The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 1 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
The ASA Statement on p -Values: Context, Process, and Purpose
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24 Own interpretation · 2 No basis given · 1 No full text of the sources
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The widespread use of”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Statistical significance is not equivalent to scientific, human, or economic significance.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For example, a p-value near 0.05 taken by itself offers only weak evidence against the null hypothesis.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By itself, a p-value does not provide a good measure of evidence regarding a model or hypothesis.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, identical estimated effects will have different p-values if the precision of the estimates differs.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A p-value provides one approach to summarizing the incompatibility between a particular set of data and a proposed model for the data.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. P-values can indicate how incompatible the data are with a specified statistical model.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Conducting multiple analyses of the data and reporting only those with certain p-values (typically those passing a significance threshold) renders the reported p-values essentially uninterpretable.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Whenever a researcher chooses what to present based on statistical results, valid interpretation of those results is severely compromised if the reader is not informed of the choice and its basis.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The smaller the p-value, the greater the statistical incompatibility of the data with the null hypothesis, if the underlying assumptions used to calculate the p-value hold.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. P-values can indicate how incompatible the data are with a specified statistical model.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Valid scientific conclusions based on p-values and related statistics cannot be drawn without at least knowing how many and which analyses were conducted, and how those analyses (including p-values) were selected for reporting.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 10
- It may state two separate claims as one. 10
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This has led to some scientific journals discouraging the use of p-values, and some scientists and statisticians recommending their abandonment, with some arguments essentially unchanged since p-values were first introduced.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. Introduction
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The statistical community has been deeply concerned about issues of reproducibility and replicability of scientific conclusions.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While the p-value can be a useful statistical measure, it is commonly misused and misinterpreted.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. Introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A conclusion does not immediately become”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All these measures and approaches rely on further assumptions, but they may more directly address the size of an effect (and its associated uncertainty) or whether the hypothesis is correct.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 4. Other Approaches
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The validity of scientific conclusions, including their reproducibility, depends on more than the statistical methods themselves.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. Introduction
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is a statement about data in relation to a specified hypothetical explanation, and is not a statement about the explanation itself.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 2. P-values do not measure the probability that the studied hypothesis is true, or the probability that the data were produced by random chance alone.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Researchers should recognize that a p-value without context or other evidence provides limited information.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Likewise, a relatively large p-value does not imply evidence in favor of the null hypothesis; many other hypotheses may be equally or more consistent with the observed data.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This incompatibility can be interpreted as casting doubt on or providing evidence against the null hypothesis or the underlying assumptions.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. P-values can indicate how incompatible the data are with a specified statistical model.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Appropriately chosen techniques, properly conducted analyses and correct interpretation of statistical results also play a key role in ensuring that conclusions are sound and that uncertainty surrounding them is represented properly.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. Introduction
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Misunderstanding or misuse of statistical inference is only one cause of the”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Peng 2015 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Smaller p-values do not necessarily imply the presence of larger or more important effects, and larger p-values do not imply a lack of importance or even lack of effect.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“P-values do not measure the probability that the studied hypothesis is true, or the probability that the data were produced by random chance alone.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 2. P-values do not measure the probability that the studied hypothesis is true, or the probability that the data were produced by random chance alone.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In view of the prevalent misuses of and misconceptions concerning p-values, some statisticians prefer to supplement or even replace p-values with other approaches.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 4. Other Approaches
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
There is widespread consensus in the statistical community on the principles articulated in the ASA statement.
“according to widespread consensus in the statistical community”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“While the large scale of the Tabula Muris Senis dataset provides substantial power to predict subtle changes in LR interactions, the biological complexity, dependencies among communication pairs, and multiple testing burden require that these p-values be interpreted within a broader biological and statistical context [33].”
From Quantitative profiling of lifespan-dependent cell-cell communication potential reveals dynamic ligand-receptor network shifts across mouse tissues (2026) · cites this paper as [33]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“These types of incorrect descriptions contribute to confirmation bias, overinterpretation of results, and reporting correlation as implied causation (Wasserstein and Lazar 2016).”
