Cell-specific and region-specific transcriptomics in the multiple sclerosis model: Focus on astrocytes

Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis

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Astrocyte scar formation aids central nervous system axon regeneration

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Microglia development follows a stepwise program to regulate brain homeostasis

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The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, atorvastatin, promotes a Th2 bias and reverses paralysis in central nervous system autoimmune disease

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High cholesterol level is essential for myelin membrane growth

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Estriol‐mediated neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis localized by voxel‐based morphometry

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The Gut–Brain Axis as a Therapeutic Target in Multiple Sclerosis

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Game of microbes: the battle within – gut microbiota and multiple sclerosis

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Translatomic analysis of regenerating and degenerating spinal motor neurons in injury and ALS

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From Pancreatic β-Cell Gene Networks to Novel Therapies for Type 1 Diabetes

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Astrocytes as Drivers and Disruptors of Behavior: New Advances in Basic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targeting

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Neuroinflammation in Autoimmune Disease and Primary Brain Tumors: The Quest for Striking the Right Balance

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Astrocyte Heterogeneity in Multiple Sclerosis: Current Understanding and Technical Challenges

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multiWGCNA: an R package for deep mining gene co-expression networks in multi-trait expression data

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Neuroprotective Methodologies in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis Current Status of Clinical and Pre-clinical Findings

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Epigenetic control of region‐specific transcriptional programs in mouse cerebellar and cortical astrocytes

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Astrocyte heterogeneity within white matter tracts and a unique subpopulation of optic nerve head astrocytes

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Lipocalin 2 attenuates oligodendrocyte loss and immune cell infiltration in mouse models for multiple sclerosis

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Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Reduce Astrocyte Reactivity to Inflammation and Ameliorate Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

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Metabolic Dysfunction and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPAR) in Multiple Sclerosis

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TGFB1-Mediated Gliosis in Multiple Sclerosis Spinal Cords Is Favored by the Regionalized Expression of HOXA5 and the Age-Dependent Decline in Androgen Receptor Ligands

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Trem2-deficiency aggravates and accelerates age-related myelin degeneration

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Impairing committed cholesterol biosynthesis in white matter astrocytes, but not grey matter astrocytes, enhances in vitro myelination

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Transcriptional heterogeneity between primary adult grey and white matter astrocytes underlie differences in modulation of in vitro myelination

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Astrocyte phenotypes: Emphasis on potential markers in neuroinflammation.

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Principles of Astrogliopathology

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Region-Specific Homeostatic Identity of Astrocytes Is Essential for Defining Their Response to Pathological Insults

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1,2-Dichloroethane induces cortex demyelination by depressing myelin basic protein via inhibiting aquaporin 4 in mice

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Radial stem astrocytes (aka neural stem cells): Identity, development, physio‐pathology, and therapeutic potential

Yeh, C., Wu, K., Huang, G., & Verkhratsky, A. (2023) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/apha.13967 · Cited by 20

Antagonizing astrocytic platelet activating factor receptor-neuroinflammation for total flavone of epimedium in response to cuprizone demyelination

Meng-Ru, Z., Sui, R., Ming-Yang, Y., Tong, T., Zhang, L., Yang, Y., & Bao-Guo, X. (2021) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108181 · Cited by 20

Cholesterol Metabolism in CNS Diseases: The Potential of SREBP2 and LXR as Therapeutic Targets

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SARM1 promotes the neuroinflammation and demyelination through IGFBP2 / NF‐κB pathway in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice

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Unraveling the lymphatic system in the spinal cord meninges: a critical element in protecting the central nervous system

Gonuguntla, S., & Herz, J. (2023) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-023-05013-1 · Cited by 21

Quiescent stem cell marker genes in glioma gene networks are sufficient to distinguish between normal and glioblastoma (GBM) samples

Mukherjee, S. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-67753-5 · Cited by 18

Astrocytes Undergo Metabolic Reprogramming in the Multiple Sclerosis Animal Model

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Sterol dysregulation in Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome causes astrocyte immune reactivity through microglia crosstalk

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Exocytosis of large-diameter lysosomes mediates interferon γ-induced relocation of MHC class II molecules toward the surface of astrocytes

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Glial Factors Regulating White Matter Development and Pathologies of the Cerebellum

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Enhanced GABAergic Tonic Inhibition Reduces Intrinsic Excitability of Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Cells in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

