Neural Circuitry of Wakefulness and Sleep
Open accessAbstract
Sleep remains one of the most mysterious yet ubiquitous animal behaviors. We review current perspectives on the neural systems that regulate sleep/wake states in mammals and the circadian mechanisms that control their timing. We also outline key models for the regulation of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM sleep, how mutual inhibition between specific pathways gives rise to these distinct states, and how dysfunction in these circuits can give rise to sleep disorders.
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Such micro-arousals might be responsible for sleep misperception, the feeling that one was not asleep that may occur even during deep slow wave sleep.
“In addition, such micro-arousals might be responsible for sleep misperception—the feeling that one was not asleep that may occur even during deep slow wave sleep6.”
From Consciousness and sleep (2024) · cites this paper as [6]
The Overview of Sleep and Wake States (page unavailable) says arousal levels vary during NREM sleep, including deep stage N3, but does not discuss feeling awake while asleep. Searches for sleep misperception and micro-arousals found no passage linking them or describing misperception during deep slow-wave sleep. (LLM, conf=0.73)
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- Authors
- Scammell, T. E., Arrigoni, E., & Lipton, J. O.
- Affiliations
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Scammell, Thomas E.
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-02
- Volume
- 93
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 747-765
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5325713
- OpenAlex
- W2590862290
- Cited by
- 966
- References
- 203
- Citations by year
- 2026: 110 · 2025: 135 · 2024: 120 · 2023: 99 · 2022: 132 · 2021: 113 · 2020: 95 · 2019: 85 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 7.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- NIH (HL095491, DE022912, NS091126, HD071026)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Keywords
- sleep regulation, wakefulness, circadian rhythm, REM sleep, NREM sleep, neural circuits, sleep disorders, reciprocal inhibition, mammalian sleep
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Behavior, Animal, Circadian Rhythm, Humans, Neurons, Sleep, Sleep, REM, Wakefulness
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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