182 · 2019: 141 · 2018: 131 · 2017: 110 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 161.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Bone health and treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bone Metabolism and Diseases
- Keywords
- romosozumab, sclerostin, osteoporosis, postmenopausal women, vertebral fractures, non-vertebral fractures, denosumab, bone formation, bone resorption, fracture risk reduction, monoclonal antibodies, adverse events, hyperostosis, cardiovascular events, osteoarthritis, cancer risk, RANKL
- MeSH terms
- Denosumab, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Injections, Subcutaneous, Middle Aged, Biomarkers, Bone Density, Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal, Spinal Fractures, Bone Remodeling, Bone Density Conservation Agents
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