Cited by 1,223Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and ApplicationsFunctional Brain Connectivity StudiesComplex Network Analysis Techniques

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Sex differences in the structural connectome of the human brain

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Ingalhalikar, Madhura, Smith, Alex, Parker, Drew, Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Elliott, Mark A., Ruparel, Kosha, Hakonarson, Hakon, Gur, Raquel E., Gur, Ruben C., Verma, Ragini·2014·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

DOI 10.1073/pnas.1316909110PMC PMC3896179

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Abstract

Significance: Sex differences are of high scientific and societal interest because of their prominence in behavior of humans and nonhuman species. This work is highly significant because it studies a very large population of 949 youths (8–22 y, 428 males and 521 females) using the diffusion-based structural connectome of the brain, identifying novel sex differences. The results establish that male brains are optimized for intrahemispheric and female brains for interhemispheric communication. The developmental trajectories of males and females separate at a young age, demonstrating wide differences during adolescence and adulthood. The observations suggest that male brains are structured to facilitate connectivity between perception and coordinated action, whereas female brains are designed to facilitate communication between analytical and intuitive processing modes.

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Authors: Ingalhalikar, M., Smith, A., Parker, D., Satterthwaite, T. D., Elliott, M. A., Ruparel, K., Hakonarson, H., Gur, R. E., Gur, R. C., & Verma, R.
Affiliations: Section of Biomedical Image Analysis and
University of Pennsylvania (US)
Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, and
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (US)
ORCID: Ingalhalikar, Madhura
Parker, Drew
Satterthwaite, Theodore D.
Ruparel, Kosha
Hakonarson, Hakon
Gur, Raquel E.
Gur, Ruben C.
Verma, Ragini
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Published: 2013-12-02
Volume: 111
Issue: 2
Pages: 823-828
ISSN: 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1316909110
PMC: PMC3896179
OpenAlex: W2009872283
Cited by: 1,223
References: 55
Citations by year: 2026: 69 · 2025: 91 · 2024: 95 · 2023: 95 · 2022: 77 · 2021: 111 · 2020: 147 · 2019: 101 · 2018: 112 · 2017: 89 · 2016: 97 · 2015: 70 · 2014: 66 · 2013: 2
FWCI: 60.80
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Brain and Behavior Research Foundation (K23MH098130)
National Institute of Mental Health (RC2MH089983, MH079938, MH089983, K23MH098130, R01MH079938, MH089924, RC2MH089924, MH092862, R01MH092862)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Complex Network Analysis Techniques
Keywords: sex differences, structural connectome, brain connectivity, brain development, diffusion tensor imaging, cerebellar connections, interhemispheric connectivity, network modularity, transitivity, adolescents, youth
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Brain, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Sex Characteristics, Linear Models, Young Adult, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Connectome

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Sex differences in the structural connectome of the human brain

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