Effects of Cannabis Use on Human Behavior, Including Cognition, Motivation, and Psychosis: A Review
Open accessAbstract
With a political debate about the potential risks and benefits of cannabis use as a backdrop, the wave of legalization and liberalization initiatives continues to spread. Four states (Colorado, Washington, Oregon, and Alaska) and the District of Columbia have passed laws that legalized cannabis for recreational use by adults, and 23 others plus the District of Columbia now regulate cannabis use for medical purposes. These policy changes could trigger a broad range of unintended consequences, with profound and lasting implications for the health and social systems in our country. Cannabis use is emerging as one among many interacting factors that can affect brain development and mental function. To inform the political discourse with scientific evidence, the literature was reviewed to identify what is known and not known about the effects of cannabis use on human behavior, including cognition, motivation, and psychosis.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Cannabis use reduction in motivation manifests as reduced motivation to engage in everyday activities such as diminished desire to study or work, engage in social or recreational activities in frequent cannabis users.
“It manifests as a reduce motivation to engage in everyday activities such as a diminished desire to study or work, engage in social or recreational activities people who use cannabis frequently [32].”
From Cannabis, cannabinoids and health: a review of evidence on risks and medical benefits (2025) · cites this paper as [32]
Chronic cannabis users have smaller volumes of the hippocampus, a brain area implicated in stress, learning and memory.
“Specifically, chronic cannabis users have smaller volumes of the orbitofrontal cortex, a brain region implicated in motivation, and the hippocampus, a brain area implicated in stress, learning and memory [32].”
From Cannabis, cannabinoids and health: a review of evidence on risks and medical benefits (2025) · cites this paper as [32]
Cannabis users and people intoxicated with THC had altered function in the same regions and in brain striatal areas implicated in reward processing.
“Cannabis users and people intoxicated with THC had altered function in the same regions and in brain striatal areas implicated in reward processing.”
From Cannabis, cannabinoids and health: a review of evidence on risks and medical benefits (2025) · cites this paper as [32]
Chronic cannabis users have smaller volumes of the orbitofrontal cortex, a brain region implicated in motivation.
“Specifically, chronic cannabis users have smaller volumes of the orbitofrontal cortex, a brain region implicated in motivation, and the hippocampus, a brain area implicated in stress, learning and memory [32].”
From Cannabis, cannabinoids and health: a review of evidence on risks and medical benefits (2025) · cites this paper as [32]
Cites
Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci
Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13595 · Cited by 7,577 · see citing works
What is the role of dopamine in reward: hedonic impact, reward learning, or incentive salience?
Berridge, K. C., & Robinson, T. E. (1998) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(98)00019-8 · Cited by 4,127 · see citing works
Endocannabinoid-Mediated Control of Synaptic Transmission
Kano, M., Ohno‐Shosaku, T., Hashimotodani, Y., Uchigashima, M., & Watanabe, M. (2009) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00019.2008 · Cited by 1,529 · see citing works
Persistent cannabis users show neuropsychological decline from childhood to midlife
Meier, M. H., Caspi, A., Ambler, A., Harrington, H., Houts, R., Keefe, R. S. E., McDonald, K., Ward, A., Poulton, R., & Moffitt, T. E. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1206820109 · Cited by 1,523 · see citing works
Self-citationCaspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., Cannon, M., McClay, J., Murray, R., Harrington, H., Taylor, A., Arseneault, L., Williams, B., Braithwaite, A., et al. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.01.026 · Cited by 1,409 · see citing works
Cannabis use in adolescence and risk for adult psychosis: longitudinal prospective study.
