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Nonconscious semantic processing of emotional words modulates conscious access

Gaillard, Raphaël, Del Cul, Antoine, Naccache, Lionel, Vinckier, Fabien, Cohen, Laurent, Dehaene, Stanislas·2006·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
DOI 10.1073/pnas.0600584103
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Abstract

Whether masked words can be processed at a semantic level remains a controversial issue in cognitive psychology. Although recent behavioral studies have demonstrated masked semantic priming for number words, attempts to generalize this finding to other categories of words have failed. Here, as an alternative to subliminal priming, we introduce a sensitive behavioral method to detect nonconscious semantic processing of words. The logic of this method consists of presenting words close to the threshold for conscious perception and examining whether their semantic content modulates performance in objective and subjective tasks. Our results disclose two independent sources of modulation of the threshold for access to consciousness. First, prior conscious perception of words increases the detection rate of the same words when they are subsequently presented with stronger masking. Second, the threshold for conscious access is lower for emotional words than for neutral ones, even for words that have not been previously consciously perceived, thus implying that written words can receive nonconscious semantic processing.

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Metadata

Authors
Gaillard, R., Del Cul, A., Naccache, L., Vinckier, F., Cohen, L., & Dehaene, S.
Affiliations
*Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 562, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 49, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique/Département de la Recherche Médicale/Direction des Sciences du Vivant, 91401 Orsay Cedex, France; Departments of
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher
National Academy of Sciences
Published
2006-05-09
Volume
103
Issue
19
Pages
7524-7529
ISSN
  • 0027-8424
  • 1091-6490
DOI
10.1073/pnas.0600584103
Cited by
124
References
11
Language
en

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