Development of brain networks and relevance of environmental and genetic factors: A systematic review
Abstract
This study conducted a systematic review to synthesize findings on the development of functional and structural brain networks from the prenatal to late adolescent period. In addition, evidence for environmental and genetic influences on the development of brain networks was reviewed. Ninety two studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Diffusion MRI findings indicated that clustering decreases, local and global efficiency increase and modularity stabilizes or decreases with age. Structural covariance findings indicated that local efficiency, global efficiency and modularity, may stabilize in adolescence. Findings for resting-state functional MRI were mixed. Few studies have investigated genetic or environmental influences on development of structural or functional networks. For functional networks, genetic effects have been reported with few significant environmental factors. While no studies of this nature were found for structural networks, other research has provided evidence of age-related changes in heritability of white matter volume, fractional anisotropy, and cortical thickness. Further research is required to understand the development of brain networks and the relevance of environmental and genetic factors.
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Structural networks of white matter and resting-state functional networks each have considerable genetic components in adults.
“structural networks of white matter and resting-state functional networks each have considerable genetic components43.”
From Imaging structural and functional brain development in early childhood (2018) · cites this paper as [43]
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Van den Bergh, B. R. H., van den Heuvel, M. I., Lahti, M., Braeken, M., de Rooij, S. R., Entringer, S., Hoyer, D., Roseboom, T., Räikkönen, K., King, S., et al. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.07.003 · Cited by 1,181 · see citing works
Imaging structural and functional brain development in early childhood
Gilmore, J. H., Knickmeyer, R. C., & Gao, W. (2018) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2018.1 · Cited by 1,013 · see citing works
Heritability of aggression following social evaluation in middle childhood: An fMRI study
Achterberg, M., van Duijvenvoorde, A. C. K., van der Meulen, M., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., & Crone, E. A. (2018) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.24043 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
- Authors
- Richmond, S., Johnson, K. A., Seal, M. L., Allen, N. B., & Whittle, S.
- Affiliations
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Whittle, Sarah
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-12
- Volume
- 71
- Pages
- 215-239
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2514054620
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 167
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 4
- FWCI
- 1.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Australian Postgraduate Award
- NHMRC Career Development Fellowship (1007716)
- Royal Children’s Hospital Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Complex Network Analysis Techniques
- Keywords
- brain network development, functional brain networks, structural brain networks, adolescence, prenatal development, environmental influences, genetic factors, network efficiency, network modularity, structural covariance, resting-state functional connectivity, heritability, white matter, fractional anisotropy, cortical thickness
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Brain Mapping, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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