Arseneault, L., Cannon, M., Poulton, R., Murray, R., Caspi, A., & Moffitt, T. E. (2002) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7374.1212 · Cited by 1,399 · see citing works
Cannabis and schizophrenia. A longitudinal study of Swedish conscripts
Andréasson, S., Engström, A., Allebeck, P., & Rydberg, U. (1987) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(87)92620-1 · Cited by 1,166 · see citing works
Apathy: a neuropsychiatric syndrome
Marin, R. S. (1991) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.3.3.243 · Cited by 1,088 · see citing works
D'Souza, D. C., Perry, E., MacDougall, L., Ammerman, Y., Cooper, T., Wu, Y.-T., Braley, G., Gueorguieva, R., & Krystal, J. H. (2004) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300496 · Cited by 1,024 · see citing works
Cannabis use and psychosis: A longitudinal population-based study
van Os, J. (2002) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwf043 · Cited by 928 · see citing works
Zammit, S., Allebeck, P., Andreasson, S., Lundberg, I., & Lewis, G. (2002) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7374.1199 · Cited by 871 · see citing works
Crean, R. D., Crane, N. A., & Mason, B. J. (2011) · Journal of Addiction Medicine · doi:10.1097/adm.0b013e31820c23fa · Cited by 732 · see citing works
Neurobiological Interactions Between Stress and the Endocannabinoid System
Morena, M., Patel, S., Bains, J. S., & Hill, M. N. (2015) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2015.166 · Cited by 663 · see citing works
Di Forti, M., Marconi, A., Carra, E., Fraietta, S., Trotta, A., Bonomo, M., Bianconi, F., Gardner-Sood, P., O'Connor, J., Russo, M., et al. (2015) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(14)00117-5 · Cited by 588 · see citing works
Hirvonen, J., Goodwin, R. S., Li, C.-T., Terry, G. E., Zoghbi, S. S., Morse, C., Pike, V. W., Volkow, N. D., Huestis, M. A., & Innis, R. B. (2012) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2011.82 · Cited by 587 · see citing works
Self-citationHigh-potency cannabis and the risk of psychosis
Di Forti, M., Morgan, C., Dazzan, P., Pariante, C., Mondelli, V., Marques, T. R., Handley, R., Luzi, S., Russo, M., Paparelli, A., et al. (2009) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.109.064220 · Cited by 567 · see citing works
Cannabis Use and Earlier Onset of Psychosis
Large, M. M. B., Sharma, S. K., Compton, M. T., Slade, T. N., & Nielssen, O. B. (2011) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.5 · Cited by 563 · see citing works
The acute effects of cannabinoids on memory in humans: a review
Ranganathan, M., & D’Souza, D. C. (2006) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0508-y · Cited by 517 · see citing works
Alvarez-Jimenez, M., Priede, A., Hetrick, S. E., Bendall, S., Killackey, E., Parker, A. G., McGorry, P. D., & Gleeson, J. F. (2012) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2012.05.007 · Cited by 511 · see citing works
Regional Brain Abnormalities Associated With Long-term Heavy Cannabis Use
Yücel, M., Solowij, N., Respondek, C., Whittle, S., Fornito, A., Pantelis, C., & Lubman, D. I. (2008) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.65.6.694 · Cited by 495 · see citing works
Di Forti, M., Sallis, H., Allegri, F., Trotta, A., Ferraro, L., Stilo, S. A., Marconi, A., La Cascia, C., Reis Marques, T., Pariante, C., et al. (2014) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbt181 · Cited by 470 · see citing works
Cannabidiol inhibits THC-elicited paranoid symptoms and hippocampal-dependent memory impairment
Englund, A., Morrison, P. D., Nottage, J. F., Hague, D., Kane, F., Bonaccorso, S., Stone, J. M., Reichenberg, A., Brenneisen, R., Holt, D., et al. (2012) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881112460109 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Young adult sequelae of adolescent cannabis use: an integrative analysis.
Silins, E., Horwood, L. J., Patton, G. C., Fergusson, D. M., Olsson, C. A., Hutchinson, D. M., Spry, E., Toumbourou, J. W., Degenhardt, L., Swift, W., et al. (2014) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(14)70307-4 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
Batalla, A., Bhattacharyya, S., Yücel, M., Fusar‐Poli, P., Crippa, J. A. S., Nogué, S., Torrens, M., Pujol, J., Farré, M., & Martín‐Santos, R. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055821 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Cannabis dependence and psychotic symptoms in young people
FERGUSSON, D. M., HORWOOD, L. J., & SWAIN-CAMPBELL, N. R. (2003) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291702006402 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Non-acute (residual) neurocognitive effects of cannabis use: A meta-analytic study
Grant, I., González, R., Carey, C. L., Natarajan, L., & Wolfson, T. J. (2003) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617703950016 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
Cannabis and adolescent brain development.