From Unethical Numbers? A Meta-analysis of Library Learning Analytics Studies (2019) · cites this paper as Wasserstein and Lazar 2016
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This is especially true of relatively large-sample-size studies (as most learning analytics studies are), which are likely to obtain statistically significant findings in relatively small variations in measures such as GPA (Field 2017; Salkind 2016 Wasserstein and Lazar 2016).”
From Unethical Numbers? A Meta-analysis of Library Learning Analytics Studies (2019) · cites this paper as Wasserstein and Lazar 2016
In the citing paper
“In 2016, the American Statistical Association released a statement on statistical significance and the P value with six principles underlying the proper use and interpretation of this statistical tool (77).”
From Misrepresentation and distortion of research in biomedical literature (2018) · cites this paper as [77]
In the citing paper
“Although we also present p values for exploratory analyses, we refrain from labeling any of them as statistically significant, following best-practice recommendations for statistical analysis [43].”
From Comparing quality of reporting between preprints and peer-reviewed articles in the biomedical literature (2020) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“Contrary to IJE author recommendations and recent guidance from the American Statistics Society, 16 Gao et al. largely base their conclusions on findings with a P -value equivalent to < 0.05 after multiple testing.”
From Commentary: Two-sample Mendelian randomization: opportunities and challenges (2016) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“Following guidance,50 we focused on 95% CIs, rather than statistical significance. For example, unlike conventional interpretations, we did not outright interpret an effect estimate “non‐significant” if the lower or upper bound of the 95% CI was slightly above/below the null value; we interpreted them as “suggestive” of an effect.”
From Third‐wave cognitive behaviour therapies for weight management: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [50]
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“If the analysis adopted a conventional level of significance, such as at 0.05, which has commonly been proposed for use in studies with large sample sizes, some influencing factors may not be recognized and included in this study (Wasserstein and Lazar 2016).”
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“05, and in accordance with the American Statistical Association’s recommendations, we use p values as one piece of evidence of significance, to be used in context [64].”
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“The American Statistical Association statement asserted that a scientific conclusion should not be determined by a single p-value alone and that an analysis using multiple methods is recommended [17].”
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“Regrettably, stipulations [1]–[2] are often ignored, undermining the proper implementation and effectiveness of N-P testing; see Section 4.1.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialKaplan, D. E., & Harra, K. (2024) · Large-scale Assessments in Education · doi:10.1186/s40536-023-00189-1 · Cited by 8
“This issue touches on the continuing discussion over null hypothesis significance testing (see e.g., Wasserstein and Lazar (2016)), and the fact that with large sample sizes such as those in TALIS, significant but relatively trivial results could be reported.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialWang, A., Kwon, D. Y., Kim, E., Oleru, O. O., Seyidova, N., & Taub, P. J. (2024) · Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2024.02.047 · Cited by 4
Yu, C. H., Xiao, Z., & Hanson, J. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-9379-6_13 · Cited by 6
Disease Course of Clinically Isolated Optic Neuritis
Küchlin, S., Ihorst, G., Heinrich, S. P., et al. (2024) · Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1212/nxi.0000000000200223 · Cited by 4
“In consensus with the American Statistical Association ’ s statement on p values 11 and recent addendum, 12 we report outcomes as adjusted mean estimates with 95% con fi dence intervals.”
MethodAndersen, L. P., Jaspers, S., Andersen, D., Karlsen, I., & Aust, B. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-18527-5 · Cited by 4
“The size and direction of the estimates are also important [39], especially when studies are not powered for the specific analyses, which was the case in the present study.”
BackgroundWhose Judgement? Reflections on Elicitation in Bayesian Analysis
French, S. (2024) · Decision Analysis · doi:10.1287/deca.2023.0073 · Cited by 4
Five steps to high quality antimicrobial stewardship research
Langford, B. J., Bailey, P., Livorsi, D. J., Brown, K. A., Advani, S. D., Ashley, E. D., Bearman, G. M., & Nori, P. (2024) · Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology · doi:10.1017/ash.2024.73 · Cited by 5
“47,48 It is also important to account for multiple hypothesis testing, where possible, by using appropriate statistical tests, 49 and avoid selectively reporting only results that have achieved statistical significance.”