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Space-Dependent Glia–Neuron Interplay in the Hippocampus of Transgenic Models of β-Amyloid Deposition

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Integrated multi-omics analysis reveals molecular changes associated with chronic lipid accumulation following contusive spinal cord injury

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Astroglial changes in the zona incerta in response to motor cortex stimulation in a rat model of chronic neuropathy

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Activity and Heterogeneity of Astrocytes in Neurological Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets

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The Antibody Dependant Neurite Outgrowth Modulation Response Involvement in Spinal Cord Injury

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Profiling the microRNA signature of the peripheral sensory ganglia in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)

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MicroRNA-mediated regulation of reactive astrocytes in central nervous system diseases

Fan, Y., Huang, H., Shao, J., & Huang, W. (2023) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2022.1061343 · Cited by 13

Genetic Variant rs755622 Regulates Expression of the Multiple Sclerosis Severity Modifier D-Dopachrome Tautomerase in a Sex-Specific Way

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Deep proteomics and phosphoproteomics reveal novel biological pathways perturbed by morphine, morphine‐3‐glucuronide and morphine‐6‐glucuronide in human astrocytes

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Ethyl Pyruvate–Derived Transdifferentiation of Astrocytes to Oligodendrogenesis in Cuprizone-Induced Demyelinating Model

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Potential of astrocytes in targeting therapy for Alzheimer’s disease

Bi, W., Lei, T., Cai, S., Zhang, X., Yang, Y., Xiao, Z., Wang, L., & Du, H. (2022) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109368 · Cited by 13

Dabigatran Suppresses PAR-1/SphK/S1P Activation of Astrocytes in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Model

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Testosterone Inhibits Secretion of the Pro-Inflammatory Chemokine CXCL1 from Astrocytes

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Divergent TDP43-regulated and TDP43-independent cryptic splicing in the cortex and spinal cord

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The thrombin receptor links brain derived neurotrophic factor to neuron cholesterol production, resiliency and repair after spinal cord injury

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Flow cytometry analysis of immune and glial cells in a trigeminal neuralgia rat model

Lin, J., Zhou, L.-X., Luo, Z., Adam, M. I., Zhao, L., Wang, F., & Luo, D. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-02911-x · Cited by 12

Astrocytic junctional adhesion molecule-A regulates T-cell entry past the glia limitans to promote central nervous system autoimmune attack

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Silencing of miR ‐132‐3p protects against neuronal injury following status epilepticus by inhibiting IL ‐1β‐induced reactive astrocyte ( A1 ) polarization

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Nicotinamide enhances myelin production after demyelination through reduction of astrogliosis and microgliosis

Kaplanis, S. I., Kaffe, D., Ktena, N., Lygeraki, A., Kolliniati, O., Savvaki, M., & Karagogeos, D. (2023) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2023.1201317 · Cited by 13

Uncovering the Genetics and Physiology behind Optic Neuritis

Negro, I. D., Pauletto, G., Verriello, L., Spadea, L., Salati, C., Ius, T., & Zeppieri, M. (2023) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes14122192 · Cited by 12

Astrocytes, a Promising Opportunity to Control the Progress of Parkinson’s Disease

Sánchez, A., Moráles, I., Rodriguez‐Sabate, C., Solé-Sabater, M., & Rodrı́guez, M. (2021) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines9101341 · Cited by 12

Application of a RiboTag‐based approach to generate and analyze mRNA from enteric neural cells

Leven, P., Schneider, R., Siemens, K. D., Jackson, W. S., & Wehner, S. (2021) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/nmo.14309 · Cited by 11

PAI-1 production by reactive astrocytes drives tissue dysfibrinolysis in multiple sclerosis models

Lebas, H., Guérit, S., Picot, A., Boulay, A. C., Fournier, A. P., Vivien, D., Cohen‐Salmon, M., Docagne, F., & Bardou, I. (2022) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-022-04340-z · Cited by 10

Mining the transcriptome of target tissues of autoimmune and degenerative pancreatic β-cell and brain diseases to discover therapies

Yi, X., de Souza, B. M., Sawatani, T., Szymczak, F., Marselli, L., Marchetti, P., Cnop, M., & Eizirik, D. L. (2022) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.105376 · Cited by 10

Comparing RNA ‐sequencing datasets from astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia in multiple sclerosis identifies novel dysregulated genes relevant to inflammation and myelination

