Melanin-concentrating hormone neurons discharge in a reciprocal manner to orexin neurons across the sleep–wake cycle
Open accessAbstract
Neurons containing melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) are codistributed with neurons containing orexin (Orx or hypocretin) in the lateral hypothalamus, a peptide and region known to be critical for maintaining wakefulness. Evidence from knockout and c-Fos studies suggests, however, that the MCH neurons might play a different role than Orx neurons in regulating activity and sleep-wake states. To examine this possibility, neurons were recorded across natural sleep-wake states in head-fixed rats and labeled by using the juxtacellular technique for subsequent immunohistochemical identification. Neurons identified as MCH+ did not fire during wake (W); they fired selectively during sleep, occasionally during slow wave sleep (SWS) and maximally during paradoxical sleep (PS). As W-Off/Sleep-On, the MCH neurons discharged in a reciprocal manner to the W-On/Sleep-Off Orx neurons and could accordingly play a complementary role to Orx neurons in sleep-wake state regulation and contribute to the pathophysiology of certain sleep disorders, such as narcolepsy with cataplexy.
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Loss of MCH neurons may also contribute to the pathophysiology of posttraumatic sleep-wake disturbances.
“Loss of the MCH neurons may also contribute to the pathophysiology of posttraumatic sleep-wake disturbances as these cells are hypothesized to regulate REM sleep.22,23”
From Loss of hypocretin (orexin) neurons with traumatic brain injury (2009) · cites this paper as [22]
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Control of sleep and wakefulness
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“Loss of the MCH neurons may also contribute to the pathophysiology of post-traumatic sleep-wake disturbances, as these cells are hypothesized to regulate rapid eye movement sleep.(22,23) Overall, it seems likely that the persistent sleepiness in some TBI patients is due to a combination of reduced hypocretin signaling…”
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- Authors
- Hassani, O. K., Lee, M. G., & Jones, B. E.
- Affiliations
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (CA)
- Kyungpook National University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Jones, Barbara E.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2009-02-17
- Volume
- 106
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 2418-2422
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC2650171
- OpenAlex
- W1980603718
- Cited by
- 451
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 14.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (82762)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH-60119-01A, R01MH060119)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- melanin-concentrating hormone, orexin, sleep-wake cycle, lateral hypothalamus, neuronal firing patterns, slow-wave sleep, REM sleep, wakefulness, narcolepsy type 1, sleep disorders
- MeSH terms
- Orexins, Animals, Brain, Hypothalamic Hormones, Hypothalamus, Immunohistochemistry, Male, Melanins, Models, Biological, Neurons, Neuropeptides, Peptides, Pituitary Hormones, Sleep, Sleep, REM, Wakefulness, Rats, Long-Evans, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Rats
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