Habitual sleep as a contributor to racial differences in cardiometabolic risk
Open accessAbstract
Significance: Large differences in cardiovascular disease and diabetes prevalence exist between African American and European American adults. The US federal government has committed to reducing racial disparities in health; however, the precise mechanisms are not well understood. Sleep is one potential behavioral explanation for current racial differences in cardiometabolic conditions. We show that more than one-half of racial differences in cardiometabolic risk can be explained by sleep patterns—namely, less total sleep and lower sleep efficiency among African American than European American adults. Sleep is a malleable health behavior that is linked with characteristics of the social and physical environment and could be an effective target in national efforts to reduce racial health disparities.
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Among 426 individuals from the Midlife in the United States Cohort Study, actigraphy-measured sleep time explained 41% of the difference in composite cardiometabolic risk between White and Black adults.
“Similarly, among 426 individuals from the Midlife in the United States Cohort Study, actigraphymeasured sleep time explained 41% of the difference in composite cardiometabolic risk (which included insulin resistance and glucose control [e.g., HbA1c]) between White and Black adults.15”
From The effects of sleep disruption on metabolism, hunger, and satiety, and the influence of psychosocial stress and exercise: A narrative review (2024) · cites this paper as [15]
Studies with greater representation of minoritised racial/ethnic groups suggest that short sleep duration may partially explain racial differences in metabolic health.
“Studies with greater representation of minoritised racial/ethnic groups instead suggest that short sleep duration may partially explain racial differences in metabolic health, 15”
From The effects of sleep disruption on metabolism, hunger, and satiety, and the influence of psychosocial stress and exercise: A narrative review (2024) · cites this paper as [15]
Low sleep efficiency explained 58% of the difference in composite cardiometabolic risk between Black and White American adults.
“Curtis et al. reported that low sleep efficiency (sleep duration relative to the time spent in bed), explained an astonishing 58% of the difference in composite cardiometabolic risk between Black and White American adults.15”
From The effects of sleep disruption on metabolism, hunger, and satiety, and the influence of psychosocial stress and exercise: A narrative review (2024) · cites this paper as [15]
Heightened psychosocial stress exposure due to factors subsequent of structural racism may explain racial disparities in sleep health, which may causally promote racial disparities in cardiometabolic health.
“it is plausible that heightened psychosocial stress exposure due to factors subsequent of structural racism may explain racial disparities in sleep health, which may causally promote racial disparities in cardiometabolic health.”
From The effects of sleep disruption on metabolism, hunger, and satiety, and the influence of psychosocial stress and exercise: A narrative review (2024) · cites this paper as [15]
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- Authors
- Curtis, D. S., Fuller-Rowell, T. E., El-Sheikh, M., Carnethon, M. R., & Ryff, C. D.
- Affiliations
- Auburn University (US)
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849;
- Northwestern University (US)
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2017-07-31
- Volume
- 114
- Issue
- 33
- Pages
- 8889-8894
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC5565403
- OpenAlex
- W2739990171
- Cited by
- 89
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 7
- FWCI
- 9.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- HHS | National Institutes of Health (P01-AG020166)
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison (1UL1RR025011)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- sleep duration, sleep efficiency, racial disparities, cardiometabolic risk, African American adults, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, health disparities
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Black or African American, Female, Heart Diseases, Humans, Male, Metabolic Diseases, Sleep, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Biomarkers, White People
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