The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 1 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
The ASA Statement on p -Values: Context, Process, and Purpose
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24 Own interpretation · 2 No basis given · 1 No full text of the sources
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The widespread use of”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Statistical significance is not equivalent to scientific, human, or economic significance.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For example, a p-value near 0.05 taken by itself offers only weak evidence against the null hypothesis.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By itself, a p-value does not provide a good measure of evidence regarding a model or hypothesis.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, identical estimated effects will have different p-values if the precision of the estimates differs.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A p-value provides one approach to summarizing the incompatibility between a particular set of data and a proposed model for the data.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. P-values can indicate how incompatible the data are with a specified statistical model.
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Conducting multiple analyses of the data and reporting only those with certain p-values (typically those passing a significance threshold) renders the reported p-values essentially uninterpretable.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Whenever a researcher chooses what to present based on statistical results, valid interpretation of those results is severely compromised if the reader is not informed of the choice and its basis.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The smaller the p-value, the greater the statistical incompatibility of the data with the null hypothesis, if the underlying assumptions used to calculate the p-value hold.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. P-values can indicate how incompatible the data are with a specified statistical model.
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Valid scientific conclusions based on p-values and related statistics cannot be drawn without at least knowing how many and which analyses were conducted, and how those analyses (including p-values) were selected for reporting.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plainstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 10
- It may state two separate claims as one. 10
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This has led to some scientific journals discouraging the use of p-values, and some scientists and statisticians recommending their abandonment, with some arguments essentially unchanged since p-values were first introduced.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. Introduction
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The statistical community has been deeply concerned about issues of reproducibility and replicability of scientific conclusions.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While the p-value can be a useful statistical measure, it is commonly misused and misinterpreted.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. Introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A conclusion does not immediately become”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All these measures and approaches rely on further assumptions, but they may more directly address the size of an effect (and its associated uncertainty) or whether the hypothesis is correct.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 4. Other Approaches
hedgedstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The validity of scientific conclusions, including their reproducibility, depends on more than the statistical methods themselves.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. Introduction
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is a statement about data in relation to a specified hypothetical explanation, and is not a statement about the explanation itself.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 2. P-values do not measure the probability that the studied hypothesis is true, or the probability that the data were produced by random chance alone.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Researchers should recognize that a p-value without context or other evidence provides limited information.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Likewise, a relatively large p-value does not imply evidence in favor of the null hypothesis; many other hypotheses may be equally or more consistent with the observed data.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This incompatibility can be interpreted as casting doubt on or providing evidence against the null hypothesis or the underlying assumptions.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. P-values can indicate how incompatible the data are with a specified statistical model.
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Appropriately chosen techniques, properly conducted analyses and correct interpretation of statistical results also play a key role in ensuring that conclusions are sound and that uncertainty surrounding them is represented properly.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. Introduction
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Misunderstanding or misuse of statistical inference is only one cause of the”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Peng 2015 source
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Smaller p-values do not necessarily imply the presence of larger or more important effects, and larger p-values do not imply a lack of importance or even lack of effect.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“P-values do not measure the probability that the studied hypothesis is true, or the probability that the data were produced by random chance alone.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 2. P-values do not measure the probability that the studied hypothesis is true, or the probability that the data were produced by random chance alone.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In view of the prevalent misuses of and misconceptions concerning p-values, some statisticians prefer to supplement or even replace p-values with other approaches.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 4. Other Approaches
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
There is widespread consensus in the statistical community on the principles articulated in the ASA statement.
“according to widespread consensus in the statistical community”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“While the large scale of the Tabula Muris Senis dataset provides substantial power to predict subtle changes in LR interactions, the biological complexity, dependencies among communication pairs, and multiple testing burden require that these p-values be interpreted within a broader biological and statistical context [33].”
