The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 1 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
The ASA Statement on p -Values: Context, Process, and Purpose
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24 Own interpretation · 2 No basis given · 1 No full text of the sources
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In the paper
“The widespread use of”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Statistical significance is not equivalent to scientific, human, or economic significance.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For example, a p-value near 0.05 taken by itself offers only weak evidence against the null hypothesis.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By itself, a p-value does not provide a good measure of evidence regarding a model or hypothesis.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, identical estimated effects will have different p-values if the precision of the estimates differs.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A p-value provides one approach to summarizing the incompatibility between a particular set of data and a proposed model for the data.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. P-values can indicate how incompatible the data are with a specified statistical model.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Conducting multiple analyses of the data and reporting only those with certain p-values (typically those passing a significance threshold) renders the reported p-values essentially uninterpretable.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Whenever a researcher chooses what to present based on statistical results, valid interpretation of those results is severely compromised if the reader is not informed of the choice and its basis.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The smaller the p-value, the greater the statistical incompatibility of the data with the null hypothesis, if the underlying assumptions used to calculate the p-value hold.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. P-values can indicate how incompatible the data are with a specified statistical model.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Valid scientific conclusions based on p-values and related statistics cannot be drawn without at least knowing how many and which analyses were conducted, and how those analyses (including p-values) were selected for reporting.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 10
- It may state two separate claims as one. 10
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This has led to some scientific journals discouraging the use of p-values, and some scientists and statisticians recommending their abandonment, with some arguments essentially unchanged since p-values were first introduced.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. Introduction
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The statistical community has been deeply concerned about issues of reproducibility and replicability of scientific conclusions.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While the p-value can be a useful statistical measure, it is commonly misused and misinterpreted.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. Introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A conclusion does not immediately become”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All these measures and approaches rely on further assumptions, but they may more directly address the size of an effect (and its associated uncertainty) or whether the hypothesis is correct.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 4. Other Approaches
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The validity of scientific conclusions, including their reproducibility, depends on more than the statistical methods themselves.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. Introduction
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is a statement about data in relation to a specified hypothetical explanation, and is not a statement about the explanation itself.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 2. P-values do not measure the probability that the studied hypothesis is true, or the probability that the data were produced by random chance alone.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Researchers should recognize that a p-value without context or other evidence provides limited information.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Likewise, a relatively large p-value does not imply evidence in favor of the null hypothesis; many other hypotheses may be equally or more consistent with the observed data.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This incompatibility can be interpreted as casting doubt on or providing evidence against the null hypothesis or the underlying assumptions.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. P-values can indicate how incompatible the data are with a specified statistical model.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Appropriately chosen techniques, properly conducted analyses and correct interpretation of statistical results also play a key role in ensuring that conclusions are sound and that uncertainty surrounding them is represented properly.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. Introduction
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Misunderstanding or misuse of statistical inference is only one cause of the”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Peng 2015 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Smaller p-values do not necessarily imply the presence of larger or more important effects, and larger p-values do not imply a lack of importance or even lack of effect.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“P-values do not measure the probability that the studied hypothesis is true, or the probability that the data were produced by random chance alone.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 2. P-values do not measure the probability that the studied hypothesis is true, or the probability that the data were produced by random chance alone.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In view of the prevalent misuses of and misconceptions concerning p-values, some statisticians prefer to supplement or even replace p-values with other approaches.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 4. Other Approaches
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
There is widespread consensus in the statistical community on the principles articulated in the ASA statement.
“according to widespread consensus in the statistical community”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“While the large scale of the Tabula Muris Senis dataset provides substantial power to predict subtle changes in LR interactions, the biological complexity, dependencies among communication pairs, and multiple testing burden require that these p-values be interpreted within a broader biological and statistical context [33].”