Lubman, D. I., Cheetham, A., & Yücel, M. (2015) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.11.009 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Effect of long-term cannabis use on axonal fibre connectivity
Zalesky, A., Solowij, N., Yücel, M., Lubman, D. I., Takagi, M., Harding, I. H., Lorenzetti, V., Wang, R., Searle, K., Pantelis, C., et al. (2012) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aws136 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Gone to Pot – A Review of the Association between Cannabis and Psychosis
Radhakrishnan, R., Wilkinson, S. T., & Dâ€TMSouza, D. C. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00054 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Crane, N. A., Schuster, R. M., Fusar‐Poli, P., & González, R. (2012) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-012-9222-1 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Morgan, C. J. A., Schafer, G., Freeman, T. P., & Curran, H. V. (2010) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.110.077503 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Cannabis use before age 15 and subsequent executive functioning
Fontes, M. A., Bolla, K. I., Cunha, P. J., Almeida, P. P., Jungerman, F. S., Laranjeira, R., Bressan, R. A., & Lacerda, A. L. T. (2011) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.110.077479 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Henquet, C., Rosa, A., A, L. K. M., Papiol, S., Fañanás, L., Drukker, M., Ramaekers, J. G., & van Os, J. (2006) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301197 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
O’Shea, M., Singh, M. E., McGregor, I. S., & Mallet, P. E. (2004) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881104047277 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Schreiner, A. M., & Dunn, M. E. (2012) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/a0029117 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Age of onset of marijuana use and executive function.
Gruber, S. A., Sagar, K. A., Dahlgren, M. K., Racine, M. T., & Lukas, S. E. (2011) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/a0026269 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Neurocognitive consequences of marihuana—a comparison with pre-drug performance
Fried, P. A., Watkinson, B., & Gray, R. (2004) · Neurotoxicology and Teratology · doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2004.11.003 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Confirmation that the AKT1 (rs2494732) genotype influences the risk of psychosis in cannabis users
Di Forti, M., Iyegbe, C., Sallis, H., Kolliakou, A., Falcone, M. A., Paparelli, A., Sirianni, M., La Cascia, C., Stilo, S. A., Marques, T. R., et al. (2012) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.06.020 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Pertwee, R. (2014) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199662685.001.0001 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Volkow, N. D., Wang, G., Telang, F., Fowler, J. S., Alexoff, D. L., Logan, J., Jayne, M. C., Wong, C., & Tomasi, D. G. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1411228111 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Self-citationCannabis Use and the Course of Schizophrenia: 10-Year Follow-Up After First Hospitalization
Foti, D., Kotov, R., Guey, L. T., & Bromet, E. J. (2010) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09020189 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Dopaminergic function in cannabis users and its relationship to cannabis-induced psychotic symptoms.