From Quantitative profiling of lifespan-dependent cell-cell communication potential reveals dynamic ligand-receptor network shifts across mouse tissues (2026) · cites this paper as [33]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“These types of incorrect descriptions contribute to confirmation bias, overinterpretation of results, and reporting correlation as implied causation (Wasserstein and Lazar 2016).”
From Unethical Numbers? A Meta-analysis of Library Learning Analytics Studies (2019) · cites this paper as Wasserstein and Lazar 2016
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This is especially true of relatively large-sample-size studies (as most learning analytics studies are), which are likely to obtain statistically significant findings in relatively small variations in measures such as GPA (Field 2017; Salkind 2016 Wasserstein and Lazar 2016).”
From Unethical Numbers? A Meta-analysis of Library Learning Analytics Studies (2019) · cites this paper as Wasserstein and Lazar 2016
In the citing paper
“In 2016, the American Statistical Association released a statement on statistical significance and the P value with six principles underlying the proper use and interpretation of this statistical tool (77).”
From Misrepresentation and distortion of research in biomedical literature (2018) · cites this paper as [77]
In the citing paper
“Although we also present p values for exploratory analyses, we refrain from labeling any of them as statistically significant, following best-practice recommendations for statistical analysis [43].”
From Comparing quality of reporting between preprints and peer-reviewed articles in the biomedical literature (2020) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“Contrary to IJE author recommendations and recent guidance from the American Statistics Society, 16 Gao et al. largely base their conclusions on findings with a P -value equivalent to < 0.05 after multiple testing.”
From Commentary: Two-sample Mendelian randomization: opportunities and challenges (2016) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“Following guidance,50 we focused on 95% CIs, rather than statistical significance. For example, unlike conventional interpretations, we did not outright interpret an effect estimate “non‐significant” if the lower or upper bound of the 95% CI was slightly above/below the null value; we interpreted them as “suggestive” of an effect.”
From Third‐wave cognitive behaviour therapies for weight management: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [50]
Citations
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“…4, it is possible to verify that the type of cutting fluid used had an influence on the residual stress in the parallel direction and the roughness kurtosis values, where a p -value less than or equal to 0.05 indicates the existence of moderate evidence [52] of an effect on the analyzed parameter.”
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“Recently, the American Statistical Association has highlighted the limitations of basing decisions on p -values emphasizing that statistical significance can be the result of large effect size, high statistical power, or a combination of the two 1,2 .”
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Wood, M. (2019) · Methodological Innovations · doi:10.1177/2059799119826518 · Cited by 9
“…hypothesis significance tests and p values in the literature for more than 50 years (e.g. Morrison and Henkel, 1970; Nickerson, 2000; Nuzzo, 2014; Wasserstein and Lazar, 2016): they are widely misinterpreted, and do not, as is often assumed, give the probability of a hypothesis being true, nor a…”
BackgroundHuang, H. (2019) · Measurement Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/1361-6501/ab46fd · Cited by 8
“The American Statistician Association (ASA) recently developed a statement about statistical significance and p -values (Wasserstein and Lazar 2016).”
Which study outcomes change practice
Sepehri, A., & Slobogean, G. P. (2019) · Injury · doi:10.1016/j.injury.2019.10.082 · Cited by 8
Rubinstein, S. M., Sigworth, E. A., Etemad, S. A., Martin, R. L., Chen, Q., & Warner, J. L. (2019) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.17530 · Cited by 9
Lahne, J. (2020) · Food Quality and Preference · doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2020.103870 · Cited by 9
Dey, C. J., Semeniuk, C. A. D., Iverson, S. A., & Gilchrist, H. G. (2020) · Arctic Science · doi:10.1139/as-2019-0017 · Cited by 8
“However, we also emphasize effect sizes in our analysis by reporting and considering changes in odds or rate ratios (depending on the analysis), in adherence with the American Statistical Association ’ s guidelines (Wasserstein and Lazar 2016).”
