Raman Spectroscopy Analysis of Botryococcene Hydrocarbons from the Green Microalga Botryococcus braunii
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Botryococcus braunii, B race is a unique green microalga that produces large amounts of liquid hydrocarbons known as botryococcenes that can be used as a fuel for internal combustion engines. The simplest botryococcene (C(30)) is metabolized by methylation to give intermediates of C(31), C(32), C(33), and C(34), with C(34) being the predominant botryococcene in some strains. In the present work we have used Raman spectroscopy to characterize the structure of botryococcenes in an attempt to identify and localize botryococcenes within B. braunii cells. The spectral region from 1600-1700 cm(-1) showed ν(C=C) stretching bands specific for botryococcenes. Distinct botryococcene Raman bands at 1640 and 1647 cm(-1) were assigned to the stretching of the C=C bond in the botryococcene branch and the exomethylene C=C bonds produced by the methylations, respectively. A Raman band at 1670 cm(-1) was assigned to the backbone C=C bond stretching. Density function theory calculations were used to determine the Raman spectra of all botryococcenes to compare computed theoretical values with those observed. The analysis showed that the ν(C=C) stretching bands at 1647 and 1670 cm(-1) are actually composed of several closely spaced bands arising from the six individual C=C bonds in the molecule. We also used confocal Raman microspectroscopy to map the presence and location of methylated botryococcenes within a colony of B. braunii cells based on the methylation-specific 1647 cm(-1) botryococcene Raman shift.
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The pattern of spectra and bands present in M. contortum and Chlamydomonas sp. conform to the spectra of green microalgae.
“The pattern of the spectra and the bands present in the two species conform to the spectra of the green microalgae [18,23,53,55].”
From Response to nutrient variation on lipid productivity in green microalgae captured using second derivative FTIR and Raman spectroscopy (2022) · cites this paper as [55]
The protein bands at approximately 1658 cm-1 and 1547 cm-1 seen in FTIR were not prominent in the Raman spectra.
“The characteristic bands of proteins observed in the FTIR spectra at ~1658 cm -1 and ~1547 cm -1 were not prominent in the Raman spectra, because carbonyl stretches (C=O) are weak [39].”
From Biomolecular transitions and lipid accumulation in green microalgae monitored by FTIR and Raman analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [39]
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- Authors
- Weiss, T. L., Chun, H. J., Okada, S., Vitha, S., Holzenburg, A., Laane, J., & Devarenne, T. P.
- Affiliations
- Texas A&M University (US)
- The University of Tokyo (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Devarenne, Timothy P.
- Venue
- Journal of Biological Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-10
- Volume
- 285
- Issue
- 42
- Pages
- 32458-32466
- ISSN
- 0021-9258 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2952247
- OpenAlex
- W2004393345
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 4.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Biological Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies
- Keywords
- Botryococcus braunii, botryococcenes, green microalgae, liquid hydrocarbons, Raman band assignment, DFT calculations, confocal Raman spectroscopy, biofuels
- MeSH terms
- Inclusion Bodies, Hydrocarbons, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, Squalene, Molecular Structure, Microalgae
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