Bloomfield, M., Morgan, C., Egerton, A., Kapur, S., Curran, H., & Howes, O. (2014) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.05.027 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Role of the Endocannabinoid System in Pain
Woodhams, S. G., Sagar, D. R., Burston, J. J., & Chapman, V. (2015) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-46450-2_7 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Wong, D. F., Kuwabara, H., Horti, A. G., Raymont, V., Brašić, J. R., Guevara, M. C., Ye, W., Dannals, R. F., Ravert, H. T., Nandi, A., et al. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.04.034 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Genetic predisposition to schizophrenia associated with increased use of cannabis
Power, R. A., Verweij, K. J. H., Zuhair, M., Montgomery, G. W., Henders, A. K., Heath, A. C., Madden, P. A. F., Medland, S. E., Wray, N. R., & Martin, N. G. (2014) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2014.51 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
The Marihuana Problem: An Overview
McGlothlin, W. H., & West, L. J. (1968) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.125.3.370 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Schneider, M., Schömig, E., & Leweke, F. M. (2008) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2008.00117.x · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Endocannabinoid influence in drug reinforcement, dependence and addiction-related behaviors
Serrano, A., & Parsons, L. H. (2011) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.06.005 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Early Cannabis Use, Polygenic Risk Score for Schizophrenia and Brain Maturation in Adolescence
French, L., Gray, C., Leonard, G. T., Perron, M., Pike, G. B., Richer, L., Séguin, J. R., Veillette, S., Evans, J., Eric Artiges, A., et al. (2015) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.1131 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Cheetham, A., Allen, N. B., Whittle, S., Simmons, J. G., Yücel, M., & Lubman, D. I. (2012) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.10.029 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Daily Marijuana Use Is Not Associated with Brain Morphometric Measures in Adolescents or Adults
Weiland, B. J., Thayer, R. E., Depue, B. E., Sabbineni, A., Bryan, A. D., & Hutchison, K. E. (2015) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2946-14.2015 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Jacobsen, L. K., Pugh, K. R., Constable, R. T., Westerveld, M., & Mencl, W. E. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.02.014 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Jager, G., Block, R. I., Luijten, M., & Ramsey, N. F. (2010) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2010.02.001 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Cerebrospinal fluid anandamide levels, cannabis use and psychotic-like symptoms
Morgan, C. J. A., Page, E., Schaefer, C., Chatten, K., Manocha, A., Gulati, S., Curran, H. V., Brandner, B., & Leweke, F. M. (2013) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.112.121178 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Self-citationD’Souza, D. C. (2007) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7742(06)78010-2 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Lorenzetti, V., Solowij, N., Fornito, A., Lubman, D. I., & Yücel, M. (2014) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/13816128113199990435 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Neuroimaging studies of acute effects of THC and CBD in humans and animals: a systematic review
Batalla, A., Crippa, J. A., Busatto, G. F., Guimaraes, F. S., Zuardi, A. W., Valverde, O., Atakan, Z., McGuire, P. K., Bhattacharyya, S., & Martín-Santos, R. (2014) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/13816128113199990432 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Gálvez-Buccollini, J. A., Proal, A. C., Tomaselli, V., Trachtenberg, M. A., Coconcea, C., Chun, J., Manschreck, T. C., Fleming, J., & DeLisi, L. E. (2012) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2012.06.007 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationAKT1 Moderation of Cannabis-Induced Cognitive Alterations in Psychotic Disorder
the Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) Investigators, van Winkel, R., Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) Investigators, van Beveren, N. J. M., & Simons, C. J. P. (2011) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2011.141 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Altered resting-state connectivity in adolescent cannabis users
Orr, C., Morioka, R., Behan, B., Datwani, S., Doucet, M. V., Ivanović, J., Kelly, C. A. M., Weierstall, K., Watts, R., Smyth, B. P., et al. (2013) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.3109/00952990.2013.848213 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Association of cannabis use with prodromal symptoms of psychosis in adolescence
Miettunen, J., Törmänen, S., Murray, G. K., Jones, P. B., Mäki, P., Ebeling, H., Moilanen, I., Taanila, A., Heinimaa, M., Joukamaa, M., et al. (2008) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.107.045740 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Performance of heavy marijuana-smoking adolescents on a laboratory measure of motivation
