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Descriptive Translation Studies – and beyond
Abstract
A replacement of the author's well-known book on Translation Theory, In Search of a Theory of Translation (1980), this book makes a case for Descriptive Translation Studies as a scholarly activity as well as a branch of the discipline, having immediate consequences for issues of both a theoretical and applied nature. Methodological discussions are complemented by an assortment of case studies of various scopes and levels, with emphasis on the need to contextualize whatever one sets out to focus on. Part One deals with the position of descriptive studies within TS and justifies the author's choice to devote a whole book to the subject. Part Two gives a detailed rationale for descriptive studies in translation and serves as a framework for the case studies comprising Part Three. Concrete descriptive issues are here tackled within ever growing contexts of a higher level: texts and modes of translational behaviour — in the appropriate cultural setup; textual components — in texts, and through these texts, in cultural constellations. Part Four asks the question: What is knowledge accumulated through descriptive studies performed within one and the same framework likely to yield in terms of theory and practice?This is an excellent book for higher-level translation courses.
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“Moreover, they understand this process of negotiation to be inseparable from the specific social context and concrete historical moment in which the translational acts take place.17”
From Mixing Metaphors: Translating the Indian Medical Doctrine Tridoa in Chinese Buddhist Sources (2010) · cites this paper as Toury 1995
In the citing paper
“Throughout the medieval period, eminent Buddhists such as Dao'an 道安 (312/314-385) and Xuanzang 玄奘 (602-664) attempted to establish norms that would govern translation practices.20”
From Mixing Metaphors: Translating the Indian Medical Doctrine Tridoa in Chinese Buddhist Sources (2010) · cites this paper as Toury 1995, pp. 53-69
In the citing paper
“Most scholars of translation, if they acknowledge any possibility of equivalence at all, insist that it is not something inherent in the languages, but the product of an individual translator's active negotiation and compromise between two different systems of meaning.”
From Mixing Metaphors: Translating the Indian Medical Doctrine Tridoa in Chinese Buddhist Sources (2010) · cites this paper as Toury 1995
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Items 501–600 of 929
Transcreation as text production
Díaz-Millón, M. (2026) · Translation and Translanguaging in Multilingual Contexts · doi:10.1075/ttmc.25013.dia · Cited by 1
Kim, J. Y. (2026) · Journal of Universal Language · doi:10.22425/jul.2026.27.1.27 · Cited by 1
“The study follows the general perspective of descriptive translation studies, which aims to observe translation practices as they appear in real contexts rather than prescribing ideal solutions (Toury 1995).”
Translation as language contact: a multidimensional perspective of syntactic variation
Liu, Y.-M. (2026) · Frontiers in Language Sciences · doi:10.3389/flang.2025.1712405 · Cited by 1
“The translation can also conform to linguistic norms in the target language, which is referred to as normalization (Baker, 1993, 1996; Toury, 1995), adaptation (Hu, 2003; Houlind, 2001), or domestication (Wang, 2014).”
A Bibliometric Analysis of Trends and Developments in Corpus Translation Studies (2015–2024)
Hu, Y.-Y., & Liu, K. (2026) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440261415716 · Cited by 1
“The most cited global works likewise reflect the enduring influence of certain translation theories and frameworks from adjacent disciplines, such as descriptive translation studies (Toury, 1995) and corpus linguistics (Biber et al., 1999).”
Methodological coordinate system for empirical translation-oriented terminology research
Saiko, M., Dorofeieva, M., & Kiyko, S. (2025) · Glottotheory · doi:10.1515/glot-2025-2016 · Cited by 1
“Toury (1995) positioned DTS as a comprehensive research paradigm that fundamentally shifted translation studies from prescriptive to descriptive approaches, establishing systematic methodologies for investigating translation phenomena as they occur rather than as they should occur according to…”
Revisiting Reflection: AI-Driven Transformation of Translation Reflection
Heine, C. (2025) · Research in Language · doi:10.18778/1731-7533.23.02 · Cited by 1
“It advocates for a descriptive rather than a prescriptive approach to translation (Toury 1995).”
