Cited by 1,849Lung Cancer Treatments and MutationsCancer Genomics and DiagnosticsLung Cancer Research Studies

Sotorasib for Lung Cancers with KRAS p.G12C Mutation

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Skoulidis, Ferdinandos, Li, Bob T., Dy, Grace K., Price, Timothy J., Falchook, Gerald S., Wolf, Jürgen, Italiano, Antoine, Schuler, Martin +18 more·2021·New England Journal of Medicine

Abstract

BACKGROUND: p.G12C-mutated advanced solid tumors in a phase 1 study, and particularly promising anticancer activity was observed in a subgroup of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: p.G12C-mutated advanced NSCLC previously treated with standard therapies. The primary end point was objective response (complete or partial response) according to independent central review. Key secondary end points included duration of response, disease control (defined as complete response, partial response, or stable disease), progression-free survival, overall survival, and safety. Exploratory biomarkers were evaluated for their association with response to sotorasib therapy. RESULTS: . CONCLUSIONS: p.G12C-mutated NSCLC. (Funded by Amgen and the National Institutes of Health; CodeBreaK100 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03600883.).

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Crossref · 10.1056/nejmoa2103695

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  • The sotorasib response rate in colorectal cancer is lower than that in NSCLC.

    “The sotorasib response rate in colorectal cancer is lower than that in NSCLC (7).”

    From Cetuximab Enhances the Efficacy of MRTX1133, a Novel KRAS<sup>G12D</sup>Inhibitor, in Colorectal Cancer Treatment (2023) · cites this paper as [7]

    The Results > Efficacy section reports a 37.1% objective response rate to sotorasib in patients with NSCLC. Our copy does not report a colorectal cancer response rate or compare the two cancers, so it does not support the claimed difference. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • In a preliminary analysis, the response rate of MRTX849 in NSCLC patients harboring mutations in both KRAS G12C and KEAP1 was reduced compared to the response rate in KRAS G12C, KEAP1 WT patients.

    “Of note, in a preliminary analysis, the response rate of MRTX849 in NSCLC patients harboring mutations in both KRAS G12C and KEAP1 was reduced compared to the response rate in KRAS G12C , KEAP1 WT patients [13, 14].”

    From Anti-tumor efficacy of a potent and selective non-covalent KRASG12D inhibitor (2022) · cites this paper as [14]

    The Discussion (page not provided) reports a lower response percentage in KEAP1-mutated than KEAP1-wild-type tumors, but this exploratory finding concerns sotorasib, not MRTX849. The paper therefore does not support the claim about response to MRTX849. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • The clinical response data indicate rapid development of acquired resistance to KRAS G12C inhibitors.

    “These results indicate the rapid development of acquired resistance to KRAS G12C inhibitors [18, 26, 27, 49].”

    From Differential Response and Resistance to KRAS-Targeted Therapy (2025) · cites this paper as [26]

    The Results (Efficacy; page not provided) report a median progression-free survival of 6.8 months and a median response duration of 11.1 months with sotorasib. The Discussion suggests tumors may adapt quickly, but treats this as a possible explanation and says mechanisms of adaptation or resistance require further investigation. The paper does not establish that the observed progression was rapid acquired resistance, or extend that finding to KRAS G12C inhibitors generally. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • KRAS G12C inhibition produces substantially different outcomes in NSCLC and CRC, largely due to lineage-specific feedback regulation.

    “For example, KRAS G12C inhibition produces substantially different outcomes in NSCLC and CRC, largely due to lineage-specific feedback regulation [23,26,27,28,32].”

    From Precision Targeting of KRAS-Mutant Cancers: Beyond G12C Toward G12D and Pan-RAS Therapeutic Strategies (2026) · cites this paper as [23]

    The Results (Efficacy; page unavailable) report an objective response to sotorasib in 37.1% of patients with KRAS p.G12C–mutated NSCLC. The Discussion (page unavailable) raises possible tumor adaptation, but the paper does not compare outcomes with CRC or attribute a difference to lineage-specific feedback regulation. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Sotorasib and adagrasib were effective at halting the growth of G12C-mutant cancer cells in 2-dimensional, 3-dimensional, and xenograft models.

    “Sotorasib and adagrasib, two prominent members of this class, were effective at halting the growth of G12C-mutant cancer cells in 2-dimensional, 3-dimensional, and xenograft models, clearing the path for clinical trials [48,49,50,51].”

    From KRAS: Biology, Inhibition, and Mechanisms of Inhibitor Resistance (2024) · cites this paper as [49]

    The Discussion reports tumor shrinkage and disease control with sotorasib in patients with KRAS p.G12C–mutated lung cancer. It does not report results for adagrasib or for either drug in 2-dimensional, 3-dimensional, or xenograft models; the evidence here is from a clinical trial, not the preclinical models claimed. (LLM, conf=0.81)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Authors
Skoulidis, F., Li, B. T., Dy, G. K., Price, T. J., Falchook, G. S., Wolf, J., Italiano, A., Schuler, M., Borghaei, H., Barlesi, F., Kato, T., Curioni-Fontecedro, A., Sacher, A., Spira, A., Ramalingam, S. S., Takahashi, T., Besse, B., Anderson, A., Ang, A., Tran, Q., Mather, O., Henary, H., Ngarmchamnanrith, G., Friberg, G., Velcheti, V., & Govindan, R.
Affiliations
  • Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (US)
  • From the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (F.S.), and U.S. Oncology Research, the Woodlands (A. Spira) — both in Texas; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medicine (B.T.L.) and Thoracic Medical Oncology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo (G.K.D.) — all in New York; the Queen Elizabeth Hospital and University of Adelaide, Woodville, SA, Australia (T.J.P.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.S.F.); Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne (J.W.), the West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg–Essen, Essen (M.S.), and the German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg (M.S.) — all in Germany; the Early Phase Trials and Sarcoma Units, Bergonie Cancer Institute, Bordeaux (A.I.), and Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif (F.B., B.B.) — both in France; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (H.B....
  • Fox Chase Cancer Center (US)
Venue
New England Journal of Medicine
Published
2021-06-24
Volume
384
Issue
25
Pages
2371-2381
ISSN
  • 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
  • 1533-4406
OpenAlex
W3172081492
Cited by
1,849
References
39
Citations by year
2026: 317 · 2025: 348 · 2024: 398 · 2023: 382 · 2022: 319 · 2021: 84
FWCI
192.15
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Kölner Universitäts PublikationsServer (Universität zu Köln) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • Digital Commons@Becker (Washington University School of Medicine) (submittedVersion)
  • Universitätsbibliographie, Universität Duisburg-Essen (submittedVersion)
Funders
Amgen
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Lung Cancer Treatments and Mutations
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Lung Cancer Research Studies
Keywords
sotorasib, non-small cell lung cancer, KRAS inhibitors, advanced solid tumors, objective response, progression-free survival, biomarkers, drug safety
MeSH terms
Progression-Free Survival, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antineoplastic Agents, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Female, Humans, Lung Neoplasms, Male, Middle Aged, Mutation, Piperazines, Pyridines, Pyrimidines, Biomarkers, Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras), B7-H1 Antigen

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