Chinmo is the larval member of the molecular trinity that directs Drosophila metamorphosis
Open accessAbstract
Significance: The genome of insects with complete metamorphosis contains the instructions for making three distinct body forms, that of the larva, of the pupa, and of the adult. However, the molecular mechanisms by which each gene set is called forth and stably expressed are poorly understood. A half century ago, it was proposed that there was a set of three master genes that inhibited each other’s expression and enabled the expression of genes for each respective stage. We show that the transcription factor chinmo is essential for maintaining the larval stage in Drosophila , and with two other regulatory genes, broad and E93 , makes up the trinity of mutually repressive master genes that underlie insect metamorphosis.
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Chinmo is anti-metamorphic and suppresses the expression of broad and E93.
“Chinmo is anti-metamorphic and suppresses the expression of broad and E93 .”
From Regulation of metamorphosis in holometabolous insects (2026) · cites this paper as [59]
In holometabolous insects, the larval, pupal, and adult stages are determined by three metamorphic genes: chinmo, broad, and E93, respectively.
“In holometabolous insects, the larval, pupal, and adult stages are determined by three metamorphic genes: chinmo, broad , and E93 , respectively.”
From Regulation of metamorphosis in holometabolous insects (2026) · cites this paper as [59]
Chinmo has a broader role in maintaining the larval stage in Drosophila.
“Two independent studies in Drosophila subsequently showed that chinmo had a broader role in maintaining the larval stage [59,7].”
From Regulation of metamorphosis in holometabolous insects (2026) · cites this paper as [59]
Chinmo maintains the larval state in both Drosophila and Tribolium, and it inhibits both broad and E93 expression.
“Chinmo maintains the larval state in both Drosophila [59,7] and Tribolium [30], and it inhibits both broad and E93 expression .”
From Regulation of metamorphosis in holometabolous insects (2026) · cites this paper as [59]
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- Authors
- Truman, J. W., & Riddiford, L. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Riddiford, Lynn M.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2022-04-04
- Volume
- 119
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- e2201071119-e2201071119
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC9169713
- OpenAlex
- W4224046048
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 3.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (none)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Keywords
- Chinmo, Drosophila metamorphosis, larval development, gene repression, chromatin regulation, transcriptional repression, developmental gene expression
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Drosophila melanogaster, Larva, Metamorphosis, Biological, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Pupa, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Drosophila Proteins
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