MethodEffect of exercise on cancer-related fatigue: A systematic review
Cataldi, S., Greco, G., Mauro, M., & Fischetti, F. (2020) · Journal of Human Sport and Exercise · doi:10.14198/jhse.2021.163.01 · Cited by 9
A modern method of multiple working hypotheses to improve inference in ecology
Yanco, S. W., McDevitt, A., Trueman, C. N., Hartley, L., & Wunder, M. B. (2020) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.200231 · Cited by 8
Mahmoodi, Z., Aghaie, H., & Fazaeli, R. (2020) · Materials Research Express · doi:10.1088/2053-1591/ab9cee · Cited by 8
Sánchez, S. P., López-Belmonte, J., Cabrera, A. F., et al. (2020) · Formación universitaria · doi:10.4067/s0718-50062020000300139 · Cited by 8
Calderazzo, S., Wiesenfarth, M., & Kopp‐Schneider, A. (2020) · Biostatistics · doi:10.1093/biostatistics/kxaa027 · Cited by 8
“More broadly, interest in alternatives to p-values and significance testing is now on the rise, as shown by the ASA statement on p-values and Statistical Significance (Wasserstein and Lazar, 2016), and the recent issue of the American Statistician “Statistical Inference in the 21st Century: A World Beyond p 0.05.””
MethodInfluentialSex differences in child health and healthcare: A reappraisal for India
Dixit, P., Cleland, J., & James, K. S. (2020) · Population Studies · doi:10.1080/00324728.2020.1807042 · Cited by 8
Short to long term outcomes of 154 cemented total hip arthroplasties in ankylosing spondylitis
Kumar, A., Nagai, H., Oakley, J., et al. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma · doi:10.1016/j.jcot.2020.09.029 · Cited by 8
Park, H. Y., Lee, Y., Lim, C., et al. (2020) · Korean Journal of Anesthesiology · doi:10.4097/kja.20509 · Cited by 8
“We applied all statistical inferences, focusing on the size of the effect (odds ratio [OR] or Cohen’s d) and its associated uncertainty (CI), which complied with the American Statistical Association’s 2016 Statement on P values [10].”
MethodZanzinger, C., Harrasser, N., Gottschalk, O., et al. (2021) · Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie · doi:10.1055/a-1365-9655 · Cited by 8
“5% in 50-year olds to 45% in 75-year olds [1, 2].”
BackgroundEaton, W. D., McGee, K. M., Larimer, M., Hoke, E. S., Karas, O., Hernandez, B., & Wayland, N. (2021) · Pedobiologia · doi:10.1016/j.pedobi.2021.150730 · Cited by 6
Does power curb energy efficiency? Evidence from two decades of European truck tests
Galvin, R., Martulli, A., & Ruzzenenti, F. (2021) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2021.120867 · Cited by 8
Sestir, M. A., Kennedy, L. A., Peszka, J., & Bartley, J. G. (2021) · Teaching of Psychology · doi:10.1177/00986283211030616 · Cited by 9
“…instruction, New Statistics The field of statistics is facing a revived call to move away from null hypothesis significance testing (NHST; e.g., Wasserstein & Lazar, 2016; Kline, 2013; Cumming, 2014), which results in dichotomous decisions about statistical significance based on probability…”
BackgroundShin, I., & Rim, C. H. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/29642 · Cited by 8
Precision Medicine Enables More TNM-Like Staging in Patients With Chronic Limb Threatening Ischemia
McGinigle, K. L., Freeman, N. L. B., Marston, W. A., Farber, A. M., Conte, M. S., Kosorok, M. R., & Kalbaugh, C. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.709904 · Cited by 8
Sex estimation of the subadult ilium prior to acetabular fusion
Garvin, H. M., Stock, M. K., Marciniec, K. A., Mohamed, M., Ternent, E., Cirillo, L. E., & Stull, K. E. (2021) · Journal of Forensic Sciences · doi:10.1111/1556-4029.14832 · Cited by 8
“It is likely that significant pvalues are at times over- emphasized given the belief that positive results are more likely to lead to publication [44,45].”