From Quantitative profiling of lifespan-dependent cell-cell communication potential reveals dynamic ligand-receptor network shifts across mouse tissues (2026) · cites this paper as [33]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“These types of incorrect descriptions contribute to confirmation bias, overinterpretation of results, and reporting correlation as implied causation (Wasserstein and Lazar 2016).”
From Unethical Numbers? A Meta-analysis of Library Learning Analytics Studies (2019) · cites this paper as Wasserstein and Lazar 2016
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This is especially true of relatively large-sample-size studies (as most learning analytics studies are), which are likely to obtain statistically significant findings in relatively small variations in measures such as GPA (Field 2017; Salkind 2016 Wasserstein and Lazar 2016).”
From Unethical Numbers? A Meta-analysis of Library Learning Analytics Studies (2019) · cites this paper as Wasserstein and Lazar 2016
In the citing paper
“In 2016, the American Statistical Association released a statement on statistical significance and the P value with six principles underlying the proper use and interpretation of this statistical tool (77).”
From Misrepresentation and distortion of research in biomedical literature (2018) · cites this paper as [77]
In the citing paper
“Although we also present p values for exploratory analyses, we refrain from labeling any of them as statistically significant, following best-practice recommendations for statistical analysis [43].”
From Comparing quality of reporting between preprints and peer-reviewed articles in the biomedical literature (2020) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“Contrary to IJE author recommendations and recent guidance from the American Statistics Society, 16 Gao et al. largely base their conclusions on findings with a P -value equivalent to < 0.05 after multiple testing.”
From Commentary: Two-sample Mendelian randomization: opportunities and challenges (2016) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“Following guidance,50 we focused on 95% CIs, rather than statistical significance. For example, unlike conventional interpretations, we did not outright interpret an effect estimate “non‐significant” if the lower or upper bound of the 95% CI was slightly above/below the null value; we interpreted them as “suggestive” of an effect.”
From Third‐wave cognitive behaviour therapies for weight management: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [50]
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Batliner, A. M., Neumann, M., Burkhardt, F., Baird, A., Meyer, S., Vu, N. T., & Schuller, B. W. (2022) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2022.2140385 · Cited by 9
“In other fields, statistical significance is used as a threshold – if p-values are lower than a pre-defined threshold, the results are usually accepted; this is highly problematic and should be abandoned (Batliner et al., 2020; Wasserstein & Lazar, 2016).”
Humann‐Guilleminot, S., Andreo, L., Blatti, E., et al. (2022) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137724 · Cited by 9
Koninckx, P. R., Giovanni, A. D., Ussia, A., Gharbi, H., Al-Suwaidi, S., Amro, B., Keckstein, J., Malzoni, M., Adamyan, L. V., & Wattiez, A. (2023) · Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.jmig.2023.03.008 · Cited by 9
Roggia, S. M., Zucki, F., Adrian Fuente, C., et al. (2023) · Seminars in Hearing · doi:10.1055/s-0043-1769585 · Cited by 10
“Nonstatistically significant results should not be dismissed as they may conceal potentially important public health effects.(27) Statistical differences between exposed and unexposed groups in pure-tone thresholds were reported only in less than half of the studies in which it was used (12 of 25 studies).”
Ajigini, O. A. (2023) · International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) · doi:10.3991/ijet.v18i16.42317 · Cited by 9
Time to dispense with the p-value in OR?
Hofmann, M. A., & Meyer-Nieberg, S. (2017) · Central European Journal of Operations Research · doi:10.1007/s10100-017-0484-9 · Cited by 14
Spurlock, D. R. (2017) · Journal of Nursing Education · doi:10.3928/01484834-20170712-02 · Cited by 10
Krefeld-Schwalb, A., Witte, E. H., & Zenker, F. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00460 · Cited by 10
“To our knowledge, no equally appropriate and comprehensive strategy currently matches the inferential capabilities that RPS offers (Wasserstein and Lazar, 2016).”
