The DOI matches its Crossref record; 48 of the 48 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Prolongevity hormone FGF21 protects against immune senescence by delaying age-related thymic involution
Open accessAbstract
Significance: Liver-derived metabolic hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) improves insulin sensitivity and extends lifespan in mice. Aging also compromises the adaptive immune system by reducing T-cell production from the thymus. In this paper, we describe a new immunological function of FGF21 as a regulator of T-cell production from thymus in aging. The overexpression of FGF21 prevents thymic lipoatrophy, which protects the mice from age-induced loss of naïve T cells. FGF21 expression in thymic epithelial cells and signaling in thymic stromal cells support thymic function in aging. Loss of FGF21 in mice increases lethality postirradiation and delays the reconstitution of thymus. Hence, we highlight FGF21 as an immunometabolic regulator that can be harnessed to delay immune senescence.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Our finding of an increase in FGF‐21 levels after 12 months of treatment suggests that thymic regeneration by the present treatment may be mediated in part by this cytokine (Youm, Horvath, Mangelsdorf, Kliewer, & Dixit, 2016), which we believe is a novel finding.”
From Reversal of epigenetic aging and immunosenescent trends in humans. (2019) · cites this paper as Youm, Horvath, Mangelsdorf, Kliewer, & Dixit, 2016
In the citing paper
“prolonged overexpression of FGF21 in mice increases insulin sensitivity and extends lifespan64,79.”
From Metabolic messengers: FGF21 (2021) · cites this paper as [79]
In the citing paper
“The benefits of caloric restriction observed in humans have also been reported in other species, such as rats, mice, and monkeys (Colman et al, 2009;Richardson et al, 2015;Youm et al, 2016).”
From Microglia Priming with Aging and Stress (2017) · cites this paper as Youm et al, 2016
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals: Eighth Edition
(2011) · doi:10.17226/12910 · Cited by 16,199
The NLRP3 inflammasome instigates obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance
Vandanmagsar, B., Youm, Y.-H., Ravussin, A., Galgani, J. E., Stadler, K., Mynatt, R. L., Ravussin, E., Stephens, J. M., & Dixit, V. D. (2011) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2279 · Cited by 2,655
Self-citationProjection of an Immunological Self Shadow Within the Thymus by the Aire Protein
Anderson, M. S., Venanzi, E. S., Klein, L., Chen, Z.-B., Berzins, S., Turley, S., von Boehmer, H., Bronson, R., Dierich, A., Benoist, C., et al. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1075958 · Cited by 2,582
FGF-21 as a novel metabolic regulator
Kharitonenkov, A., Shiyanova, T. L., Koester, A., Ford, A. M., Micanovic, R., Galbreath, E. J., Sandusky, G. E., Hammond, L. J., Moyers, J. S., Owens, R. A., et al. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci23606 · Cited by 2,125
Changes in thymic function with age and during the treatment of HIV infection
Douek, D. C., McFarland, R. D., Keiser, P. H., Gage, E. A., Massey, J. M., Haynes, B. F., Polis, M. A., Haase, A. T., Feinberg, M. B., Sullivan#, J. L., et al. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/25374 · Cited by 1,893
Inagaki, T., Dutchak, P., Zhao, G., Ding, X., Gautron, L., Parameswara, V., Li, Y., Goetz, R., Mohammadi, M., Esser, V., et al. (2007) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2007.05.003 · Cited by 1,504
Self-citationBadman, M. K., Pissios, P., Kennedy, A. R., Koukos, G., Flier, J. S., & Maratos-Flier, E. (2007) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2007.05.002 · Cited by 1,495
FGF21 regulates PGC-1α and browning of white adipose tissues in adaptive thermogenesis
Fisher, F. M., Kleiner, S., Douris, N., Fox, E. C., Mepani, R. J., Verdeguer, F., Wu, J., Kharitonenkov, A., Flier, J. S., Maratos-Flier, E., et al. (2012) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.177857.111 · Cited by 1,478 · cited 1×
“These data agree with the prior finding that FGF21 causes browning of white adipose tissue (30).”
