Time trends in US cannabis use and cannabis use disorders overall and by sociodemographic subgroups: a narrative review and new findings
Open accessAbstract
Background: Due to significant comorbidity and impairment associated with cannabis use and cannabis use disorder, understanding time trends in cannabis use and cannabis use disorder is an important public health priority.Objectives: To identify trends in cannabis use and cannabis use disorder overall, and by sociodemographic subgroup.Methods: Narrative review of published findings on trends in cannabis use and cannabis use disorders in data from repeated cross-sectional US general population surveys. In addition, in National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC; 2002–2002) and NESARC-III (2012–2013) data, logistic regression was used to examine whether trends differed between subgroups of adults.Results: The review showed that in adults, cannabis use increased over the past decade overall and within sociodemographic subgroups (gender, age, race/ethnicity, income, education, marital status, urbanicity, region, pregnancy status, disability status), with greater increases in men and disabled adults. Most sources also indicated significant increases in cannabis use disorders. New analysis showed significantly greater increases in adult cannabis use and cannabis use disorder in men (p ≤ .0001); young adults (p < .05); Blacks (vs. Whites, p < .01); low income groups (p < .001); never-married p ≤ .0001), and urban residents (p < .05). In adolescents, cannabis use generally decreased, although recent increases were observed in older and non-White adolescents.Conclusion: Cannabis use and cannabis use disorder are increasing in adults, with specific sociodemographic groups at higher risk, and may be increasing in some adolescent subgroups. Studies should determine mechanisms for differential trends to provide information to policymakers and enable informed decisions on cannabis legalization and service planning.
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International epidemiological studies have revealed that cannabis use is inversely correlated with level of education.
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Han, B., Compton, W. M., Jones, C. M., & Blanco, C. (2017) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.16m10948 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
The Formation of Marijuana Risk Perception in a Population of Substance Abusing Patients
Wilkinson, S. T., van Schalkwyk, G. I., Davidson, L., et al. (2015) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-015-9369-z · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Trends in Cannabis Use Disorder among Pregnant Women in the U.S., 1993–2014
Shi, Y., & Zhong, S. (2017) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-017-4201-0 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [44]Grant BF, Goldstein RB, Chou SP, Saha TD, Ruan WJ, Huang B, The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition version (AUDADIS-5). Rockville (MD): National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; 2011.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Rolland, B., Haesebaert, F., Zante, E., Benyamina, A., Haesebaert, J., & Franck, N. (2020) · JMIR Public Health and Surveillance · doi:10.2196/19630 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Fischer, B., Robinson, T., Bullen, C., Curran, V., Jutras-Aswad, D., Medina-Mora, M. E., Pacula, R. L., Rehm, J., Room, R., Brink, W. V. D., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103381 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Adolescent cannabis use, cognition, brain health and educational outcomes: A review of the evidence
Lorenzetti, V., Hoch, E., & Hall, W. (2020) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.03.012 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Conway, M., Hu, M., & Chapman, W. W. (2019) · Yearbook of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1055/s-0039-1677918 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Chiu, V., Leung, J., Hall, W., Stjepanović, D., & Degenhardt, L. (2021) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108610 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Hasin, D., Shmulewitz, D., Stohl, M., Greenstein, E., Roncone, S., Aharonovich, E., & Wall, M. (2020) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108294 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationPalacios-Ceña, D., Jiménez-Trujillo, I., Hernández-Barrera, V., Lima Florencio, L., & Carrasco-Garrido, P. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16183423 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
- Authors
- Hasin, D. S., Shmulewitz, D., & Sarvet, A. L.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hasin, Deborah S.
- Venue
- The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2019-03-14
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 623-643
- ISSN
- 0095-2990 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-9891
- PMC
- PMC6745010
- OpenAlex
- W2921729278
- Cited by
- 261
- References
- 96
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 6
- FWCI
- 3.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA018652, R01DA034244)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Keywords
- cannabis use, cannabis use disorder, temporal trends, sociodemographic disparities, adolescent cannabis use, gender differences, racial and ethnic disparities, low-income adults, marital status, urbanicity, disability, cannabis legalization, NESARC
- MeSH terms
- Marijuana Use, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Marijuana Abuse, Education, Ethnicity, Persons with Disabilities, Humans, Income, Middle Aged, Sex Factors, United States, Marital Status, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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