Drake, S., Zaman, A., Simas, T., & Fournier, A. E. (2023) · WIREs Mechanisms of Disease · doi:10.1002/wsbm.1594 · Cited by 12

Astrocyte signaling and interactions in Multiple Sclerosis

Ortiz, C. K. C., & Eroğlu, Ç. (2023) · Current Opinion in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102307 · Cited by 12

Predicting Reactive Astrogliosis Propagation by Bayesian Computational Modeling: the Repeater Stations Model

Auzmendi, J., Moffatt, L., & Ramos, A. J. (2019) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-019-01749-9 · Cited by 10

Roles of astrocytes in response to aging, Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis

Planas-Fontánez, T. M., Sainato, D. M., Sharma, I., & Dreyfus, C. F. (2021) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147464 · Cited by 11

Generation of Mammalian Astrocyte Functional HeterogeneityPreprint

Bartels, T., Rowitch, D. H., & Bayraktar, O. A. (2024) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a041351 · Cited by 11

Fibroblast Growth Factor 8 Suppresses Neurotoxic Astrocytes and Alleviates Neuropathic Pain via Spinal FGFR3 Signaling

Liu, H., Yi, L., Li, G., Wang, K., Wang, H., Zhang, Y., & Liu, B. (2025) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-025-01533-x · Cited by 11

Cholesterol metabolism: Towards a therapeutic approach for multiple sclerosis

Gao, Y., & Li, X. (2023) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105501 · Cited by 9

Glial cells as a promising therapeutic target of glaucoma: beyond the IOP

Shinozaki, Y., Namekata, K., Guo, X., & Harada, T. (2024) · Frontiers in Ophthalmology · doi:10.3389/fopht.2023.1310226 · Cited by 9

Recent updates on mechanisms of cell-cell interaction in oligodendrocyte regeneration after white matter injury

Ohtomo, R., & Arai, K. (2019) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134650 · Cited by 9

Fast and Efficient Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Into ATP-Responsive Astrocytes

Juneja, D. S., Nasuto, S. J., & Delivopoulos, E. (2020) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2019.00579 · Cited by 9

Proteomic examination of the neuroglial secretome: lessons for the clinic

Kim, J., Afridi, R., Lee, W., & Suk, K. (2020) · Expert Review of Proteomics · doi:10.1080/14789450.2020.1745069 · Cited by 9

Astrocytic heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U is involved in scar formation after spinal cord injury

Quan, L., Uyeda, A., Manabe, I., & Muramatsu, R. (2025) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-025-03351-4 · Cited by 8

MCC950 suppresses NLRP3-dependent neuroinflammation and ameliorates cognitive decline in a rat model of cerebral small vessel disease

Zhang, M., Lan, X., Gao, Y., Li, S., Qiao, G., Liang, Y., Janowski, M., Walczak, P., & Chu, C. (2025) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-01055 · Cited by 9

The Diversity of Astrocyte Activation during Multiple Sclerosis: Potential Cellular Targets for Novel Disease Modifying Therapeutics

Barmpagiannos, K., Theotokis, P., Petratos, S., Pagnin, M., Einstein, O., Kesidou, E., Boziki, M. K., Artemiadis, A., Bakirtzis, C., & Grigoriadis, N. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11111585 · Cited by 9

Cathepsin-B inhibitor CA-074 attenuates retinopathy and optic neuritis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced in SJL/J mice

Khan, M. R., Ahmad, S. F., Nadeem, A., Imam, F., Al-Harbi, N. O., Khan, M. S., Alsahli, M., & Alhosaini, K. A. (2022) · Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2022.11.013 · Cited by 7

Transcriptomic Analyses of Neurotoxic Astrocytes Derived from Adult Triple Transgenic Alzheimer’s Disease Mice

Carvalho, D. B., Díaz‐Amarilla, P., Dapueto, R., Santi, M. D., Duarte, P., Savio, E., Engler, H., Abin‐Carriquiry, J. A., & Arredondo, F. (2023) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-023-02105-2 · Cited by 7

Cortical projection neurons as a therapeutic target in multiple sclerosis

Beutel, T., Dzimiera, J., Kapell, H., Engelhardt, M., Gass, A., & Schirmer, L. (2020) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets · doi:10.1080/14728222.2020.1842358 · Cited by 7