Lane, S. D., Cherek, D. R., Pietras, C. J., & Steinberg, J. L. (2004) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.08.026 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Interaction Between Functional Genetic Variation of DRD2 and Cannabis Use on Risk of Psychosis
Colizzi, M., Iyegbe, C. O., Powell, J. F., Ursini, G., Porcelli, A., Bonvino, A., Taurisano, P., Romano, R., Masellis, R., Blasi, G., et al. (2015) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbv032 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Shared Predisposition in the Association Between Cannabis Use and Subcortical Brain Structure
Pagliaccio, D., Barch, D. M., Bogdan, R., Wood, P. K., Lynskey, M. T., Heath, A. C., & Agrawal, A. (2015) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.1054 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Clinical characteristics of adolescents later hospitalized for schizophrenia
Weiser, M., Knobler, H. Y., Noy, S., & Kaplan, Z. (2002) · American Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.10647 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Giordano, G. N., Ohlsson, H., Sundquist, K., Sundquist, J., & Kendler, K. S. (2015) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291714001524 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Paule, M. G., Allen, R. R., Bailey, J. R., Scallet, A. C., Ali, S. F. A., Brown, R. M., & Slikker, W. (1992) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)11218-4 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Cannabis users have higher premorbid IQ than other patients with first onset psychosis
Ferraro, L., Russo, M., O’Connor, J. A., Wiffen, B. D. R., Falcone, M. A., Sideli, L., Gardner-Sood, P., Stilo, S. A., Trotta, A., Dazzan, P., et al. (2013) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2013.07.046 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Volk, D. W., Eggan, S. M., Horti, A. G., Wong, D. F., & Lewis, D. A. (2014) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.07.017 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
A controlled family study of cannabis users with and without psychosis
Proal, A. C., Fleming, J., Gálvez-Buccollini, J. A., & DeLisi, L. E. (2013) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2013.11.014 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationFunctional connectivity and cannabis use in high-risk adolescents
Houck, J. M., Bryan, A. D., & Feldstein Ewing, S. W. (2013) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.3109/00952990.2013.837914 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
(2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511706080 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Crane, N. A., Schuster, R. M., Mermelstein, R. J., & González, R. (2015) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2015.1020770 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Decoster, J., van Os, J., Myin‐Germeys, I., Binder, M. D., & van Winkel, R. (2012) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/138161212802884591 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Report of the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission, 1893-94: A Critical Review
Kalant, O. J. (1972) · International Journal of the Addictions · doi:10.3109/10826087209026763 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Tunbridge, E. M., Dunn, G., Murray, R. M., Evans, N., Lister, R., Stumpenhorst, K., Harrison, P. J., Morrison, P. D., & Freeman, D. H. (2015) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881115609073 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Marijuana Effects on Sensitivity to Reinforcement in Humans
Lane, S. D. (2002) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(01)00375-x · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Zou, S., & Kumar, U. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19030833 · Cited by 1,362 · see citing works
US epidemiology of cannabis use and associated problems
Hasin, D. S. (2018) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2017.198 · Cited by 578 · see citing works
Pasman, J. A., Verweij, K. J. H., Gerring, Z. F., Stringer, S., Sanchez‐Roige, S., Treur, J. L., Abdellaoui, A., Nivard, M. G., Baselmans, B. M. L., Ong, J., et al. (2018) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0206-1 · Cited by 496 · see citing works
Lower-Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines: A Comprehensive Update of Evidence and Recommendations
Fischer, B., Russell, C., Sabioni, P., van den Brink, W., Foll, B. L., Hall, W., Rehm, J. T., & Room, R. (2017) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2017.303818 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
The effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on the dopamine system
Bloomfield, M., Ashok, A. H., Volkow, N. D., & Howes, O. D. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature20153 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Self-citationSmart, R., Caulkins, J. P., Kilmer, B., Davenport, S., & Midgette, G. (2017) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.13886 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Cuttler, C., & Spradlin, A. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0178194 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Murray, R. M., Quigley, H., Quattrone, D., Englund, A., & Forti, M. D. (2016) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20341 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Smart, R., & Pacula, R. L. (2019) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.1080/00952990.2019.1669626 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Hasin, D. S., Shmulewitz, D., & Sarvet, A. L. (2019) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.1080/00952990.2019.1569668 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Cannabis Addiction and the Brain: a Review