BackgroundTruth, Soft Lies, Statistics, and Experience in Managing Endometriosis
Koninckx, P. R., Koushik, A., & Tulandi, T. (2024) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada · doi:10.1016/j.jogc.2024.102421 · Cited by 4
Dogucu, M., Kazak, S., & Rosenberg, J. M. (2024) · Journal of Statistics and Data Science Education · doi:10.1080/26939169.2024.2362148 · Cited by 4
“Utilization of Bayesian methods in scientific practice (Wasserstein and Lazar 2016) to potentially overcome the mis-and over-use of p -values as well as the inclusion of Bayesian methods in statistics classes at the university level (Berry 1997; Witmer 2017; Johnson et al. 2020; Hu 2020; Hoegh…”
Best, A. M., Lang, T. A., Greenberg, B. L., Gunsolley, J. C., & Ioannidou, E. (2024) · The Journal of the American Dental Association · doi:10.1016/j.adaj.2024.06.007 · Cited by 5
Hammad, T. A., Davis, S., & Afsar, S. (2024) · Frontiers in Drug Safety and Regulation · doi:10.3389/fdsfr.2024.1445998 · Cited by 4
“The widespread use of “ statistical signi fi cance ” (generally interpreted as “ p ≤ 0.05 ” ) as a license for making a claim of a scienti fi c fi nding (or implied truth) leads to considerable distortion of the scienti fi c process (Wasserstein and Lazar, 2016).”
InfluentialAlamer, A., Lehaibi, L. A., Alomar, M., Aldhuwayan, F., Alshouish, S., Al-Ali, A. Y., Almudhry, Z., Almulhim, A., Althagafi, A. A., Aldosari, S. A., et al. (2024) · Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.4103/sjg.sjg_101_24 · Cited by 4
“[43] Our study also has several limitations.”
Vsevolozhskaya, O. A., Kuo, C., Ruiz, G., Diatchenko, L. B., & Zaykin, D. V. (2017) · Genetic Epidemiology · doi:10.1002/gepi.22064 · Cited by 4
Modelling and Certifying Safety for Cyber-Physical Systems: An Educational Experiment
Larrucea, X. (2016) · Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA) · doi:10.1109/seaa.2016.28 · Cited by 4
“org/) published an editorial paper [36] in The American Statistician journal where the ASAS recognizes the relevance and statistical significance of p-values.”
BackgroundEffect of statin on arginine metabolites in treated HIV-infection
Dirajlal‐Fargo, S., Kamari, V. E., Sattar, A., Alam, K., Funderburg, N., Labbato, D. E., Pirro, L., Longenecker, C. T., Tang, W. H. W., & McComsey, G. A. (2017) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.09.030 · Cited by 4
Vexler, A., & Yu, J. (2018) · Journal of Computational Biology · doi:10.1089/cmb.2017.0216 · Cited by 4
“This fact may hamper the usage of the p-value to examine the performance of statistical test procedures (e.g., Wasserstein and Lazar, 2016).”