Translating Istanbul: Divergent Voices in Travel Writing
Sırkıntı, H. G. (2025) · Text Matters · doi:10.18778/2083-2931.15.13 · Cited by 1
Gao, F., & Wang, B.-H. (2025) · Language and Intercultural Communication · doi:10.1080/14708477.2025.2578454 · Cited by 1
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Li, J., & Hu, X. (2025) · International Journal of Corpus Linguistics · doi:10.1075/ijcl.24048.li · Cited by 1
Zhang, L. (2025) · The International Journal of Asian Studies · doi:10.1017/s1479591425100260 · Cited by 1
Zhao, R., & Zhuang, S.-Y. (2025) · Multimodal Communication · doi:10.1515/mc-2025-0025 · Cited by 1
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Zabalbeascoa, P. (2025) · Między Oryginałem a Przekładem · doi:10.12797/moap.31.2025.69.06 · Cited by 1
A mixed-methods analysis of the translation of quotations in international news dispatches
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Yalçın, P., Büyüksaraç, Z., & Aras, M. (2025) · International Journal of Languages' Education and Teaching · doi:10.71084/ijlet.1596355 · Cited by 1
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Liu, Y., Xu, H., & Li, D. (2025) · Perspectives · doi:10.1080/0907676x.2025.2497783 · Cited by 4
Constrained communication of motion events
Shen, L. (2025) · Review of Cognitive Linguistics · doi:10.1075/rcl.00218.she · Cited by 1
The Laws of Translation: The Translation of Coinages in Children’s Literature into Malay
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The exploration of compensation in English literal translation of Sesotho proverbs
Molulela, R. M., Possa, R., & Mohlomi, M. J. (2025) · Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies · doi:10.2989/16073614.2024.2313691 · Cited by 1
“Pym (2010: 3) adds that DTS focuses on identifying ‘[…] how people actually do translate, no matter the supposed quality’; and is echoed by Toury (1995: 11), who states that DTS is ‘the study of what translation DOES involve, under various sets of circumstances, along with the REASONS for that…”
Corpora in Interpreting Studies: East Asian Perspectives
Yao, Y., & Li, D.-C. (2025) · Corpus-based Studies across Humanities · doi:10.1515/csh-2025-0003 · Cited by 1
Narratives in film title translation
Zhang, Q., & Osborne, C. (2025) · Translation Spaces · doi:10.1075/ts.24005.zha · Cited by 1
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Elsherif, G. (2025) · Target · doi:10.1075/target.00025.els · Cited by 1
Ed-dali, R. (2025) · Open Education Studies · doi:10.1515/edu-2025-0092 · Cited by 1
“This process involves internalizing the norms valued by the group to gain acceptance and recognition (Toury, 1995).”
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Bogucki, Ł., Michoń, M., & Deckert, M. (2024) · Perspectives · doi:10.1080/0907676x.2024.2415978 · Cited by 1
“As far as our study’s conceptual-methodological orientation goes, it is pertinent to mention that the interest in studying the reception of translations was mainly brought about by Descriptive Translation Studies (Toury, 1995).”
Hamdan, M., & Samara, R. (2024) · Asia Pacific Translation and Intercultural Studies · doi:10.1080/23306343.2024.2419691 · Cited by 1
Çeliktaş, S., & Ertekin, M. Z. (2024) · Kurdiyat · doi:10.55118/kurdiyat.1489912 · Cited by 1
Unlocking cultural riches: navigating cultural terms translation in ‘The Treasure’ Egyptian movie
Abdelaal, N. (2024) · Cogent Arts & Humanities · doi:10.1080/23311983.2024.2401250 · Cited by 1
“…factors to include cultural nuances. cultural disparities, particularly concerning cultural terms, present significant hurdles for subtitlers (toury, 1995). strategies like foreignization, functionalism, and domestication are employed to tackle these challenges, extending to the translation…”
“Telling China’s story well”? Tifa, translation, and discursive power in the Quotidiano del Popolo
Lupano, E. (2024) · Translator · doi:10.1080/13556509.2024.2372127 · Cited by 1
“However, the comparative analysis showed that the premise of Descriptive Translation Studies that ‘translations are facts of target cultures’ (Toury 1995, 29) is not fully applicable to the case at hand.”
“Determined to prove a villain”
Spišiaková, E. (2024) · Target · doi:10.1075/target.23001.spi · Cited by 1
Translating Ukrainian Poetry into Estonian: Acts of Identity
Verschik, A. (2024) · Journal of Eurasian studies · doi:10.1177/18793665241270731 · Cited by 1
“He recalls the famous map by Holmes (1988) that has been reproduced in many studies, also as a diagram (Toury, 1995, p. 10).”
The reception of post-Soviet Russian fiction through the peritexts of Finnish translations
Sorvari, M. (2024) · Perspectives · doi:10.1080/0907676x.2024.2355189 · Cited by 1
“The rationale of this research object stems from the idea that translations fill gaps in the target culture, i.e. ‘something is “missing” in the target culture which should have been there and which, luckily, already exists elsewhere’ (Toury, 1995/2012, p. 27).”