Zehra, A., Burns, J. A., Liu, C. K., Manza, P., Wiers, C. E., Volkow, N. D., & Wang, G. (2018) · Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s11481-018-9782-9 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Self-citationFischer, B., Robinson, T., Bullen, C., Curran, V., Jutras-Aswad, D., Medina-Mora, M. E., Pacula, R. L., Rehm, J., Room, R., Brink, W. V. D., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103381 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
The neuropsychopharmacology of cannabis: A review of human imaging studies
Bloomfield, M., Hindocha, C., Green, S. F., Wall, M. B., Lees, R., Petrilli, K., Costello, H., Ogunbiyi, O., Bossong, M. G., & Freeman, T. P. (2018) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.10.006 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Self-citationCannabinoid exposure and altered DNA methylation in rat and human sperm
Murphy, S. K., Itchon-Ramos, N., Visco, Z. R., Huang, Z., Grenier, C., Schrott, R., Acharya, K. S., Boudreau, M.-H., Price, T. M., Raburn, D., et al. (2018) · Epigenetics · doi:10.1080/15592294.2018.1554521 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Freeman, A. M., Petrilli, K., Lees, R., Hindocha, C., Mokrysz, C., Curran, H. V., Saunders, R., & Freeman, T. P. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.036 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Self-citationFreeman, T. P., & Lorenzetti, V. (2019) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.14842 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Iversen, L. L. (2007) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195328240.001.0001 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Cannabis-associated psychosis: Neural substrate and clinical impact
Murray, R. M., Englund, A., Abi‐Dargham, A., Lewis, D. A., Forti, M. D., Davies, C., Sherif, M. A., McGuire, P. K., & D’Souza, D. C. (2017) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.06.018 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Hammond, C. J., Chaney, A., Hendrickson, B. P., & Sharma, P. (2020) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540261.2020.1713056 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Cohen, K., & Weinstein, A. M. (2018) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2018.00162 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Lin, L. A., Ilgen, M. A., Jannausch, M. L., & Bohnert, K. M. (2016) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.05.015 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Association Between Electronic Cigarette Use and Marijuana Use Among Adolescents and Young Adults
Chadi, N., Schroeder, R. E., Jensen, J. W., & Levy, S. (2019) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.2574 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Adolescent cannabis use, cognition, brain health and educational outcomes: A review of the evidence
Lorenzetti, V., Hoch, E., & Hall, W. (2020) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.03.012 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Trends in cannabis use disorders among racial/ethnic population groups in the United States
Wu, L.-T. T., Zhu, H., & Swartz, M. S. (2016) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.06.002 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Morin, J.-F. G., Afzali, M. H., Bourque, J., Stewart, S. H., Séguin, J. R., O’Leary-Barrett, M., & Conrod, P. (2018) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.18020202 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Don't Worry, Be Happy: Endocannabinoids and Cannabis at the Intersection of Stress and Reward
Volkow, N. D., Hampson, A. J., & Baler, R. (2016) · The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010716-104615 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Self-citationBelbasis, L., Köhler, C. A., Stefanis, N. C., Stubbs, B., van Os, J., Vieta, E., Seeman, M. V., Arango, C., Carvalho, A. F., & Εvangelou, Ε. (2017) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12847 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
The Relationship Between Tobacco and Cannabis Use: A Review
Lemyre, A., Poliakova, N., & Bélanger, R. E. (2018) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2018.1512623 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Boehnke, K. F., Scott, J. R., Litinas, E., Sisley, S., Williams, D. A., & Clauw, D. J. (2019) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2019.01.010 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Melchior, M., Nakamura, A., Bolze, C., Hausfater, F., El-Khoury, F., Mary‐Krause, M., & Silva, M. A. D. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025880 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Cannabis, cannabinoids and health: a review of evidence on risks and medical benefits
Hoch, E., Volkow, N. D., Friemel, C. M., Lorenzetti, V., Freeman, T. P., & Hall, W. (2025) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-024-01880-2 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
“It manifests as a reduce motivation to engage in every-day activities such as a diminished desire to study or work, engage in social or recreational activities people who use cannabis frequently [32].”