MethodKato, T. (2018) · The Japanese Journal of Personality · doi:10.2132/personality.27.2.11 · Cited by 6
My Ban on Null Hypothesis Significance Testing and Confidence Intervals
Trafimow, D. (2018) · Studies in computational intelligence · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04263-9_3 · Cited by 4
Simple and flexible Bayesian inferences for standardized regression coefficients
Lu, Y., & Westfall, P. H. (2019) · Journal of Applied Statistics · doi:10.1080/02664763.2019.1584609 · Cited by 3
Considerations on Preclinical Neuromuscular Disease Gene Therapy Studies
Duan, D. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-03095-7_17 · Cited by 5
Modeling seasonal onset of coastal ice
Ji, X., Gronewold, A. D., Daher, H., et al. (2019) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-019-02400-1 · Cited by 4
Radowsky, J. S., DuBose, J. J., Scalea, T. M., et al. (2019) · Air Medical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.amj.2019.03.014 · Cited by 4
Hypothesis Testing in Presence of Adversaries
González‐Ortega, J., Insua, D. R., Ruggeri, F., & Soyer, R. (2019) · The American Statistician · doi:10.1080/00031305.2019.1630001 · Cited by 4
França, T. F. A., & Monserrat, J. M. (2019) · Learned Publishing · doi:10.1002/leap.1250 · Cited by 4
“…years have seen much talk about a reproducibility crisis, with researchers arguing about the misuse and misinterpretation of statistical methods (Wasserstein & Lazar, 2016), generalized low statistical power (Ioannidis, 2005), lack of transparency in experimental reports (Stark, 2018), spinning…”
BackgroundThe Capacity of JESSICA Projects to Repay Loans Based on Own Revenues
Idczak, P., & Musiałkowska, I. (2019) · Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review · doi:10.15678/eber.2019.070208 · Cited by 4
Barothermal Processing of Animal Feed Ingredients
Syrovatka, V. I., Zhdanova, N. V., Rasskazov, A. N., et al. (2019) · Engineering Technologies and Systems · doi:10.15507/2658-4123.029.201903.428-442 · Cited by 4
Experimental investigation on mobility reduction factor of surfactant-alternating-gas foam flooding
Hematpour, H., Mahmood, S. M., Nasr, N. H., et al. (2019) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 4
Second-Generation P-Values, Shrinkage, and Regularized Models
Stewart, T. G., & Blume, J. D. (2019) · Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.3389/fevo.2019.00486 · Cited by 5
Discussion on the Meeting on ‘Signs and Sizes:Understanding and Replicating Statistical Findings’
L. Hutton, J., Diggle, P. J., Bird, S. M., Hennig, C. M., Longford, N., Mathur, M. B., VanderWeele, T. J., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Chai, C. P., Dowe, D. L., et al. (2019) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (Statistics in Society) · doi:10.1111/rssa.12544 · Cited by 5
“With p-values now seen as a major cause of misinterpretation of study findings (see for example Wasserstein and Lazar (2016)), the introduction of a similar concept to assess replications appears somewhat problematic.”
BackgroundMethodRicci, C. A., Kamal, A. H. M., Chakrabarty, J. K., Ledbetter, B. E., Chowdhury, S. M., & Mydlarz, L. D. (2020) · Marine Biology · doi:10.1007/s00227-020-03680-3 · Cited by 4
Demšar, J., Repovš, G., & Štrumbelj, E. (2021) · Repository of the University of Ljubljana (University of Ljubljana) · Cited by 4
“Petite” p value: A Researchers’ Dream! Readers, Beware of the Pit …
Gupta, S., Mailankody, S., & Bajpai, J. (2015) · Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23399 · Cited by 4
Testing for persistence in US mutual funds’ performance: a Bayesian dynamic panel model
Mamatzakis, E. C. M., & Tsionas, E. G. (2020) · Annals of Operations Research · doi:10.1007/s10479-020-03691-9 · Cited by 4
An analysis of crash-safety ratings and the true assessment of injuries by vehicle
Philips, C. R., Garrett, R. C., Tatro, A. J., et al. (2021) · Computational Statistics · doi:10.1007/s00180-021-01072-9 · Cited by 4
Lyakhova, S., & Neate, A. (2021) · Teaching Mathematics and its Applications An International Journal of the IMA · doi:10.1093/teamat/hrab004 · Cited by 5
Amiri, M., Deckert, M., Michel, M. C., Poole, C., & Stang, A. (2021) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bcp.14836 · Cited by 4
“However, ASA discourages decisions “based only on whether a P-value passes a specific threshold”.(14) Diong highlighted that “researchers will often opt for reporting practices that make their paper look like others in their field”.”