Locating the digital in literary translatorship
Zhang, W.-Q., Akashi, M., & Freeth, P. (2024) · Translation in Society · doi:10.1075/tris.24008.zha · Cited by 1
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Brighi, G. (2024) · Perspectives · doi:10.1080/0907676x.2024.2316727 · Cited by 1
“Finally, finding a solution to the described fragmentation by adding arrows showing the dialectical relations between the different strands – as done by Toury (1995, p. 15,18) – is rejected, with the argument that this addition would demonstrate the pointlessness of using a map (Pym, 1998, pp. 1–4).”
Fernández-Gil, M. J., & Lamelas, M. B. (2023) · Pulso: Revista de Educación · doi:10.58265/pulso.5953 · Cited by 1
“Ana Frank y las normas de traducción en la España nacional-católica de Franco La primera experiencia se enmarca en la asignatura obligatoria de tercer curso “Funda-mentos de la traducción” y consistió en presentar, por medio de uno de los textos literarios más conocidos sobre el Holocausto, Diario de Ana Frank (1929-1…”
BackgroundInfluentialLiu, Y.-C., Casas-Tost, H., & Rovira-Esteva, S. (2023) · Perspectives · doi:10.1080/0907676x.2023.2268660 · Cited by 1
“Toury (1995) de fi nes translation as a norm-governed activity favouring a target-oriented framework for translation studies.”
Lanza, C. G., & Castro, C. G. (2023) · Perspectives · doi:10.1080/0907676x.2023.2237982 · Cited by 1
“Textual analyses were carried out using the TRACE (translation and censorship) descriptive-comparative method (Gutiérrez Lanza, 2005), 3 based on Descriptive Translation Studies (Toury, 1995/2012).”
Atan, N., & Çoban, E. (2023) · RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi · doi:10.29000/rumelide.1342162 · Cited by 1
Efsuncu Baba Romanı Işığında Türkiye'de Diliçi Çeviri
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Campbell, S. (2023) · Translation review · doi:10.1080/07374836.2023.2231039 · Cited by 1
Wang, X. (2023) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440231178304 · Cited by 1
“It examines a translation phenomenon different from other studies either as source-initiated translation (Yu & Wu, 2018) or facts of target culture (Toury, 1995), as the OSA is first drafted in Chinese (source language) for translation with diplomatic purpose, and then translated into other…”
MethodHalimi, S. (2023) · International Journal of Legal Discourse · doi:10.1515/ijld-2023-2004 · Cited by 1
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Veselica-Majhut, S. (2022) · Przekładaniec · doi:10.4467/16891864epc.22.005.16519 · Cited by 1
“First, we conducted an analysis of textual data (segments of the selected STs and TTs) following the Descriptive Translation Studies paradigm (Toury 1995: 70–101).”
Rędzioch-Korkuz, A. (2022) · Translator · doi:10.1080/13556509.2022.2069319 · Cited by 1
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Rudhel, M. M. Y., & Xu, W. (2021) · Indian Journal of Language and Linguistics · doi:10.54392/ijll2144 · Cited by 1
“Unlike Harris, who advocates for ‘natural translation,’ Toury (1995) proposes the expression ‘native translator’ alluding to ‘transfer competence’ instead of possessing bilingual and linguistic competencies.”
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“Toury (1995).”
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“One can fully agree with Galvão and Gideon Toury, who saw this map as a legitimate starting point for further studies (Toury, 1995, p. 10).”
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“…dans cette analogie est développé de façon beaucoup plus cohérente par le recours à d’autres concepts, tels que celui de « système » (v. par exemple Toury, 1995 : les normes, les règles et les idiosyncrasies dont parle cet auteur pourraient facilement prendre la place des « règles du jeu »…”
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Mediating metaphor in English translations of Dante's Inferno, Canto 13
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Metadata
- Authors
- Toury, G.
- Affiliations
- Tel Aviv University (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Toury, Gideon
- Venue
- Benjamins Translation Library
- Publisher
- John Benjamins Publishing Company
- Published
- 1995-05-18
- ISSN
- 0929-7316 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4230225957
- Cited by
- 3,758
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 159 · 2025: 158 · 2024: 205 · 2023: 297 · 2022: 223 · 2021: 273 · 2020: 251 · 2019: 217 · 2018: 222 · 2017: 376 · 2016: 241 · 2015: 153 · 2014: 132 · 2013: 139 · 2012: 86
- FWCI
- 56.08
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Benjamins translation library (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Translation Studies and Practices
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Subtitles and Audiovisual Media
- Social Sciences › Linguistics and Language › Language and Culture
- Keywords
- descriptive translation studies, translation theory, translation practice, cultural context in translation, translation methodology, translation studies as a discipline
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