Profiling Microglia in a Mouse Model of Machado–Joseph Disease

Campos, A. B., Duarte‐Silva, S., Fernandes, B., das Neves, S. P., Marques, F., Teixeira‐Castro, A., Neves‐Carvalho, A., Monteiro‐Fernandes, D., Portugal, C. C., Socodato, R., et al. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10020237 · Cited by 7

Transcriptomics of autoimmune diseases identifies FGFR1 as a target for pancreatic β-cell protection

Yi, X., Zimath, P. L., Martín-Vázquez, E., Oliveira, J. G., Jawurek, S., Title, A. C., Yesildag, B., Mourad, N. I., Buemi, A., Pattou, F. N., et al. (2025) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2025.103469 · Cited by 7

Reactive astrocytes in prion diseases: Friend or foe?

Makarava, N., Kushwaha, R., & Baskakov, I. V. (2024) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1012286 · Cited by 8

Sex differences in the neuronal transcriptome and synaptic mitochondrial function in the cerebral cortex of a multiple sclerosis model

Itoh, N., Itoh, Y., Stiles, L., & Voskuhl, R. R. (2023) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1268411 · Cited by 6

Expression of glial cells molecules in the optic nerve of adult dromedary camel ( Camelus dromedarius ): A histological and immunohistochemical analysis

Metwally, E., Farouk, S. M., Hossain, M., & Raihan, M. O. (2018) · Anatomia Histologia Embryologia · doi:10.1111/ahe.12413 · Cited by 6

Molecular cloning and cellular expression of the cholesterol synthesizing enzymes during the prenatal development of the optic nerve in the dromedary camel (Camelus Dromedarius)

Metwally, E., Farouk, S. M., & Osman, A.-H. K. (2019) · Acta Histochemica · doi:10.1016/j.acthis.2019.05.001 · Cited by 6

Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals heterogeneity and a dynamic regenerative response of quiescent radial glia in adult zebrafish brainPreprint

Kutsia, M., Takeuchi, Y., Ranawat, N., & Masai, I. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.07.27.501663 · Cited by 5

The exercise hormone irisin has neuroprotective effects in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis

Rosenkranz, S. C., da Rocha, J. F., Moreira, L., Schlachter, P., Bier, J., Healy, K., Silva, D. N. D., Iqbal, M. A., Gharagozloo, M., Xiong, Y., et al. (2026) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-026-01527-7 · Cited by 6

Star power: harnessing the reactive astrocyte response to promote remyelination in multiple sclerosis

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Heimdall, an alternative protein issued from a ncRNA related to kappa light chain variable region of immunoglobulins from astrocytes: a new player in neural proteome

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Distinct forebrain regions define a dichotomous astrocytic profile in multiple system atrophy

Schneider, Y., Gauer, C., Andert, M., Hoffmann, A., Riemenschneider, M. J., Krebs, W., Chalmers, N., Lötzsch, C., Naumann, U. J., Xiang, W., et al. (2024) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-023-01699-3 · Cited by 7

Sterol imbalances and cholesterol‐24‐hydroxylase dysregulation is linked to the underlying progression of multiple sclerosis

Griffiths, L., Hawkins, K., Yutuc, E., Angelini, R., Fosuah, R., Pacciarini, M., Dickson, A. L., Robertson, N. P., Childs, L., Loveless, S., et al. (2025) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/bpa.70001 · Cited by 5

Transcriptomes in rat sciatic nerves at different stages of experimental autoimmune neuritis determined by RNA sequencing

Xue, Y., Yin, P., Li, G., & Zhong, D. (2019) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/cei.13354 · Cited by 5

Multiple Sclerosis Biomarker Candidates Revealed by Cell-Type-Specific Interactome Analysis

Yurduseven, K., Babal, Y. K., Çelik, E., Kerman, B. E., & Kurnaz, I. A. (2022) · OMICS A Journal of Integrative Biology · doi:10.1089/omi.2022.0023 · Cited by 5

Early life stress aggravates disease pathogenesis in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: Support for a two-hit hypothesis of multiple sclerosis etiology

Faraji, J., Bettenson, D., Yong, V. W., & Metz, G. A. S. (2023) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578240 · Cited by 7

Deletion of the X-chromosomal gene Kdm6a in microglia of female mice ameliorates neuroinflammation and restores translatome profiles

Itoh, Y., Itoh, N., Wendin, S., Higgins, N., & Voskuhl, R. R. (2025) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.adq3401 · Cited by 5