ResultIdentification of a novel FGF, FGF-21, preferentially expressed in the liver
Nishimura, T., Nakatake, Y., Konishi, M., & Itoh, N. (2000) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression · doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(00)00067-1 · Cited by 847
Understanding immunosenescence to improve responses to vaccines
Goronzy, J. J., & Weyand, C. M. (2013) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.2588 · Cited by 827 · cited 1×
“Given that decline in T-cell diversity is one of the major mechanisms that contributes to immune senescence and reduced immune surveillance in aging (33, 34), we next investigated the impact of FGF21 on peripheral T-cell diversity in middle-aged mice.”
Background
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Kalinkovich, A., & Livshits, G. (2017) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2016.09.008 · Cited by 882
Mittelbrunn, M., & Kroemer, G. (2021) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-021-00927-z · Cited by 702
Reversal of epigenetic aging and immunosenescent trends in humans.
Fahy, G. M., Brooke, R. T., Watson, J. P., Good, Z., Vasanawala, S. S., Maecker, H., Leipold, M. D., Lin, D. T. S., Kobor, M. S., & Horvath, S. (2019) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.13028 · Cited by 477
Microglia Priming with Aging and Stress
Niraula, A., Sheridan, J. F., & Godbout, J. P. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2016.185 · Cited by 398
Thymic involution and rising disease incidence with age
Palmer, S., Albergante, L., Blackburn, C. C., & Newman, T. J. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1714478115 · Cited by 364
Abramson, J., & Anderson, G. (2017) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-051116-052320 · Cited by 356
Flippo, K. H., & Potthoff, M. J. (2021) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-021-00354-2 · Cited by 311
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21—Metabolic Role in Mice and Men
Staiger, H., Keuper, M., Berti, L., Hrabě de Angelis, M., & Häring, H.-U. (2017) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2017-00016 · Cited by 270
Age‐related thymic involution: Mechanisms and functional impact
Liang, Z., Dong, X., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Q., & Zhao, Y. X. (2022) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.13671 · Cited by 244
Human Aging and Longevity Are Characterized by High Levels of Mitokines
Conte, M., Ostan, R., Fabbri, C., Santoro, A., Guidarelli, G., Vitale, G., Mari, D., Sevini, F., Capri, M., Sandri, M., et al. (2019) · The Journals of Gerontology: Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/gly153 · Cited by 219
Han, Y., & Kim, S. Y. (2023) · Experimental & Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/s12276-022-00906-w · Cited by 201
FGFR2 Promotes Expression of PD-L1 in Colorectal Cancer via the JAK/STAT3 Signaling Pathway
Li, P., Huang, T., Zou, Q., Liu, D., Wang, Y., Tan, X., Yao, W., & Qiu, H. (2019) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1801199 · Cited by 174
Hepatic lipid metabolism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in aging
Gong, Z., Tas, E., Yakar, S., & Muzumdar, R. H. (2016) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2016.12.022 · Cited by 153
Moon, J. S., Goeminne, L. J. E., Kim, J. T., Tian, J. W., Kim, S., Nga, H. T., Kang, S. G., Kang, B. E., Byun, J., Lee, Y., et al. (2020) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.13195 · Cited by 141
Li, X. (2019) · Frontiers of Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11684-019-0711-y · Cited by 143
Ruan, C., Kong, L., Chen, X.-H., Ma, Y., Pan, X., Zhang, Z.-B., & Gao, P. (2018) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2018.06.013 · Cited by 127
Fibroblast growth factor 21: a regulator of metabolic disease and health span
Xie, T., & Leung, P. S. (2017) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00101.2017 · Cited by 121
Regulation of longevity by FGF21: interaction between energy metabolism and stress responses
Salminen, A., Kaarniranta, K., & Kauppinen, A. (2017) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2017.05.004 · Cited by 121
FGF21 activates AMPK signaling: impact on metabolic regulation and the aging process
Salminen, A., Kauppinen, A., & Kaarniranta, K. (2016) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00109-016-1477-1 · Cited by 121
Mitochondrial stress and mitokines in aging
Burtscher, J., Soltany, A., Visavadiya, N. P., Burtscher, M., Millet, G. P., Khoramipour, K., & Khamoui, A. V. (2023) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.13770 · Cited by 123
Mitochondrial dysfunction and its association with age-related disorders
Somasundaram, I., Jain, S. M., Blot‐Chabaud, M., Pathak, S., Banerjee, A., Rawat, S. J., Sharma, N. R., & Duttaroy, A. K. (2024) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2024.1384966 · Cited by 125
Mitochondria, immunosenescence and inflammaging: a role for mitokines?
