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Human gut microbiota in obesity and after gastric bypass
Open accessAbstract
Recent evidence suggests that the microbial community in the human intestine may play an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity. We examined 184,094 sequences of microbial 16S rRNA genes from PCR amplicons by using the 454 pyrosequencing technology to compare the microbial community structures of 9 individuals, 3 in each of the categories of normal weight, morbidly obese, and post-gastric-bypass surgery. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that although the Bacteria in the human intestinal community were highly diverse, they fell mainly into 6 bacterial divisions that had distinct differences in the 3 study groups. Specifically, Firmicutes were dominant in normal-weight and obese individuals but significantly decreased in post-gastric-bypass individuals, who had a proportional increase of Gammaproteobacteria. Numbers of the H(2)-producing Prevotellaceae were highly enriched in the obese individuals. Unlike the highly diverse Bacteria, the Archaea comprised mainly members of the order Methanobacteriales, which are H(2)-oxidizing methanogens. Using real-time PCR, we detected significantly higher numbers of H(2)-utilizing methanogenic Archaea in obese individuals than in normal-weight or post-gastric-bypass individuals. The coexistence of H(2)-producing bacteria with relatively high numbers of H(2)-utilizing methanogenic Archaea in the gastrointestinal tract of obese individuals leads to the hypothesis that interspecies H(2) transfer between bacterial and archaeal species is an important mechanism for increasing energy uptake by the human large intestine in obese persons. The large bacterial population shift seen in the post-gastric-bypass individuals may reflect the double impact of the gut alteration caused by the surgical procedure and the consequent changes in food ingestion and digestion.
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“In addition, amelioration of obesity by bariatric or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery results in a change in gut microbial composition (Gralka et al., 2015;Tremaroli et al., 2015;Zhang et al., 2009), even though this is not the case for weight gain in anorexia nervosa (Mack et al., 2016).”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Zhang et al., 2009
In the citing paper
“However, others did not confirm these observations [40], or even show that the relative abundance of Firmicutes was reduced in obese subjects [41].”
From Intestinal Microbiota Is Influenced by Gender and Body Mass Index (2016) · cites this paper as [40]
In the citing paper
“It accounts for ≈1% to 3% of the microbial community in healthy subjects, and its abundance is inversely correlated with body weight in mice and humans.20,21”
From Akkermansia Muciniphila Protects Against Atherosclerosis by Preventing Metabolic Endotoxemia-Induced Inflammation in Apoe −/− Mice (2016) · cites this paper as [20]
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“smaller studies in humans have found that morbidly obese subjects harbor higher proportions of Coriobacteriaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae [43]”
From Gut microbiota and glucometabolic alterations in response to recurrent partial sleep deprivation in normal-weight young individuals (2016) · cites this paper as [43]
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“suggesting that the observed changes to Coriobacteriaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae – previously linked to obesity and lipid, primarily cholesterol, metabolism [43], [44], [45] – did not acutely impact lipid metabolism.”
From Gut microbiota and glucometabolic alterations in response to recurrent partial sleep deprivation in normal-weight young individuals (2016) · cites this paper as [43]
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“Coriobacteriaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae – previously linked to obesity and lipid, primarily cholesterol, metabolism [43], [44], [45]”
From Gut microbiota and glucometabolic alterations in response to recurrent partial sleep deprivation in normal-weight young individuals (2016) · cites this paper as [43]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zhang, H., DiBaise, J. K., Zuccolo, A., Kudrna, D., Braidotti, M., Yu, Y., Parameswaran, P., Crowell, M. D., Wing, R., Rittmann, B. E., & Krajmalnik-Brown, R.
- Affiliations
- Arizona State University (US)
- Mayo Clinic in Arizona (US)
- University of Arizona (US)
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287;
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2009-02-17
- Volume
- 106
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 2365-2370
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC2629490
- OpenAlex
- W2084793748
- Cited by
- 1,880
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 66 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 100 · 2022: 113 · 2021: 115 · 2020: 159 · 2019: 138 · 2018: 136 · 2017: 138 · 2016: 151 · 2015: 141 · 2014: 116 · 2013: 128 · 2012: 104
- FWCI
- 38.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, obesity, morbid obesity, gastric bypass, bariatric surgery, Firmicutes, Gammaproteobacteria, Prevotellaceae, hydrogen-producing bacteria, Methanobacteriales, interspecies hydrogen transfer, energy metabolism, microbial community structure, 16S rRNA gene sequencing
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Archaea, Female, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa, Intestines, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Molecular Sequence Data, Obesity, Postoperative Complications, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Gastric Bypass, Body Mass Index, Sequence Analysis, DNA
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