BackgroundElligson, R. L., Childs, K. K., & Gryglewicz, K. (2021) · The Journal of Primary Prevention · doi:10.1007/s10935-021-00645-0 · Cited by 8
“Furthermore, a key debate among researchers across many disciplines is the distinction between statistically significant results (based on an identified probability level of p < 0.05) and substantively meaningful results (Brownstein et al., 2019; Wasserstein & Lazar, 2016).”
BackgroundInfluentialTeaching Philosophy of Science to Science Students: An Alternative Approach
Fjelland, R. (2021) · Studies in Philosophy and Education · doi:10.1007/s11217-021-09802-8 · Cited by 8
Viengkham, D., Baumann, C., Winzar, H. F., & Dahana, W. D. (2021) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.10.049 · Cited by 8
Costa, J. H., Aziz, S., Noceda, C., & Arnholdt‐Schmitt, B. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9121399 · Cited by 8
Hartnack, S., & Roos, M. (2021) · Emerging Themes in Epidemiology · doi:10.1186/s12982-021-00108-1 · Cited by 8
Risk Averseness and Emotional Stability in e-Commerce
Popchev, I. P., Ketipov, R., & Angelova, V. (2021) · Cybernetics and Information Technologies · doi:10.2478/cait-2021-0030 · Cited by 8
Silverstein-Metzler, M. G., Frye, B., Justice, J., Clarkson, T. B., Appt, S., Carr, J. J., Register, T., Albu-Shamah, M., Shaltout, H. A., & Shively, C. (2022) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105706 · Cited by 8
Beyond p < .05: a critical review of new Bayesian proposals for assessing the p -value
Quatto, P., Ripamonti, E., & Marasini, D. (2022) · Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics · doi:10.1080/10543406.2021.2009497 · Cited by 8
“The leitmotif of the contributions published after the ASA statement (Wasserstein and Lazar 2016) and the ASA collection (Wasserstein et al. 2019) seems to be the elimination of empirical conclusions only based upon dichotomization, i.e., the categorization provided by p-values (but analogous…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialHogue, O., Harvey, T., Crozier, D., Sonneborn, C., Postle, A. F., Block‐Beach, H., Somasundaram, E. V., May, F. J., Braun, M. S., Pasadyn, F. L., et al. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0265154 · Cited by 8
Coherent Tests for Interval Null Hypotheses
Hansen, S. L., & Rice, K. M. (2022) · The American Statistician · doi:10.1080/00031305.2022.2050299 · Cited by 8
“Even putting aside incorrect interpretations (Wasserstein and Lazar 2016), there remain specific problems.”
BackgroundThe “p‐hacking‐is‐terrific” ocean ‐ A cartoon for teaching statistics
Guo, D., & Ma, Y. (2022) · Teaching Statistics · doi:10.1111/test.12305 · Cited by 7
“Furthermore, other statistical approaches can be used to supplement P -values, such as effect size measures, multiple testing corrections, confidence intervals, and Bayesian methods [1,9,23,24].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialClinical and genetic correlations of scoliosis in Rett syndrome
Roidi, M. L. R., Cozzi, F., Isaias, I. U., et al. (2022) · European Spine Journal · doi:10.1007/s00586-022-07217-8 · Cited by 8
“05 was set to evaluate significance of each p-value, which were reported in agreement with the 2016 ASA statement [28].”
MethodElkins, M. R., Pinto, R. Z., Verhagen, A. P., et al. (2022) · Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.bjpt.2021.100387 · Cited by 8
Stamp, K. D., Prasun, M. A., McCoy, T. P., & Rathman, L. D. (2022) · Heart & Lung · doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2022.03.017 · Cited by 8
“Boundary-Maintenance” or “Boundary-Crossing”? Name-Giving Practices among Immigrants in Germany
Gerhards, J., & Tuppat, J. (2020) · Names · doi:10.1080/00277738.2020.1849925 · Cited by 8
“Some statisticians have argued in favor of stopping the conventional use of p-values to decide whether a result supports or rejects a hypothesis (Wasserstein and Lazar 2016).”
