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Cited by 180Polymer crystallization and propertiesnanoparticles nucleation surface interactionsMaterial Dynamics and Properties

Nucleation of polymer droplets

Koutsky, J. A., Walton, A. G., Baer, Eric·1967·Journal of Applied Physics
DOI 10.1063/1.1709769
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Abstract

The nucleation of droplets of polyethylene, polyethylene oxide, polyoxymethylene, nylon 6, poly (3,3-bis-chloromethyloxacyclobutane), isotactic polypropylene, and isotactic polystyrene, suspended in silicone oil, has been investigated. Under conditions of slow cooling (0.1°C/min), two different phenomena were observed; occasional droplet solidification at low degrees of subcooling, the number of droplets solidified and the temperature at which nucleation occurred being a function of the thermal melt history; and a sudden catastrophic, history-independent, nucleation phenomenon at large subcooling. The latter event may be identified as a critical phenomenon occurring at a subcooling ΔTc which is only slightly dependent upon the rate of cooling. For polyethylene and isotactic polypropylene, the ΔTc's correspond closely with values obtained by other authors using different suspending media and have been identified with homogeneous nucleation. Homogeneous nucleation may also be explored by the method of kinetic-rate measurements, with the advantage that rate constants can be evaluated directly rather than by theoretical derivation. Interfacial energies calculated from nucleation theory using the first (slow-cooling) method, have been compared in this work with those obtained from the second (isothermal) method. Such comparison shows that the isothermal method gives values of the same order as, but somewhat lower than, the slow-cooling method. For the other polymers, most of which are glass-forming, it is not entirely clear that the catastrophic event corresponds with homogeneous nucleation. Whereas critical supercooling and solidification rates resemble those for homogeneous nucleation, there is evidence that the interfacial energies recovered are too low and the circumstances surrounding the catastrophic event suggest that the suspending medium may be catalyzing nucleation.

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  • Analogous fractionated crystallization observations were later gathered by droplet experiments with i-PP, PEO, PA6 and i-PS.

    “Analogous observations were later gathered by droplets experiments with different polymers, i.e., i-PP [3] , PEO, PA6 and i-PS [4] .”

    From Fractionated crystallization in semicrystalline polymers (2021) · cites this paper as [4]

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Authors
Koutsky, J. A., Walton, A. G., & Baer, E.
Affiliations
Case Western Reserve University (US)
ORCID
Baer, Eric
Venue
Journal of Applied Physics
Publisher
AIP Publishing
Published
1967-03-15
Volume
38
Issue
4
Pages
1832-1839
ISSN
  • 0021-8979 (ISSN-L)
  • 1089-7550
DOI
10.1063/1.1709769
OpenAlex
W2052921397
Cited by
180
References
8
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 11
FWCI
1.51
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Journal of Applied Physics (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer crystallization and properties
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › nanoparticles nucleation surface interactions
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Material Dynamics and Properties
Keywords
homogeneous nucleation, interfacial energy, polymer suspensions, polyethylene, isotactic polypropylene, isotactic polystyrene, polyoxymethylene, polyamide 6, poly(ethylene oxide), silicone oil, slow cooling, nucleation kinetics

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