Conte, M., Martucci, M., Chiariello, A., Franceschi, C., & Salvioli, S. (2020) · Seminars in Immunopathology · doi:10.1007/s00281-020-00813-0 · Cited by 105
Gong, L., Chen, B., Zhang, J., Sun, Y., Ji, Y., Niu, X., Hu, G., Chen, Y., Xie, Z., Deng, Z., et al. (2020) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.1080/20013078.2020.1800971 · Cited by 104
Fibroblast growth factor 21 night watch: advances and uncertainties in the field
Kharitonenkov, A., & DiMarchi, R. D. (2016) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.12580 · Cited by 97
Integrated stress response stimulates FGF21 expression: Systemic enhancer of longevity
Salminen, A., Kaarniranta, K., & Kauppinen, A. (2017) · Cellular Signalling · doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.08.009 · Cited by 100
FGF21 Mediates Mesenchymal Stem Cell Senescence via Regulation of Mitochondrial Dynamics
Li, X., Hong, Y., He, H., Jiang, G., You, W., Liang, X., Fu, Q., Han, S., Lian, Q., & Zhang, Y. (2019) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2019/4915149 · Cited by 97
Brain cancer induces systemic immunosuppression through release of non-steroid soluble mediators
Ayasoufi, K., Pfaller, C. K., Evgin, L., Khadka, R. H., Tritz, Z. P., Goddery, E. N., Fain, C. E., Yokanovich, L. T., Himes, B. T., Jin, F., et al. (2020) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awaa343 · Cited by 93
Elyahu, Y., & Monsonego, A. (2020) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2020.101231 · Cited by 93
Adapting Cancer Immunotherapy Models for the Real World
Klevorn, L. E., & Teague, R. M. (2016) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2016.03.010 · Cited by 88
Thymic Atrophy: Experimental Studies and Therapeutic Interventions
Majumdar, S., & Nandi, D. (2017) · Scandinavian Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1111/sji.12618 · Cited by 84
Mitochondrial uncoupling and longevity – A role for mitokines?
