Community participation in biofilm matrix assembly and function
Open accessAbstract
Significance: Candida albicans is the most common fungal pathogen and frequently grows as a biofilm. These adherent communities tolerate extremely high concentrations of antifungals due in large part to the protective extracellular matrix. The present studies observe a novel reliance on multiple matrix constituents for structure and function. Furthermore, the results demonstrate how the biofilm community assembles these matrix components in the extracellular space. Our findings reveal a coordinated mechanism by which the defining trait of the biofilm lifestyle arises and identify a number of potential therapeutic targets.
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In the biofilm community, a unique extracellular mannan-glucan complex prevents antifungal drugs from reaching intracellular drug targets.
“In the biofilm community, a unique extracellular mannan-glucan complex has been shown to prevent antifungal drugs from reaching intracellular drug targets (17–20).”
From Dual function of <i>Candida auris</i> mannosyltransferase, MNT5, in biofilm community protection from antifungal therapy and the host (2025) · cites this paper as [20]
The biofilm matrix mannan-glucan complex is linked to the antifungal resistance biofilm phenotype via sequestration of antifungal.
“This complex has been linked to the antifungal resistance biofilm phenotype via sequestration of antifungal (20, 22).”
From Dual function of <i>Candida auris</i> mannosyltransferase, MNT5, in biofilm community protection from antifungal therapy and the host (2025) · cites this paper as [20]
In C. albicans, several mannan production and modification genes modulate matrix accumulation, and their disruption eliminates the protective antifungal shield, rendering the biofilm communities drug susceptible.
“In C. albicans, several mannan production and modification genes modulate matrix accumulation, and their disruption eliminates the protective antifungal shield, rendering the biofilm communities drug susceptible (20).”
From Dual function of <i>Candida auris</i> mannosyltransferase, MNT5, in biofilm community protection from antifungal therapy and the host (2025) · cites this paper as [20]
Cell wall and biofilm matrix mannan play roles in Candida biology including cell adherence, biofilm formation, and host response.
“Cell wall and biofilm matrix mannan play roles in numerous components of Candida biology including cell adherence, biofilm formation, and host response (20).”
From Dual function of <i>Candida auris</i> mannosyltransferase, MNT5, in biofilm community protection from antifungal therapy and the host (2025) · cites this paper as [20]
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“Cell wall and biofilm matrix mannan play roles in numerous components of Candida biology including cell adherence, biofilm formation, and host response (20).”
Self-citation
- Authors
- Mitchell, K. F., Zarnowski, R., Sanchez, H., Edward, J. A., Reinicke, E. L., Nett, J. E., Mitchell, A. P., & Andes, D. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Departments of Medicine and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706; and
- Carnegie Mellon University (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2015-03-13
- Volume
- 112
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 4092-4097
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC4386410
- OpenAlex
- W2039125583
- Cited by
- 183
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 11.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01 AI073289)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Keywords
- Candida albicans, biofilm matrix, extracellular matrix assembly, β-1,6-glucan, β-1,3-glucan, polysaccharide export, antifungal resistance, fungal biofilms
- MeSH terms
- Antifungal Agents, Candida albicans, Carbohydrates, Cell Wall, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Extracellular Matrix, Glucose, Mannose, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Polysaccharides, Fluconazole, Biofilms, Coculture Techniques, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
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