BackgroundClark, D. A., Macinko, J. A., & Porfiri, M. (2022) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115103 · Cited by 8
Margarian, A., Detang‐Dessendre, C., Barczak, A., & Tanguy, C. (2022) · SN Business & Economics · doi:10.1007/s43546-022-00256-9 · Cited by 8
“…, w e r e po r t t h e v a l u e a f t e r t h e N a g e l k e r k e a d j u s t m e n t , w h i c h ca n r eac h a m a x i m u m o f 1 T a b l e 5 refrain from a presentation of p-values and significance levels in order to avoid widespread misinterpretations (see also Wasserstein and Lazar 2016).”
BackgroundInclusiveness and Intrapreneurial Behaviours in Organisations
Navon, L. R., Carmeli, A., & Menahem, G. (2022) · The Journal of Entrepreneurship · doi:10.1177/09713557221096747 · Cited by 8
“According to Wasserstein and Lazar (2016) ‘…large p-values do not imply a lack of importance or even lack of effect’ (p. 132).”
BackgroundSkin temperature response to thermal stimulus in patients with hyperhidrosis: A comparative study
Carvalho, F., Magalhaes, C., Fernández-Llimós, F., Mendes, J. G., & Gonçalves, J. (2022) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103322 · Cited by 8
Maas, E. D. V. L., Archontoulis, S. V., Helmers, M. J., Iqbal, J., Pederson, C. H., Poffenbarger, H., TeBockhorst, K. J., & Castellano, M. J. (2022) · Field Crops Research · doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108663 · Cited by 9
Mental health and behavioural problems in adolescents conceived after ART
Wijs, L. A., Doherty, D. A., Keelan, J. A., Burton, P., Yovich, J. L., Robinson, M., & Hart, R. J. (2022) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deac214 · Cited by 8
Bramante, C. T., Johnson, S., Garcia, V. L., Evans, M. D., Harper, J. R., Wilkins, K. J., Huling, J. D., Mehta, H. B., Alexander, C., Tronieri, J. S., et al. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0271574 · Cited by 8
Etherington, B. S., Piczak, M. L., LaRochelle, L., Gallagher, A. J., & Cooke, S. J. (2022) · Aquatic Ecology · doi:10.1007/s10452-022-09993-3 · Cited by 9
“Although we accept a statistical significance of ( p 0.05), it has been recognized that the p-value alone does not measure the size of effect or importance of result (Wasserstein and Lazar 2016).”
InfluentialWang, A., Menon, R., Li, T., Harris, L. A., Harris, I. A., Naylor, J., & Adie, S. (2023) · ANZ Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1111/ans.18273 · Cited by 8
“Other approaches allow room for estimation, such as confidence intervals and Bayesianmethods, and can help avoid the erroneous dichotomous interpretation of evidence based on P-values alone.(18) Outcomes that are completely unreported pose a unique problem as they are often harder to detect than outcomes that are part…”
BackgroundKværner, A. S., Andersen, A. R., Henriksen, H. B., et al. (2023) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.6119 · Cited by 8
Another Way Forward: Comments on Ohlson’s Critique of Empirical Accounting Research
Breuer, M. (2023) · Accounting Economics and Law - A Convivium · doi:10.1515/ael-2022-0093 · Cited by 8
What Can Bayesian Inference Do for Accounting Research?