Klaus, S., & Ost, M. (2019) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2019.110796 · Cited by 80
Venables, T., Griffith, A. V., DeAraujo, A., & Petrie, H. T. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11879-2 · Cited by 72
Thymus Degeneration and Regeneration
Duah, M., Li, L., Shen, J., Lan, Q., Pan, B., & Xu, K. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.706244 · Cited by 71
The emerging role of ECM crosslinking in T cell mobility as a hallmark of immunosenescence in humans
Moreau, J.-F., Pradeu, T., Grignolio, A., Nardini, C., Castiglione, F., Tieri, P., Capri, M., Salvioli, S., Taupin, J.-L., Garagnani, P., et al. (2017) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2016.11.005 · Cited by 67
Shirafkan, F., Hensel, L., & Rattay, K. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1339714 · Cited by 67
Immune senescence: significance of the stromal microenvironment
Masters, A. R., Haynes, L., Su, D.-M., & Palmer, D. B. (2016) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/cei.12851 · Cited by 65
Role of brown adipose tissue in metabolic syndrome, aging, and cancer cachexia
Dong, M., Lin, J., Lim, W., Jin, W., & Lee, H. J. (2017) · Frontiers of Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11684-017-0555-2 · Cited by 61
DAMPs in immunosenescence and cancer
Chen, F., Tang, H., Cai, X., Lin, J., Kang, R., Tang, D., & Liu, J. (2024) · Seminars in Cancer Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.09.005 · Cited by 60
Mitochondria during T cell aging
Escrig-Larena, J. I., Delgado-Pulido, S., & Mittelbrunn, M. (2023) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2023.101808 · Cited by 60
Mitochondria and mitochondria-induced signalling molecules as longevity determinants
Rose, G., Santoro, A., & Salvioli, S. (2016) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2016.12.002 · Cited by 57
Skeletal Muscle and Bone – Emerging Targets of Fibroblast Growth Factor-21
Sun, H., Sherrier, M. C., & Li, H. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.625287 · Cited by 54
Gliniak, C. M., Gordillo, R., Youm, Y., Lin, Q., Crewe, C., Zhang, Z., Field, B. C., Fujikawa, T., Virostek, M., Zhao, S., et al. (2025) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2025.05.011 · Cited by 53
Self-citationThe Roles and Pharmacological Effects of FGF21 in Preventing Aging-Associated Metabolic Diseases
Yan, J., Nie, Y., Cao, J., Luo, M., Yan, M., Chen, Z., & He, B. (2021) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.655575 · Cited by 53
Thymic stromal cells: Roles in atrophy and age-associated dysfunction of the thymus
Cepeda, S., & Griffith, A. V. (2017) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2017.12.022 · Cited by 53
Acute Thymic Involution and Mechanisms for Recovery
Ansari, A. R., & Liu, H. (2017) · Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis · doi:10.1007/s00005-017-0462-x · Cited by 51
Human thymopoiesis is influenced by a common genetic variant within the TCRA-TCRD locus
Clave, E., Araujo, I. L., Alanio, C., Patin, É., Bergstedt, J., Urrutia, A., Lopez‐Lastra, S., Li, Y., Charbit, B., MacPherson, C. R., et al. (2018) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aao2966 · Cited by 53
The cyclic metabolic switching theory of intermittent fasting
Mattson, M. P. (2025) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-025-01254-5 · Cited by 47
Endogenous thymic regeneration: restoring T cell production following injury
Granadier, D., Acenas, D. D., II, & Dudakov, J. A. (2025) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-024-01119-0 · Cited by 40
FGF21 and autophagy coordinately counteract kidney disease progression during aging and obesity
Minami, S., Sakai, S., Yamamoto, T., Takabatake, Y., Namba‐Hamano, T., Takahashi, A., Matsuda, J., Yonishi, H., Nakamura, J., Maeda, S., et al. (2023) · Autophagy · doi:10.1080/15548627.2023.2259282 · Cited by 39
