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A subcortical pathway to the right amygdala mediating “unseen” fear
Open accessAbstract
Neuroimaging studies have shown differential amygdala responses to masked (“unseen”) emotional stimuli. How visual signals related to such unseen stimuli access the amygdala is unknown. A possible pathway, involving the superior colliculus and pulvinar, is suggested by observations of patients with striate cortex lesions who show preserved abilities to localize and discriminate visual stimuli that are not consciously perceived (“blindsight”). We used measures of right amygdala neural activity acquired from volunteer subjects viewing masked fear-conditioned faces to determine whether a colliculo-pulvinar pathway was engaged during processing of these unseen target stimuli. Increased connectivity between right amygdala, pulvinar, and superior colliculus was evident when fear-conditioned faces were unseen rather than seen. Right amygdala connectivity with fusiform and orbitofrontal cortices decreased in the same condition. By contrast, the left amygdala, whose activity did not discriminate seen and unseen fear-conditioned targets, showed no masking-dependent changes in connectivity with superior colliculus or pulvinar. These results suggest that a subcortical pathway to the right amygdala, via midbrain and thalamus, provides a route for processing behaviorally relevant unseen visual events in parallel to a cortical route necessary for conscious identification.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Morris, J. S., Öhman, A., & Dolan, R. J.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
- ORCID
- Dolan, R. J.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1999-02-16
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1680-1685
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC15559
- OpenAlex
- W2116366629
- Cited by
- 1,349
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 53 · 2015: 63 · 2014: 51 · 2013: 70 · 2012: 55
- FWCI
- 19.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Keywords
- masked stimuli, right amygdala, superior colliculus, pulvinar, subcortical pathways, fear conditioning, face perception, fusiform cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, thalamus, midbrain, unconscious visual processing, blindsight
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Amygdala, Brain, Brain Mapping, Facial Expression, Fear, Humans, Male, Neural Pathways, Neurons, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Regression Analysis, Superior Colliculi, Thalamus, Tomography, Emission-Computed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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