Schütt, H. H. (2023) · Journal of Financial Reporting · doi:10.2308/jfr-2021-002 · Cited by 7
Knight, A., Bauer, A., & Brown, H. J. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0284132 · Cited by 9
Breil, M., Schneider, V., & Pinto, J. G. (2024) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-21-811-2024 · Cited by 11
Mann, S. K., Bone, J. N., Bosman, E. S., et al. (2024) · RMD Open · doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2024-004315 · Cited by 8
Classical Statistics and Statistical Learning in Imaging Neuroscience
Bzdok, D. (2017) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2017.00543 · Cited by 158
“This stands in contrast to classical statistical inference where the investigator seeks to reject the null hypothesis by considering the entirety of a data sample (Wasserstein and Lazar, 2016), typically all available subjects.”
BackgroundMethodIn Praise of Confidence Intervals: Much More Informative Than P Values Alone
Jiroutek, M. R., & Turner, J. R. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.12908 · Cited by 8
Malachowski, S. J., Quattlebaum, A. M., & Miladinović, B. (2017) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2017.0148 · Cited by 9
Some Facts That You Might Be Unaware of About the P-Value
Jung, I. (2017) · Archives of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.5999/aps.2017.44.2.93 · Cited by 10
Price, D. A., Swanson, W. H., & Horner, D. G. (2017) · Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics · doi:10.1111/opo.12378 · Cited by 8
“This hypothesis-based study obtained a negative result, and reports of negative results are an important aspect of transparency and reproducibility.(6) Therefore, when the first analysis failed to reject the null hypothesis, a second analysis was performed using a very different approach.”
Abbott, E., Serrano, V., Rethlefsen, M. L., Pandian, T. K., Naik, N. D., West, C. P., Pankratz, V. S., & Cook, D. A. (2017) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000001773 · Cited by 9
Hardt, B. M., Ardia, D. R., Bashaw, M. J., et al. (2018) · Functional Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2435.13116 · Cited by 8
“…us to quantify whether there were species- and treatment- level differences while also evaluating the magnitude of the response (Greenland et al., 2016; Wasserstein & Lazar, 2016), which is crucial for a broader understanding of how nestlings responded to experimental treatments in our study.”
BackgroundADELSTEIN, E. C., Althouse, A. D., SCHWARTZMAN, D. S., et al. (2018) · Heart Rhythm · doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2018.05.027 · Cited by 8
Big data: what it can and cannot achieve
Schofield, P., & Das‐Munshi, J. (2018) · BJPsych Advances · doi:10.1192/bja.2018.15 · Cited by 7
Lord, E. M., Weir, I. R., & Trinquart, L. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.06.012 · Cited by 8
Baethge, C., Deckert, M., & Stang, A. (2018) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.1735 · Cited by 8
“…Statistical Association emphasized that “[The] widespread use of ‘statistical significance’ (generally interpreted as ‘p ≤ 0.05’) as a license for making a claim of a scientific finding (or implied truth) leads to considerable distortion of the scientific process” (Wasserstein & Lazar, 2016).”
BackgroundInfluentialDo Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) Use Scent to Communicate Information about Food Resources?
Thompson, C. L., Blanck, L. M., Pearson, M., et al. (2018) · Folia Primatologica · doi:10.1159/000490702 · Cited by 8
“Note that this value is not intended as an α; following recommendations by the American Statistical Association, we have not set an arbitrary threshold for significance [Wasserstein and Lazar, 2016].”
BackgroundWang, N. C., Hussain, A., ADELSTEIN, E. C., Althouse, A. D., Sharbaugh, M. S., Jain, S. K., Shalaby, A. A., Voigt, A., & Saba, S. (2018) · Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology · doi:10.1111/anec.12603 · Cited by 8
The Concept and Measurement of Creating Excess Value in Listed Companies
Kaczmarek, J. (2018) · Engineering Economics · doi:10.5755/j01.ee.29.4.13207 · Cited by 8
“Of course, the use of p–value has been a matter of considerable discussion in statistics (pvalue is a parameter for a given observation, sample), but mainly in the area of its misinterpretation (i.a. Wasserstein & Lazar 2016; Hubbard & Bayarri 2012).”