BackgroundStock return predictability: Evaluation based on interval forecasts
Charles, A., Darné, O., & Kim, J. H. (2021) · Bulletin of Economic Research · doi:10.1111/boer.12298 · Cited by 4
Brennan, G. P., Snow, G. L., Minick, K. I., & Hunter, S. J. (2021) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzab176 · Cited by 4
Age differences in trajectories of self-rated health of young people with Multiple Sclerosis.
Ow, N., Kuspinar, A., & Mayo, N. (2021) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2021.103322 · Cited by 4
A Hybrid Approach to Administering a Spatial Skills Intervention
Bockmon, R., Cooper, S., Zhang, J., et al. (2021) · 2022 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE) · doi:10.1109/fie49875.2021.9637464 · Cited by 4
Applied Bayesian Approaches for Research in Motor Neuron Disease
Temp, A. G. M., Naumann, M., Hermann, A., & Glaß, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.796777 · Cited by 4
Chefranov, R. M., Lalomov, A. V., & Chefranova, A. V. (2023) · Geology of Ore Deposits · doi:10.1134/s1075701523020010 · Cited by 4
“05 without other supporting evidence (Wasserstein and Lazar, 2016).”
BackgroundInfluentialElgersma, I. H., Hart, R. K., Straiton, M., Hauge, L. J., & Reneflot, A. (2023) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-023-09666-3 · Cited by 4
Fooled by Significance Testing: An Analysis of the LOVIT Vitamin C Trial
Sidebotham, D. A. (2022) · Journal of ExtraCorporeal Technology · doi:10.1051/ject/202254324 · Cited by 6
Why It Is Problematic to Calculate Probabilities of Findings Given Range Null Hypotheses
Trafimow, D. (2017) · Open Journal of Statistics · doi:10.4236/ojs.2017.73034 · Cited by 4
“494 consistent with the recent American Statistical Association (ASA) statement that p-values should be used in concert with other information, rather than being the sole piece of information used to decide whether or not to reject hypotheses [37].”
BackgroundThe evaluation of pace of play in hockey
Silva, R. M., Davis, J., & Swartz, T. B. (2017) · Journal of Sports Analytics · doi:10.3233/jsa-170192 · Cited by 4
“Sometimes an experimental result is only seen as significant and publishable if a p-value less than 0.05 is attained (Wasserstein and Lazar 2016).”
BackgroundInfluentialVermeulen, L., Beirendonck, S. V., Bulens, A., et al. (2017) · Canadian Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.1139/cjas-2016-0233 · Cited by 4
“In addition, the contextual knowledge was considered while analysing the statistical results, as suggested by Goodman (2016) and Wasserstein and Lazar (2016).”
MethodOriented Onion Sowing by a Forked-Roller Sowing Unit
Aksenov, A. G., Emelyanov, P. A., & Sibirev, A. V. (2018) · Mordovia University Bulletin · doi:10.15507/0236-2910.028.201801.024-035 · Cited by 4
Abarca-Álvarez, F. J., Campos-Sánchez, F. S., & Reinoso-Bellido, R. (2018) · Bitácora Urbano Territorial · doi:10.15446/bitacora.v28n2.70145 · Cited by 4
Ratzmann, A., Schwahn, C., Treichel, A., et al. (2018) · Head & Face Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13005-018-0174-4 · Cited by 4
Sterett, S. M. (2018) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/0002764218797383 · Cited by 4
“The American Statistical Association issued a statement against reifying p values (Wasserstein & Lazar, 2016).”
BackgroundGearon, J. H., & Young, M. H. (2020) · Landscape Ecology · doi:10.1007/s10980-020-01149-8 · Cited by 4
A Homogeneidade da Inclusão Digital no Brasil: Sonho ou Realidade?