Curing the brain: in search for new astrocyte-specific therapies

Verkhratsky, A., Lee, C. J., Chun, H., Göritz, C., Harkany, T., Lee, J., Lee, S., Lindskog, M., Koh, W., Mulder, J., et al. (2026) · Experimental & Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/s12276-026-01712-4 · Cited by 8

A totally OSM gift to astrocytes relieves inflammation

Wang, A. A., & Gommerman, J. L. (2021) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2021.02.011 · Cited by 4

Glial Cell Metabolic Profile Upon Iron Deficiency: Oligodendroglial and Astroglial Casualties of Bioenergetic Adjustments

Rosato‐Siri, M. V., Adami, P. V. M., Guitart, M. E., Verstraeten, S. V., Morelli, L., Correale, J. D., & Pasquini, J. M. (2023) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-022-03149-y · Cited by 4

A new cell subtype that confers neuroprotection

Voskuhl, R. R. (2020) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-020-00821-0 · Cited by 4

3D chromatin-based variant-to-gene maps across 57 human cell types reveal the cellular and genetic architecture of autoimmune disease susceptibility

Trang, B. K., Sharma, P. K., Cook, L. E., Mount, Z., Thomas, R. M., Kulkarni, N. N., Cabrera, E. C., Rachimi, S., Pahl, M. C., Pippin, J. A., et al. (2025) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-025-03880-4 · Cited by 7

Glioinflammation: disease-associated microglia and astrocytes in psychiatric disorders, neurodegeneration, and senescence

Uemura, K., Hiro, S., Attachaipanich, S., Du, R., Yusof, N. I. S. M., Kinoshita, M., Hikosaka, M., & Ohtsuki, G. (2026) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2025.1669272 · Cited by 5

The phenotypic transformation of astrocytes after AIS can be regulated by microglial GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis

Zhang, Y., Zhou, Y., Zhang, W., Qian, Y., Chen, Z., Pei, L., Zhang, D., Cheng, W., Tian, M., Zong, C., et al. (2025) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2025.115595 · Cited by 2

A Lipid Road to Neuroimmunology: Fatty Acids Linking Immune and Nervous Systems

Moraes-de-Souza, I., de Moraes, B. P. T., Muniz‐Santos, R., Gomes-Reis, G. L. D. S., dos Santos, F. D. S., Saraiva, J. S. G., Ferreira-Costa, M., da Cunha, C. M. C., Carpinter, B. A., Silva, A. R., et al. (2025) · NeuroImmunoModulation · doi:10.1159/000550168 · Cited by 2

ABCA1: A Therapeutic Target for Improving Cholesterol Homeostasis in Peripheral Neuropathies

Woo, Y. H., Schmidt, N. E., Johansson, J. O., & Notterpek, L. M. (2026) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom16020332 · Cited by 2

Astrocyte Transciptomics in EAE Lead to Cholesterol Homeostasis as a New Treatment Target (P2.401)

Itoh, N., Itoh, Y., Tassoni, A., Sofroniew, M. V., & Voskuhl, R. R. (2018) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.90.15_supplement.p2.401

The astrocyte transcriptome in EAE optic neuritis shows complement activation and reveals a sex difference in astrocytic C3 expression

Tassoni, A., Farkhondeh, V., Itoh, Y., Itoh, N., Sofroniew, M. V., & Voskuhl, R. R. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-46232-6 · Cited by 73

MAFG-driven astrocytes promote CNS inflammation

Wheeler, M. A., Clark, I. C., Tjon, E. C., Li, Z., Zandee, S. E. J., Couturier, C. P., Watson, B. R., Scalisi, G., Alkwai, S., Rothhammer, V., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-1999-0 · Cited by 501

Characterization of microglial transcriptomes in the brain and spinal cord of mice in early and late experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis using a RiboTag strategy

Acharjee, S., Gordon, P. M. K., Lee, B. H., Read, J. L., Workentine, M. L., Sharkey, K. A., & Pittman, Q. J. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-93590-1 · Cited by 13

Astrocytes Undergo Metabolic Reprogramming in the Multiple Sclerosis Animal Model

das Neves, S. P., Sousa, J. C., Magalhães, R. J. D. S., Gao, F., Coppola, G., Mériaux, S., Boumezbeur, F., Sousa, N., Cerqueira, J., & Marques, F. (2023) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells12202484 · Cited by 16