BackgroundCurtis, A. M., VanBuren, J. M., Cavanaugh, J. E., et al. (2018) · Journal of Public Health Dentistry · doi:10.1111/jphd.12275 · Cited by 9
“This can provide a better picture of what variables are important, and possibly remove some of the emphasis from p-values and hypothesis testing in model selection, as recently recommended in a statement released by the American Statistical Association (23).”
Nonparametric meta-analysis for single-case research: Confidence intervals for combined effect sizes
Michiels, B., & Onghena, P. (2018) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-018-1044-5 · Cited by 9
“…and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven– University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium confidence intervals are reported in addition to p values from statistical tests (American Psychological Association, 1994, 2001, 2010; Wasserstein & Lazar, 2016; Wilkinson & the Task Force on Statistical Inference, 1999).”
BackgroundMethodWallace, M. L., Banihashemi, L., O'Donnell, C. P., Nimgaonkar, V. L., Kodavali, C. V., McNamee, R. L., & Germain, A. (2018) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.07.051 · Cited by 9
Should significance testing be abandoned in machine learning?
Berrar, D., & Dubitzky, W. (2018) · International Journal of Data Science and Analytics · doi:10.1007/s41060-018-0148-4 · Cited by 9
The empirical characteristics of human pattern vision defy theoretically-driven expectations
Neri, P. (2018) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006585 · Cited by 9
“We adopt a combination of confidence intervals and p values to avoid the limitations associated with p values alone [69, 70].”
MethodBrauer, J. R., Day, J. C., & Hammond, B. M. (2019) · Sociological Methods & Research · doi:10.1177/0049124119826158 · Cited by 9
“However, p values and other NHST results are commonly misinterpreted (cf. Greenland et al. 2016; Wasserstein and Lazar 2016).”
BackgroundAnderson, B., Rushby, T., Bahaj, A., & James, P. (2020) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2019.101260 · Cited by 9
BFF: Bayesian, Fiducial, Frequentist Analysis of Age Effects in Daily Diary Data
Neupert, S. D., & Hannig, J. (2019) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbz100 · Cited by 9
The Evidence of Effectiveness: Beyond the Methodological Standards
Gies, S. V., Healy, E. B., & Stephenson, R. (2020) · Justice Evaluation Journal · doi:10.1080/24751979.2020.1727296 · Cited by 9
How to understand and teach P values: a diagnostic test framework
Baduashvili, A., Evans, A. T., & Cutler, T. S. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.03.003 · Cited by 9
Ketcherside, A., Jagannathan, K., Dolui, S., Hager, N., Spilka, N. H., Nutor, C., Rao, H., Franklin, T. R., & Wetherill, R. R. (2020) · Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience · doi:10.9758/cpn.2020.18.2.289 · Cited by 10
Role of the Structure of Humic Substances in Increasing Bacterial Survival
Nikolaev, Y. A. (2020) · Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology · doi:10.23880/oajmb-16000174 · Cited by 9
Longitudinal analysis of disability outcomes among young people with MS
Ow, N., Kuspinar, A., & Mayo, N. E. (2021) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2021.102966 · Cited by 9
Vilar, M. E. M., Barreto, N. M. P. V., Soares, N. M., et al. (2021) · Revista de Ciências Médicas e Biológicas · doi:10.9771/cmbio.v20i1.37580 · Cited by 9
Determination of correct AEC function with computed radiography cassettes.
Wilkinson, L. E., & Heggie, J. C. P. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 9
Automated intelligent feedback in university statistics education
Tacoma, S. (2020) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) · doi:10.33540/395 · Cited by 10
Lane, M. M., Lotfaliany, M., Machado, P. P., Jacka, F. N., Mohebbi, M., O'Neil, A. E., Werneck, A. O., Monteiro, C. A., Loughman, A., Rocks, T., et al. (2023) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1110.v1 · Cited by 8
Choi, J., Marafino, B. J., Vendrow, E. B., et al. (2021) · PubMed · doi:10.1097/ta.0000000000003390 · Cited by 8
“We report SMD rather than p values because large sample sizes potentiate rejection of null hypotheses.(18)”
BackgroundTiecke, E., Rainisio, M., Eisenberg, E., Wainstein, J., Kaplan, E., Silverberg, M., Hochman, L., & Mangialaio, S. (2022) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.1989 · Cited by 9
“This thinking is in line with the American Statistical Association's ‘Statement on p- Values: Context, Process and Purpose’ (Wasserstein & Lazar, 2016) where this approach is viewed as appropriate for this kind of study.”