Lebioda, L., Cabral, G. O., & Tezza, R. (2019) · Revista Informação na Sociedade Contemporânea · doi:10.21680/2447-0198.2019v3n0id19118 · Cited by 4
Bayesian statistical methods and their application to resuscitation trials
Gates, S., Brock, K., & Ryan, E. (2020) · Resuscitation · doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.01.030 · Cited by 4
Default Bayes Factors for Testing the (In)equality of Several Population Variances
Dablander, F., van den Bergh, D., Wagenmakers, E., & Ly, A. (2023) · Bayesian Analysis · doi:10.1214/23-ba1369 · Cited by 5
“In light of these benefits and recent recommendations to go beyond p -value testing (Wasserstein and Lazar, 2016), we develop default Bayes factor tests (e.g., Consonni et al., 2018; Jeffreys, 1939; Ly et al., 2016a,b) for the (in)equality of several population variances.”
Automatic inference of causal reasoning chains from student essays
Hughes, S. (2019) · Digital Commons-DePaul (DePaul University) · Cited by 4
Assessing evidence for replication: A likelihood-based approach
Dixon, P., & Glover, S. (2020) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-020-01403-6 · Cited by 5
Francis, K., Williamson, T., Kelly, P., & Phillips, S. (2020) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1803717 · Cited by 4
The Use of the Posterior Probability in Score Differencing
Sinharay, S., & Johnson, M. (2020) · Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics · doi:10.3102/1076998620957423 · Cited by 4
“In addition, a recent statement by the American Statistical Association (Wasserstein & Lazar, 2016) included the recommendation that researchers and practitioners should explore approaches other than the frequentist p values, and Bayesian approaches are included in their list of “other approaches.””
BackgroundPekarskiy, S. E., Baev, A. E., Falkovskaya, А. Y., et al. (2020) · Patologiya krovoobrashcheniya i kardiokhirurgiya · doi:10.21688/1681-3472-2020-3s-98-107 · Cited by 4
On the Influence of Religious Assumptions in Statistical Methods Used in Science
Hunter, C. G. (2020) · Religions · doi:10.3390/rel11120656 · Cited by 5
“That statement concluded that “By itself, a p-value does not provide a good measure of evidence regarding a model or hypothesis” (Wasserstein and Lazar 2016, p. 132).”
BackgroundNLPStatTest: A Toolkit for Comparing NLP System Performance
Zhu, H., Mak, D., Gioannini, J., & Xia, F. (2020) · doi:10.18653/v1/2020.aacl-demo.7 · Cited by 7
“The American Statistical Association emphasizes that ‘‘a p-value, or statistical significance, does not measure the size of an effect or the importance of a result” (Wasserstein and Lazar, 2016).”
BackgroundMayo-Wilson, E., Chen, X., Qureshı, R., Dickinson, S., Golzarri‐Arroyo, L., Hong, H., Görg, C., & Li, T. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047785 · Cited by 4
Determining tourism drivers and followers: a methodological approach
Bellia, C., Pilato, M., & Séraphin, H. (2021) · Anatolia · doi:10.1080/13032917.2021.1916549 · Cited by 4
“…was used one Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with eight items, specifically std.lv = TRUE in order to use the variance standardization with a p-value > β for the significance level of the test (Wasserstein & Lazar, 2016) and the values expected for the goodness of fit for the statistical model.”
MethodNull hypothesis significance testing in simulation
Hofmann, M. A. (2016) · Winter Simulation Conference · doi:10.1109/wsc.2016.7822118 · Cited by 4
Learning epistatic polygenic phenotypes with Boolean interactions
Behr, M., Kumbier, K., Córdova‐Palomera, A., Aguirre, M., Ronen, O., Ye, C., Ashley, E. A., Butte, A. J., Arnaout, R., Brown, B., et al. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0298906 · Cited by 7
Four-decision tests for stochastic dominance, with an application to environmental psychophysics
Angelov, A. G., Ekström, M., Kriström, B., et al. (2019) · Journal of Mathematical Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jmp.2019.102281 · Cited by 4
“For example, if min { ̃︀ 𝑝 1 , ̃︀ 𝑝 2 } is slightly below 𝛼 , the evidence against 𝐻 0 is not very strong, but the smaller the value of min { ̃︀ 𝑝 1 , ̃︀ 𝑝 2 } , the greater the statistical incompatibility of the data with 𝐻 0 (cf. Wasserstein & Lazar, 2016).”
