NREM and REM Sleep: Complementary Roles in Recovery after Wakefulness

Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V.; Delogu, Alessio

doi:10.1177/1073858413518152

Cited by 169Sleep and Wakefulness ResearchSleep and related disordersNeuroscience of respiration and sleep

NREM and REM Sleep: Complementary Roles in Recovery after Wakefulness

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Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V., Delogu, Alessio·2014·The Neuroscientist

DOI 10.1177/1073858413518152

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Abstract

The overall function of sleep is hypothesized to provide "recovery" after preceding waking activities, thereby ensuring optimal functioning during subsequent wakefulness. However, the functional significance of the temporal dynamics of sleep, manifested in the slow homeostatic process and the alternation between non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and REM sleep remains unclear. We propose that NREM and REM sleep have distinct and complementary contributions to the overall function of sleep. Specifically, we suggest that cortical slow oscillations, occurring within specific functionally interconnected neuronal networks during NREM sleep, enable information processing, synaptic plasticity, and prophylactic cellular maintenance ("recovery process"). In turn, periodic excursions into an activated brain state-REM sleep-appear to be ideally placed to perform "selection" of brain networks, which have benefited from the process of "recovery," based on their offline performance. Such two-stage modus operandi of the sleep process would ensure that its functions are fulfilled according to the current need and in the shortest time possible. Our hypothesis accounts for the overall architecture of normal sleep and opens up new perspectives for understanding pathological conditions associated with abnormal sleep patterns.

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NREM sleep is required for optimal wakefulness and cognitive function the following day.
“REM sleep occurs after slow-wave sleep and allows for emotional memory processing, while NREM sleep is required for optimal wakefulness and cognitive function the following day [19,20,21,22,23].”
From The Cyclical Battle of Insomnia and Mental Health Impairment in Firefighters: A Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [22]
The Figure 6 caption (p. 11) proposes that recovery during NREM sleep helps make the brain ready for optimal waking, and the Summary (p. 12) links sleep to optimal performance during subsequent waking. The paper presents this as a hypothesis involving complementary NREM and REM roles, not as an established finding that NREM sleep alone is required for next-day cognitive function. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
REM sleep occurs after slow-wave sleep and allows for emotional memory processing.
“REM sleep occurs after slow-wave sleep and allows for emotional memory processing, while NREM sleep is required for optimal wakefulness and cognitive function the following day [19,20,21,22,23].”
From The Cyclical Battle of Insomnia and Mental Health Impairment in Firefighters: A Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [22]

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Sleep, circadian rhythms and health
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Authors: Vyazovskiy, V. V., & Delogu, A.
Affiliations: University of Oxford (GB)
King's College London (GB)
ORCID: Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V.
Delogu, Alessio
Venue: The Neuroscientist
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2014-03-04
Volume: 20
Issue: 3
Pages: 203-219
ISSN: 1073-8584 (ISSN-L)
1089-4098
DOI: 10.1177/1073858413518152
OpenAlex: W2103230563
Cited by: 169
References: 188
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 4 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 5.77
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: The Neuroscientist (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Funders: Wellcome Trust (098461)
European Commission (322050)
Medical Research Council
FP7 People: Marie-Curie Actions
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
Keywords: NREM sleep, REM sleep, sleep function, synaptic plasticity, sleep homeostasis, sleep architecture, sleep disorders
MeSH terms: Animals, Brain, Humans, Sleep Stages, Wakefulness, Brain Waves

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NREM and REM Sleep: Complementary Roles in Recovery after Wakefulness

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