ResultDifferences in Perioperative Nurse Job Satisfaction by Specialty Certification Status
Cramer, E., Stucky, C. H., Stobinski, J. X., Wymer, J. A., & Boyle, D. K. (2022) · Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.jopan.2022.04.018 · Cited by 8
Rigdon, E. E. (2023) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114086 · Cited by 9
Hain, P. J. H., & Moser, T. (2024) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2024.1351280 · Cited by 8
Pioneering a multi-phase framework to harmonize self-reported sleep data across cohorts
Wallace, M. L., Redline, S. S., Oryshkewych, N., Hoepel, S. J. W., Luik, A. I., Stone, K. L., Kolko, R. P., Chung, J., Leng, Y., Robbins, R., et al. (2024) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsae115 · Cited by 8
Long-term frequent fire and cattle grazing alter dry forest understory vegetation.
Kerns, B., & Day, M. (2024) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1002/eap.2972 · Cited by 10
Formánek, T., Chen, D., Šumník, Z., Mladá, K., Hughes, J. B., Burgess, S., Wareham, N. J., Murray, G. K., Jones, P. B., & Perry, B. I. (2024) · Nature Mental Health · doi:10.1038/s44220-024-00280-8 · Cited by 7
“We used the R (4.0.3) 38 libraries survival (3.2-7) and EValue (4.1.3) 39 and avoided null-hypothesis significance tests 40 .”
InfluentialSerinaldi, F. (2024) · Hydrology and earth system sciences · doi:10.5194/hess-28-3191-2024 · Cited by 10
Esterhuizen, T. M., Mbuagbaw, L. C. E., & Thabane, L. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-084375 · Cited by 8
Knight, A., Bauer, A., & Brown, H. J. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35578 · Cited by 8
“Consistent with state-of-the-art statistical practice, our interpretations followed the American Statistical Association ’ s statement on the use of p-values [29,30].”
MethodWhite, C. N. (2024) · Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association · doi:10.2460/javma.24.10.0645 · Cited by 12
Climate change drives plant diversity attrition at the summit of Mount Kenya
Fu, Z., Zhan, Q., Lenoir, J., Wang, S., Qian, H., Yang, J., Sun, W., Mbuni, Y. M., Ngumbau, V. M., Hu, G., et al. (2024) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.20344 · Cited by 8
Ozone in Dentistry: An Updated Overview of Current Applications and Future Perspectives
Veneri, F., Lanteri, V., Consolo, U., et al. (2025) · Current Oral Health Reports · doi:10.1007/s40496-024-00395-y · Cited by 8
“In light of this, a thought - ful reconsideration of this trend in all scientific fields should be encouraged, as already recommended by relevant meth - odological literature and scientific societies [ 95–97].”
Mayr, W., Triantafyllopoulos, A., Batliner, A. M., et al. (2025) · International Journal of COPD · doi:10.2147/copd.s480842 · Cited by 8
Lengersdorff, L., & Lamm, C. (2025) · Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/25152459241296397 · Cited by 7
“In the same vein, many recent publications describe the fallacies that arise whenever researchers erroneously assume that frequentist tests tell anything about the probability of a hypothesis being true (Greenland et al., 2016; Morey et al., 2016; Wasserstein & Lazar, 2016).”