Editorial: It is about time to stop misusing the P‐value?
Gomez, R. S., de Abreu, M. H. N. G., Abreu, L. G., & Brennan, P. A. (2016) · Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine · doi:10.1111/jop.12509 · Cited by 4
Estimation and Inference for Very Large Linear Mixed Effects ModelsPreprint
Gao, K., & Owen, A. B. (2016) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1610.08088 · Cited by 4
“This problem was clearly presented by Ioannidis (2005) among others, and it has lead to the American Statistical Association releasing a statement on p-values (Wasserstein and Lazar, 2016).”
BackgroundComment on “Ducklings imprint on the relational concept of ‘same or different’”
Hupé, J. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aah6047 · Cited by 4
Enhancing the Reproducibility of Research Findings
Seto, M. C. (2017) · Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1177/1079063217711288 · Cited by 4
“We encourage the reporting of effect sizes and confidence intervals in addition to, or instead of, traditional Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (Wasserstein & Lazar, 2016).”
MethodTroublesome Dependency Modeling: Causality, Inference, Statistical LearningPreprint
Mandel, I. (2017) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2984045 · Cited by 4
Modeling Insect Epizootics and their Population‐Level Consequences
Elderd, B. D. (2017) · doi:10.1002/9781119256106.ch12 · Cited by 4
“However, the use of p‐values continues to fall out of favor, as evidenced by a policy statement from the American Statistical Association (ASA) (Wasserstein and Lazar, 2016).”
BackgroundCho, Y., Haycock, P., Sanderson, E., Gaunt, T. R., Zheng, J., Morris, A. P., Smith, G. D., & Hemani, G. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/476085 · Cited by 9
Discussion of “Randomization: The forgotten component of the randomized clinical trial”
Louis, T. A. (2018) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.7923 · Cited by 4
A cross-species assessment of behavioral flexibility in compulsive disordersPreprint
Benzina, N., N’Diaye, K., Pélissolo, A., Mallet, L., & Burguière, E. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/542100 · Cited by 4
Editorial: Focused Collection: Quantitative Methods in PER: A Critical Examination
Knaub, A. V., Aiken, J. M., & Caballero, M. D. (2019) · Physical Review Physics Education Research · doi:10.1103/physrevphyseducres.15.020001 · Cited by 4
The Fair Reward Problem: The Illusion of Success and How to Solve ItPreprint
Sornette, D., Wheatley, S., & Cauwels, P. P. (2019) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3377177 · Cited by 4
Understanding rumination as a form of inner speech: probing the role of motor processesPreprint
Nalborczyk, L. (2019) · Thesis Commons (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31237/osf.io/p6dct · Cited by 4
“These biases have been highlighted by many statisticians in the past (e.g., Wasserstein & Lazar, 2016).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Wasserstein, R. L., & Lazar, N. A.
- Affiliations
- American Statistical Association, 732 North Washington Street, Alexandria, VA 22314-1943
- American Statistical Association (US)
- ORCID
- Lazar, Nicole A.
- Venue
- The American Statistician
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2016-04-02
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 129-133
- ISSN
- 0003-1305 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-2731
- OpenAlex
- W2293040502
- Semantic Scholar
- 81a65f23474ffceb2481836328608102950da979
- Cited by
- 6,306
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 625 · 2025: 629 · 2024: 575 · 2023: 543 · 2022: 642 · 2021: 676 · 2020: 678 · 2019: 666 · 2018: 596 · 2017: 438 · 2016: 226
- FWCI
- 649.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The American Statistician (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistics Education and Methodologies
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Probability and Statistical Research
- Keywords
- p-values, statistical evidence, p-value interpretation, statistical inference, hypothesis testing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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