Immunometabolism: Towards a Better Understanding the Mechanism of Parasitic Infection and Immunity
Chen, J.-Y., Zhou, J., & Pan, W. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.661241 · Cited by 40
Programmed ageing: decline of stem cell renewal, immunosenescence, and Alzheimer's disease
Lathe, R., & Clair, D. S. (2023) · Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1111/brv.12959 · Cited by 37
Primary and secondary defects of the thymus
Dinges, S. S., Amini, K., Notarangelo, L. D., & Delmonte, O. M. (2024) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.13306 · Cited by 37
Qian, J., Tikk, K., Weigl, K., Balavarca, Y., & Brenner, H. (2018) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41416-018-0280-x · Cited by 36
Metabolic regulation of immunological aging
Kim, H., & Dixit, V. D. (2025) · Nature Aging · doi:10.1038/s43587-025-00921-2 · Cited by 30
Self-citationThymus Functionality Needs More Than a Few TECs
Bhalla, P., Su, D., & van Oers, N. S. C. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.864777 · Cited by 33
Wu, T., Plett, P. A., Chua, H. L., Jacobsen, M. H., Sandusky, G. E., MacVittie, T. J., & Orschell, C. M. (2020) · Health Physics · doi:10.1097/hp.0000000000001352 · Cited by 31
Optimising vaccine immunogenicity in ageing populations: key strategies
Jiang, G., Zou, Y., Zhao, D., & Yu, J. (2024) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00497-3 · Cited by 27
Remodeling of tumor microenvironment by cellular senescence and immunosenescence in cervical cancer
He, Y., Qiu, Y., Yang, X., Lu, G., & Zhao, S. (2024) · Seminars in Cancer Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.11.002 · Cited by 25
Zhang, D., Pan, Z.-Y., Yu, X., Chen, Y., Gao, C.-H., Yang, Y.-T., Jiang, X., Li, N., & Pan, J. (2019) · Journal of Immunology Research · doi:10.1155/2019/4657928 · Cited by 25
Liu, X., Zhang, P., Zhang, X., Li, X., Bai, Y., Ao, Y., Hexig, B., Guo, X., & Liu, D. (2019) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2019.144242 · Cited by 24
Enhanced paracrine action of FGF21 in stromal cells delays thymic aging
Youm, Y., Gliniak, C. M., Zhang, Y., Dlugos, T., Scherer, P. E., & Dixit, V. D. (2025) · Nature Aging · doi:10.1038/s43587-025-00813-5 · Cited by 23
Self-citationEpigenetic modifications in thymic epithelial cells: an evolutionary perspective for thymus atrophy
Hu, C., Zhang, K., Jiang, F., Wang, H., & Shao, Q. (2021) · Clinical Epigenetics · doi:10.1186/s13148-021-01197-0 · Cited by 24
Thymocytes trigger self-antigen-controlling pathways in immature medullary thymic epithelial stages
Lopes, N., Boucherit, N., Santamaria, J. C., Provin, N., Charaix, J., Ferrier, P., Giraud, M., & Irla, M. (2022) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.69982 · Cited by 24
Vo, T. T. T., Huynh, T. D., Wang, C., Lai, K.-H., Lin, Z., Lin, W., Chen, Y., Peng, T., Wu, H., & Lee, I. (2022) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox11081619 · Cited by 24
Venkataraman, A., Kordic, I., Li, J., Zhang, N. Y., Bharadwaj, N. S., Fang, Z., Das, S., & Coskun, A. F. (2024) · npj Aging · doi:10.1038/s41514-024-00178-w · Cited by 21
Odinokov, D., & Hamblin, M. R. (2017) · Journal of Biophotonics · doi:10.1002/jbio.201700282 · Cited by 21
Santamaria, J. C., & Irla, M. (2026) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aeb2970 · Cited by 20
Burak, M. F., Stanley, T. L., Lawson, E. A., Campbell, S. L., Lynch, L., Hasty, A. H., Domingos, A. I., Dixit, V. D., Hotamışlıgil, G. S., Sheedy, F. J., et al. (2024) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.04.029 · Cited by 19
Self-citationMizumoto, T., Yoshizawa, T., Sato, Y., Ito, T., Tsuyama, T., Satoh, A., Araki, S., Tsujita, K., Tamura, M., Oike, Y., et al. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11223609 · Cited by 18
Serum FGF21 levels are altered by various factors including lifestyle behaviors in male subjects