The impact of sex and the cheese matrix on cholesterol metabolism in middle-aged adults
Rooney, M. L., O’Connor, A., Dunne, S., Feeney, E. L., & Gibney, E. R. (2025) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2025.119112 · Cited by 9
Kupke, L., Schwahn, C., Krey, K., & Ratzmann, A. (2025) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-025-06240-5 · Cited by 11
Bagratuni, M., Müller, P. A., & Planing, P. (2025) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2025.100660 · Cited by 13
Kavanagh, M. E., Zurbau, A., Glenn, A. J., Oguntala, J. O., Josse, R. G., Malik, V., Chiavaroli, L., Liu, S., Kendall, C. W. C., Jenkins, D. J. A., et al. (2025) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-025-04067-1 · Cited by 8
“However, to algin with recommendations from the American Statistical Association, associated estimates and uncertainties were interpreted in context rather than relying on a strict P -value threshold [27].”
Zeng, X., Jiang, Y., Liu, Z., Yang, H., Song, H., Li, C., & Fu, P. (2025) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.124.038951 · Cited by 11
“27,28”
Protein content and amino acid profile of wild mushrooms depend on environmental conditions
Stojek, K., Bobrowska‐Korczak, B., Frączek, J., et al. (2025) · Fungal Biology · doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101620 · Cited by 8
Vitale, A., Lanari, J., Cillo, U., et al. (2025) · JHEP Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jhepr.2025.101505 · Cited by 8
Does nature make us less lonely? Analysis in Bulgaria's five largest cities
Markevych, I., Baumbach, C., Helbich, M., Burov, A., Dimitrova, D., Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J., & Dzhambov, A. M. (2025) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103509 · Cited by 11
A model of electric vehicle adoption and motivating reasons for adoption
Robbennolt, D., Hardman, S., Firestone, J., & Bhat, C. R. (2025) · Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.trd.2025.104906 · Cited by 10
Continental Patterns of Phenotypic Variation Along Replicated Urban Gradients: A Mega‐Analysis
Thompson, M. J., Martin, J. G. A., Biard, C., Bleu, J., Branston, C. J., Capilla‐Lasheras, P., Dingemanse, N. J., Dominoni, D. M., Eens, M., Eeva, T., et al. (2025) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/ele.70180 · Cited by 8
“Following suggestions from the American Statistical Association (Wasserstein and Lazar 2016), we apply a more continuous approach to statistical inference (Dushoff et al. 2019; Held and Ott 2018; Muff et al. 2022).”
Single paper meta‐analysis is unavoidable
McShane, B., & Böckenholt, U. (2025) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcpy.1462 · Cited by 7
Rovetta, A., Mansournia, M. A., Stovitz, S. D., Adams, W. M., & Greenland, S. (2025) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2024-109357 · Cited by 8
Measurable residual disease intervention in AML: a new therapeutic horizon
Wei, A. H., Iland, H. J., Dinardo, C. D., et al. (2025) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.2025029010 · Cited by 8
Mendelian Randomization Methods for Causal Inference: Estimands, Identification and Inference
Yao, M., Wang, A., Li, X., & Liu, Z. (2026) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.70394 · Cited by 12
“𝑝 -values alone has been widely criticized [45].”
Pocock, S., & Stone, G. W. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc1612970 · Cited by 9
Brief Report: HIV Prevalence and the Prevalence of Unsuppressed HIV in New York City, 2010–2014
Xia, Q., Sun, X., Wiewel, E. W., et al. (2017) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/qai.0000000000001311 · Cited by 8
Tamaño del efecto en análisis de regresión en investigación geriátrica: comentarios a Rubio et al.
