Cited by 1,349Face Recognition and PerceptionMemory and Neural MechanismsVisual perception and processing mechanisms

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A subcortical pathway to the right amygdala mediating “unseen” fear

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Morris, J. S., Öhman, A., Dolan, R. J.·1999·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Abstract

Neuroimaging studies have shown differential amygdala responses to masked (“unseen”) emotional stimuli. How visual signals related to such unseen stimuli access the amygdala is unknown. A possible pathway, involving the superior colliculus and pulvinar, is suggested by observations of patients with striate cortex lesions who show preserved abilities to localize and discriminate visual stimuli that are not consciously perceived (“blindsight”). We used measures of right amygdala neural activity acquired from volunteer subjects viewing masked fear-conditioned faces to determine whether a colliculo-pulvinar pathway was engaged during processing of these unseen target stimuli. Increased connectivity between right amygdala, pulvinar, and superior colliculus was evident when fear-conditioned faces were unseen rather than seen. Right amygdala connectivity with fusiform and orbitofrontal cortices decreased in the same condition. By contrast, the left amygdala, whose activity did not discriminate seen and unseen fear-conditioned targets, showed no masking-dependent changes in connectivity with superior colliculus or pulvinar. These results suggest that a subcortical pathway to the right amygdala, via midbrain and thalamus, provides a route for processing behaviorally relevant unseen visual events in parallel to a cortical route necessary for conscious identification.

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Self-citation
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Authors: Morris, J. S., Öhman, A., & Dolan, R. J.
Affiliations: Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
ORCID: Dolan, R. J.
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Published: 1999-02-16
Volume: 96
Issue: 4
Pages: 1680-1685
ISSN: 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.4.1680
PMC: PMC15559
OpenAlex: W2116366629
Cited by: 1,349
References: 54
Citations by year: 2026: 27 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 53 · 2015: 63 · 2014: 51 · 2013: 70 · 2012: 55
FWCI: 19.46
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion, other-oa)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: Wellcome Trust
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Keywords: masked stimuli, right amygdala, superior colliculus, pulvinar, subcortical pathways, fear conditioning, face perception, fusiform cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, thalamus, midbrain, unconscious visual processing, blindsight
MeSH terms: Adult, Amygdala, Brain, Brain Mapping, Facial Expression, Fear, Humans, Male, Neural Pathways, Neurons, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Regression Analysis, Superior Colliculi, Thalamus, Tomography, Emission-Computed

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A subcortical pathway to the right amygdala mediating “unseen” fear

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