Nakanishi, K., Ishibashi, C., Ide, S., Yamamoto, R., Nishida, M., Nagatomo, I., Moriyama, T., & Yamauchi‐Takihara, K. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-02075-8 · Cited by 17
Paracrine FGF21 dynamically modulates mTOR signaling to regulate thymus function across the lifespan
Wedemeyer, S. A., Jones, N. E., Raza, I. G. A., Green, F. M., Xiao, Y., Semwal, M. K., Garza, A., Archuleta, K. S., Wimberly, K., Venables, T., et al. (2025) · Nature Aging · doi:10.1038/s43587-024-00801-1 · Cited by 17
Trusz, G. J. (2024) · Differentiation · doi:10.1016/j.diff.2024.100793 · Cited by 15
Buell‐Acosta, J. D., Garcés, M. F., Baños, A. J. P., Ángel‐Müller, E., Páez, M. C., Eslava-Schmalbach, J. H., Escobar-Córdoba, F., Caminos-Cepeda, S. A., Lacunza, E., Castano, J. P., et al. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11142251 · Cited by 15
Fgf21 regulates T-cell development in the neonatal and juvenile thymus
Nakayama, Y., Masuda, Y., Ohta, H., Tanaka, T., Washida, M., Nabeshima, Y., Miyake, A., Itoh, N., & Konishi, M. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-00349-8 · Cited by 15
The dichotomic role of cytokines in aging
Silva, R. C. M. C. (2024) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-024-10152-4 · Cited by 16
Enhancing thymic function improves T-cell reconstitution and immune responses in aged mice
Morales‐Sánchez, A., Lavaert, M., Vacchio, M. S., Martinez‐Ruíz, G. U., Egbase, D., Zhao, Y., Lake, R. G., Ishikawa, M., Braikia, F.-Z., Jankovic, D. L., et al. (2025) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3003283 · Cited by 13
Artusa, P., Nguyen‐Yamamoto, L., Barbier, C., Valbon, S. F., Habashi, Y. A., Djambazian, H. H. V., Ismailova, A., Lebel, M., Salehi-Tabar, R., Sarmadi, F., et al. (2024) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adm9582 · Cited by 13
Long-term effects of a fat-directed FGF21 gene therapy in aged female mice
Anderson, J. M., Arnold, W. D., Huang, W., Ray, A., Owendoff, G., & Cao, L. (2023) · Gene Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41434-023-00422-0 · Cited by 13
Characterization of FGF21 Sites of Production and Signaling in Mice
Sullivan, A. I., Jensen-Cody, S. O., Claflin, K. E., Vorhies, K., Flippo, K. H., & Potthoff, M. J. (2024) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqae120 · Cited by 11
Immunosenescence and organoids: pathophysiology and therapeutic opportunities
Kamroo, A., Kakroudi, M. H., Sarmadian, A. J., Firouzabadi, A., Mousavi, S., Yazdanpanah, N., Saleki, K., & Rezaei, N. (2025) · Immunity & Ageing · doi:10.1186/s12979-025-00530-y · Cited by 12
Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 and Risk of Metachronous Colorectal Adenoma
Florea, A., Harris, R. B., Klimentidis, Y. C., Kohler, L. N., Jurutka, P. W., & Jacobs, E. T. (2020) · Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer · doi:10.1007/s12029-020-00515-8 · Cited by 11
Zhao, T., Wang, W., Gao, K., Li, S., Jiang, Y., Yang, Z., Liu, J., Wang, Y., & Peng, S. (2022) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.exer.2022.109014 · Cited by 12
Mishra, M., Kim, H.-H., Youm, Y.-H., Gonzalez-Hurtado, E., Zaitsev, K., Dlugos, T., Shchukina, I., Gliniak, C., Ravussin, E., Mohanty, S., et al. (2026) · Nature Aging · doi:10.1038/s43587-026-01107-0 · Cited by 10
Self-citationTherapeutic Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) in the Amelioration of Chronic Diseases
Opoku, Y. K., Liu, Z., Afrifa, J., Khoso, M. H., Ren, G., & Li, D. (2019) · International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics · doi:10.1007/s10989-019-09820-8 · Cited by 10
Metabolic Regulation of Thymic Epithelial Cell Function
Semwal, M. K., Jones, N. E., & Griffith, A. V. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.636072 · Cited by 11
Exploring Lymph Node Stroma Ageing: Immune Implications and Future Directions
Ng, Y. Y., & Tay, A. K. P. (2025) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.70000 · Cited by 9