Self-citationMeier, M. H., Caspi, A., Danese, A., Fisher, H. L., Houts, R., Arseneault, L., & Moffitt, T. E. (2018) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.13946 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citationSolowij, N., Broyd, S. J., Beale, C., Prick, J.-A., Greenwood, L., van Hell, H., Suo, C., Galettis, P., Pai, N. B., Fu, S., et al. (2018) · Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research · doi:10.1089/can.2017.0043 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Cohen, K., & Weinstein, A. M. (2018) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci8030040 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Campeny, E., López-Pelayo, H., Nutt, D., Blithikioti, C., Oliveras, C., Nuño, L., Maldonado, R., Florez, G., Arias, F., Fernández-Artamendi, S., et al. (2020) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.02.003 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Lorenzetti, V., Chye, Y., Silva, P., Solowij, N., & Roberts, C. A. (2019) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-019-00979-1 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Cognitive development prior to onset of psychosis
Mollon, J., & Reichenberg, A. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291717001970 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Dellazizzo, L., Potvin, S., Giguère, S., & Dumais, A. (2022) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.15764 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Non‐Motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease are Reduced by Nabilone
Peball, M., Krismer, F., Knaus, H., Djamshidian, A., Werkmann, M., Carbone, F., Ellmerer, P., Heim, B., Marini, K., Valent, D., et al. (2020) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.25864 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Levey, D. F., Galimberti, M., Deak, J. D., Wendt, F. R., Bhattacharya, A., Koller, D., Harrington, K. M., Quaden, R. M., Johnson, E. C., Gupta, P., et al. (2023) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-023-01563-z · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Mitchell, J. T., Sweitzer, M. M., Tunno, A. M., Kollins, S. H., & McClernon, F. J. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0156614 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Feingold, D., Rehm, J. T., & Lev‐Ran, S. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.02.027 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Bidwell, L. C., Ellingson, J. M., Karoly, H. C., YorkWilliams, S. L., Hitchcock, L. N., Tracy, B. L., Klawitter, J., Sempio, C., Bryan, A. D., & Hutchison, K. E. (2020) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.0927 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Prevalence and correlates of vaping cannabis in a sample of young adults.
Jones, C. B., Hill, M. L., Pardini, D. A., & Meier, M. H. (2016) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000217 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citationBudney, A. J., Sofis, M. J., & Borodovsky, J. T. (2019) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-018-0976-1 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Lower regional grey matter in alcohol use disorders: evidence from a voxel-based meta-analysis
Li, L., Yu, H., Liu, Y., Meng, Y., Li, X., Zhang, C., Liang, S., Li, M., Guo, W., Wang, Q., et al. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03244-9 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Nader, D. A., & Sanchez, Z. M. (2017) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.1080/00952990.2017.1306746 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Bae, H. T., & Kerr, D. (2019) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.14939 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Spindle, T. R., Martin, E. L., Grabenauer, M., Woodward, T., Milburn, M. A., & Vandrey, R. G. (2021) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811211021583 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Age Differences in Daily and Nondaily Cannabis Use in the United States, 2002–2014
Mauro, P. M., Carliner, H., Brown, Q. L., Hasin, D. S., Shmulewitz, D., Rahim, R., Sarvet, A. L., Wall, M. M., & Martins, S. S. (2018) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.15288/jsad.2018.79.423 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Wu, L.-T. T., Zhu, H., Mannelli, P., & Swartz, M. S. (2017) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.03.037 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Verdejo‐García, A., Lorenzetti, V., Manning, V., Piercy, H., Bruno, R., Hester, R., Pennington, D., Tolomeo, S., Arunogiri, S., Bates, M. E., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00877 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
The Effects of Cannabis Use on the Development of Adolescents and Young Adults
Hall, W., Leung, J., & Lynskey, M. T. (2020) · Annual Review of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-devpsych-040320-084904 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Brooks, E. A., Gundersen, D. C., Flynn, E. F., Brooks‐Russell, A., & Bull, S. S. (2017) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.03.007 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Castellanos-Ryan, N., Pingault, J.-B., Parent, S., Vitaro, F., Tremblay, R. E., & Séguin, J. R. (2017) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579416001280 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Modulatory effects of cannabinoids on brain neurotransmission
Cohen, K., Weizman, A., & Weinstein, A. M. (2019) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.14407 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Cannabis: A Treasure Trove or Pandora's Box?