Caycho‐Rodríguez, T. (2017) · Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología · doi:10.1016/j.regg.2017.04.009 · Cited by 8
Lang, K. M., Sweet, S. J., & Grandfield, E. M. (2017) · Research in Human Development · doi:10.1080/15427609.2017.1371567 · Cited by 8
“The American Statistical Association (ASA) released an official position statement highlighting the limitations of p values in January 2016 (Wasserstein & Lazar, 2016), and the editors of Basic and Applied Social Psychology (BASP) recently banned reporting p values in any submission to their…”
BackgroundContent Audit for p-value Principles in Introductory Statistics
Maurer, K., Hudiburgh, L., Werwinski, L., & Bailer, J. (2019) · American Statistician · doi:10.1080/00031305.2018.1537890 · Cited by 10
“These and other articles led the American Statistical Association (ASA) to issue a statement on proper use of p-values (Wasserstein and Lazar 2016).”
BackgroundBoivin, M. J., Sikorskii, A. E., Nakasujja, N., et al. (2019) · The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal · doi:10.1097/inf.0000000000002367 · Cited by 8
“Since the p-values may not reflect the magnitude of the effects, 34 we have estimated the standardized mean differences (SMDs) for each CCRT arm versus control by differencing the LS means and dividing by the SD of the control group at baseline.”
MethodPastpipatkul, P., Boonyakunakorn, P., & Phetsakda, K. (2020) · Economies · doi:10.3390/economies8010009 · Cited by 8
Inference in economic experiments
Hirschauer, N., Grüner, S., Mußhoff, O., et al. (2020) · Economics · doi:10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2020-7 · Cited by 8
“For a discussion see for example, AMRHEIN et al. (2019), HIRSCHAUER et al. (2018, 2019), MCSHANE et al. (2017), TRAFIMOV et al. (2018), WASSERSTEIN and LAZAR (2016), WASSERSTEIN et al. (2016, 2019), or ZILIAK and McCloskey (2008).”
BackgroundWassie, M. M., Smithers, L. G., Yelland, L. N., Makrides, M., & Zhou, S. J. (2021) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114521000325 · Cited by 9
“line with current best practice (46; 47; 48; 49) , we have not used p values to interpret the”
MethodAn evaluation of statistical methods for aggregate patterns of replication failure
Schauer, J. M., Fitzgerald, K. G., Peko-Spicer, S., Whalen, M. C. R., Zejnullahi, R., & Hedges, L. V. (2021) · The Annals of Applied Statistics · doi:10.1214/20-aoas1387 · Cited by 8
Hilling, C. D., Fischer, J. L., Ross, J. E., et al. (2021) · Water · doi:10.3390/w13121616 · Cited by 8
“Because hypothesis testing and p-values only compare an alternative hypothesis to a trivial null hypothesis of no relationship [39], we took a model comparison approach to test numerous candidate hypotheses for habitat associations with fish species richness and individual species catches.”
MethodProviders’ assignment of NYHA functional class in patients with heart failure: A vignette study
Stamp, K. D., Prasun, M. A., McCoy, T. P., & Rathman, L. D. (2021) · Heart & Lung · doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2021.07.009 · Cited by 8
No-boundary thinking: a viable solution to ethical data-driven AI in precision medicine
Obafemi-Ajayi, T., Perkins, A., Nanduri, B., Wunsch, D. C., Foster, J. A., & Peckham, J. (2021) · AI and Ethics · doi:10.1007/s43681-021-00118-4 · Cited by 11
“Any effect, no matter how tiny, can produce a small p value if the sample size or measurement precision is high enough, and large effects may produce unimpressive p values if the sample size is small or measurements are imprecise [34].”
BackgroundCampain, A. E., Hockham, C., Sukkar, L., Rogers, K. D., Chow, C. K., Lung, T. W.-C., Jun, M., Pollock, C. A., Cass, A., SULLIVAN, D. R., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.834898 · Cited by 7
Reis, D., & Friese, M. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-04968-2_5 · Cited by 12
Double Your Variance, Dirtify Your Bayes, Devour Your Pufferfish, and Draw your Kidstrogram
Meng, X. (2022) · The New England Journal of Statistics in Data Science · doi:10.51387/22-nejsds6 · Cited by 9
Variation in drivers’ seat belt use by indicators of community-level vulnerability
Sartin, E. B., Lombardi, L. R., Metzger, K. B., et al. (2023) · Journal of Safety Research · doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2023.01.013 · Cited by 8
Chaudhuri, S. E., Chaouch, Z. B., Hauber, B., et al. (2023) · Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics · doi:10.1080/10543406.2023.2170400 · Cited by 8
“(Wasserstein and Lazar 2016, p. 131) In clinical trials aimed at assessing the benefit–risk profile of novel technologies, this convention may not take into consideration the needs of the patient population, nor its potential impact on public health.”