Burning Down the House: Thymic Repair and Regeneration After Acute Damage
Dudakov, J. A., & van den Brink, M. R. M. (2025) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.70050 · Cited by 9
Nanoplastics: An emerging environmental concern in age-related diseases
Shiwakoti, S., Dhakal, B., Ok, Y., Gong, D.-S., Ko, J.-Y., Kim, P.-G., & Oak, M. (2025) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126972 · Cited by 10
Workshop Report: Modulation of Antitumor Immune Responses by Dietary and Microbial Metabolites
Kumar, A., Smith, C. K., Jobin, C., Trinchieri, G., Howcroft, T. K., Seifried, H. E., Espey, M. G., Flores, R., Kim, Y. S., & Daschner, P. J. (2017) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djx040 · Cited by 9
Metabolic Signaling as a Driver of T Cell Aging
Choi, M. S., Choi, S., Cho, M., & Kim, C. (2025) · Immune Network · doi:10.4110/in.2025.25.e14 · Cited by 8
Cheng, J., Zheng, J., Ma, C., Li, Y., & Hao, H. (2025) · Seminars in Cancer Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2025.05.010 · Cited by 8
Kitaeva, K. V., Solovyeva, V. V., Blatt, N. L., & Rizvanov, A. A. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25010643 · Cited by 7
Csaba, G. (2016) · Orvosi Hetilap · doi:10.1556/650.2016.30486 · Cited by 7
Roles of FGF21 and irisin in obesity-related diabetes and pancreatic diseases
Xie, T., & Leung, P. S. (2020) · Journal of Pancreatology · doi:10.1097/jp9.0000000000000039 · Cited by 7
Thymus in Cardiometabolic Impairments and Atherosclerosis: Not a Silent Player?
Кологривова, И. В., Naryzhnaya, N. V., & Суслова, Т. Е. (2024) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines12071408 · Cited by 6
Development of the Thymus and Kidney and Effects of Resveratrol on Their Aging in a Short-Lived Fish
Hou, Y., Li, S., Zhu, H., Qiao, M., Sun, X., & Li, G. (2023) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glad089 · Cited by 6
Thymus Maintenance and Regeneration by Specific Molecular Factors
Mendelsohn, A. R., & Larrick, J. W. (2016) · Rejuvenation Research · doi:10.1089/rej.2016.1812 · Cited by 6
Unravelling the puzzle to longevity and immunity
Kugelberg, E. (2016) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri.2016.16 · Cited by 5
Csaba, G. (2017) · Advances in Neuroimmune Biology · doi:10.3233/nib-160118 · Cited by 5
Enhanced Efficacy of Vaccination With Vaccinia Virus in Old vs. Young Mice
Shmeleva, E. V., Smith, G. L., & Ferguson, B. J. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01780 · Cited by 6
Metadata
- Authors
- Youm, Y.-H., Horvath, T. L., Mangelsdorf, D. J., Kliewer, S. A., & Dixit, V. D.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Section of Comparative Medicine and Program on Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520;
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2016-01-11
- Volume
- 113
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1026-1031
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC4743827
- OpenAlex
- W2234368921
- Cited by
- 129
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 12
- FWCI
- 8.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG043608, AG043608)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI105097, R56AI105097, R01AI105097)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK067158, R01DK090556, DK090556)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fibroblast Growth Factor Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Keywords
- FGF21, thymic involution, immunosenescence, caloric restriction, β-Klotho, thymic epithelial cells, naive T cells, brown adipose tissue, T cell reconstitution, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, thymus aging
- MeSH terms
- Immunosenescence, Aging, Animals, Fibroblast Growth Factors, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, T-Lymphocytes, Thymus Gland, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