BackgroundThe reliability of an environmental epidemiology meta-analysis, a case study
Young, S. S., Acharjee, M. K., & Das, K. P. (2018) · Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.12.013 · Cited by 8
“Young and Karr (2011) found 12 randomized clinical studies where 52 claims coming from observational studies were tested.”
BackgroundBrain Connectivity Network Analysis and Classifications from Diffusion Tensor Imaging
Saad, M., & Islam, S. M. R. (2019) · International Conference on Robotics, Electrical and Signal Processing Techniques (ICREST) · doi:10.1109/icrest.2019.8644080 · Cited by 8
Mathot, K. J., Kok, E. M. A., Burant, J. B., Dekinga, A., Manche, P., Saintonge, D., & Piersma, T. (2019) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2019.0518 · Cited by 8
Does medicine need philosophy?
Andreoletti, M., & Maugeri, P. (2019) · Oral Diseases · doi:10.1111/odi.13143 · Cited by 10
Quatto, P., Ripamonti, E., & Marasini, D. (2019) · Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics · doi:10.1080/10543406.2019.1632874 · Cited by 8
“…misinterpretations and misuses of the p-value in the current practice, and we consider some recent statistical issues stemming from the statement put forward by the American Statistical Association (ASA) (Wasserstein and Lazar 2016), and the debate followed to the publication of the statement.”
MethodInfluentialKorologou‐Linden, R., O’Keeffe, L. M., Howe, L. D., Smith, G. D., Jones, H. J., Anderson, E. L., & Stergiakouli, E. (2019) · Wellcome Open Research · doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15359.1 · Cited by 8
Gavín-Chocano, Ó., & López-Barajas, D. M. (2019) · Siglo Cero: Revista Española sobre Discapacidad Intelectual · doi:10.14201/scero20195034765 · Cited by 9
Nalos, M., Kholodniak, E., Smith, L., Orde, S. R., Ting, I., Slama, M., Seppelt, I., McLean, A. S., & Huang, S. (2018) · Critical Care and Resuscitation · doi:10.1016/s1441-2772(23)00755-x · Cited by 7
Li, F., Wang, X., Lin, Q., & Hu, Z. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.2987033 · Cited by 8
“The American Statistical Association’s (ASA) statement on statistical significance and p-values has led to a collective rethinking of the entire scientific community, and many scientists believe that the application of p-values in current scientific research has been distorted [58]–[61].”
BackgroundReliability of a beef cattle locomotion scoring system for use in clinical practice
Tunstall, J., Mueller, K., Sinfield, O., & Higgins, H. M. (2020) · Veterinary Record · doi:10.1136/vr.105781 · Cited by 11
Preclinical Research Reporting in Shock: Room for Improvement
Reynolds, P. S., & GARVAN, C. W. (2020) · Shock · doi:10.1097/shk.0000000000001544 · Cited by 8
Modeling upstream socioeconomic inequities and syndemic conditions among mothers over time
Caiola, C. E., McCoy, T. P., & Kneipp, S. M. (2020) · Public Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/phn.12831 · Cited by 8
Metadata
- Authors
- Wasserstein, R. L., & Lazar, N. A.
- Affiliations
- American Statistical Association, 732 North Washington Street, Alexandria, VA 22314-1943
- American Statistical Association (US)
- ORCID
- Lazar, Nicole A.
- Venue
- The American Statistician
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2016-04-02
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 129-133
- ISSN
- 0003-1305 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-2731
- OpenAlex
- W2293040502
- Semantic Scholar
- 81a65f23474ffceb2481836328608102950da979
- Cited by
- 6,306
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 625 · 2025: 629 · 2024: 575 · 2023: 543 · 2022: 642 · 2021: 676 · 2020: 678 · 2019: 666 · 2018: 596 · 2017: 438 · 2016: 226
- FWCI
- 649.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The American Statistician (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistics Education and Methodologies
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Probability and Statistical Research
- Keywords
- p-values, statistical evidence, p-value interpretation, statistical inference, hypothesis testing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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