Effect sizes and effect size benchmarks in family violence research
Milner, J. S., Crouch, J. L., Ammar, J., & Jensen, A. P. (2023) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106095 · Cited by 9
Doyle, T. R., Hurley, E. T., Davey, M. S., et al. (2023) · JSES Reviews Reports and Techniques · doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2023.03.002 · Cited by 8
Statistical tests of significance
Faizi, N., & Alvi, Y. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-18550-2.00009-8 · Cited by 8
Locomotion-aware Foveated Rendering
Shi, X., Wang, L., Wu, J. F., et al. (2023) · IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR) · doi:10.1109/vr55154.2023.00062 · Cited by 8
“conditions, and use the p -value [42] and Cohen’s d [5] to estimate the difference between two conditions.”
MethodVariable Selection for Mediators under a Bayesian Mediation Model
Shi, D., Shi, D., & Fairchild, A. J. (2023) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705511.2022.2164285 · Cited by 7
“Wasserstein and Lazar (2016) stressed the importance of measuring model uncertainty.”
BackgroundCity Marathon Events and Tourism Industry: A Quasi-Natural Experiment
Gan, C., Deng, T., & Zhao, W. (2023) · Journal of Sports Economics · doi:10.1177/15270025231174619 · Cited by 8
Fitzgerald, K. G., & Tipton, E. (2023) · Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness · doi:10.1080/19345747.2023.2209082 · Cited by 14
“…reader is perhaps familiar with misuse and long-standing critique of p values and statistical significance (e.g., Cohen, 1994; Haller & Krauss, 2002; Rosenthal & Gaito, 1963; Wasserstein & Lazar, 2016), but there is also evidence to suggest reasoning about confidence intervals is similarly fraught.”
Resilience in Nurses: The Reliability and Validity of the Resilience ScaleTM
McCoy, T. P., Sauer, P. A., & Sha, S. (2023) · Journal of Nursing Measurement · doi:10.1891/jnm-2022-0019 · Cited by 8
Less can be more: Pruning street networks for sustainable city-making
Sánchez–Vaquerizo, J. A., & Helbing, D. (2023) · Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives · doi:10.1016/j.trip.2023.100878 · Cited by 11
Stock market anomalies: An extreme bounds analysis
Kim, J. H., & Shamsuddin, A. F. M. (2023) · International Review of Financial Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.irfa.2023.102841 · Cited by 9
Metadata
- Authors
- Wasserstein, R. L., & Lazar, N. A.
- Affiliations
- American Statistical Association, 732 North Washington Street, Alexandria, VA 22314-1943
- American Statistical Association (US)
- ORCID
- Lazar, Nicole A.
- Venue
- The American Statistician
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2016-04-02
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 129-133
- ISSN
- 0003-1305 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-2731
- OpenAlex
- W2293040502
- Semantic Scholar
- 81a65f23474ffceb2481836328608102950da979
- Cited by
- 6,306
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 625 · 2025: 629 · 2024: 575 · 2023: 543 · 2022: 642 · 2021: 676 · 2020: 678 · 2019: 666 · 2018: 596 · 2017: 438 · 2016: 226
- FWCI
- 649.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The American Statistician (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistics Education and Methodologies
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Probability and Statistical Research
- Keywords
- p-values, statistical evidence, p-value interpretation, statistical inference, hypothesis testing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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