Solymosi, K., & Köfalvi, A. (2016) · Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/1389557516666161004162133 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Daily associations between cannabis motives and consumption in emerging adults
Bonar, E. E., Goldstick, J. E., Collins, R. L., Cranford, J. A., Cunningham, R. M., Chermack, S. T., Blow, F. C., & Walton, M. A. (2017) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.05.006 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Mallipeddi, S., Janero, D. R., Zvonok, N., & Makriyannis, A. (2016) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2016.11.014 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Wang, W. Y., Volkow, N. D., Berger, N. A., Davis, P. B., Kaelber, D. C., & Xu, R. (2024) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-024-02498-5 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citationNeuropharmacological Effects of the Main Phytocannabinoids: A Narrative Review
SANTOS, R. G. D., Hallak, J. E. C., & Crippa, J. A. S. (2020) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-57369-0_3 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Robinson, T., Ali, M. U., Easterbrook, B., Coronado‐Montoya, S., Daldegan‐Bueno, D., Hall, W., Jutras‐Aswad, D., & Fischer, B. (2022) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109582 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Pacheco-Colón, I., Limia, J. M., & Gonzalez, R. (2018) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000380 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Feingold, D., Livne, O., Rehm, J. T., & Lev‐Ran, S. (2020) · Drug and Alcohol Review · doi:10.1111/dar.13031 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Ruiz, C. M., Torrens, A., Castillo, E., Perrone, C. R., Cevallos, J. R., Inshishian, V. C., Harder, E. V., Justeson, D. N., Huestis, M. A., Swarup, V., et al. (2020) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-020-00839-w · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Hacohen, M., Stolar, O. E., Berkovitch, M., Elkana, O., Kohn, E., Hazan, A., Heyman, E., Sobol, Y., Waissengreen, D., Gal, E., et al. (2022) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-022-02104-8 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Gilman, J. M., Schuster, R. M., Potter, K. W., Schmitt, W. A., Wheeler, G. L., Pachas, G. N., Hickey, S., Cooke, M. E., Dechert, A., Plummer, R. S., et al. (2022) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.2106 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationDoes Cannabis Use Cause Declines in Neuropsychological Functioning? A Review of Longitudinal Studies
González, R., Pacheco‐Colón, I., Duperrouzel, J. C., & Hawes, S. W. (2017) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617717000789 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Terry‐McElrath, Y. M., O’Malley, P. M., Johnston, L. D., Bray, B. C., Patrick, M. E., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2016) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.11.021 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Chadi, N., Li, G., Cerda, N., & Weitzman, E. R. (2019) · Journal of Addiction Medicine · doi:10.1097/adm.0000000000000506 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Choi, N. G., DiNitto, D. M., & Marti, C. N. (2017) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1111/ajad.12598 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Yanes, J. A., Riedel, M. C., Ray, K. L., Kirkland, A. E., Bird, R. T., Boeving, E. R., Reid, M. A., González, R., Robinson, J. L., Laird, A. R., et al. (2018) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881117744995 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Steenkamp, M. M., Blessing, E., Galatzer‐Levy, I. R., Hollahan, L., & Anderson, W. T. (2017) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22596 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Crowley, R. J., Kirschner, N. M., Dunn, A. S., & Bornstein, S. S. (2017) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m16-2953 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Lac, A., & Luk, J. W. (2017) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-017-0811-3 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Fischer, B., Russell, C., Rehm, J. T., & Leece, P. (2018) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdy090 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
The why behind the high: determinants of neurocognition during acute cannabis exposure
Ramaekers, J. G., Mason, N. L., Kloft, L., & Theunissen, E. L. (2021) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-021-00466-4 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Association between cannabis use disorder and schizophrenia stronger in young males than in females
Hjorthøj, C., Compton, W., Starzer, M., Nordholm, D., Einstein, E., Erlangsen, A., Nordentoft, M., Volkow, N. D., & Han, B. (2023) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291723000880 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citationChavez‐Baldini, U., Nieman, D. H., Keestra, A., Lok, A., Mocking, R. J. T., de Koning, P. P., Krzhizhanovskaya, V. V., Bockting, C., van Rooijen, G., Smit, D. J. A., et al. (2021) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291721001781 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Zhou, F., Zimmermann, K., Xin, F., Scheele, D., Dau, W., Banger, M., Weber, B., Hurlemann, R., Kendrick, K. M., & Becker, B. (2018) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.24345 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Current application of cannabidiol (CBD) in the management and treatment of neurological disorders
Fiani, B., Sarhadi, K. J., Soula, M., Zafar, A., & Quadri, S. A. (2020) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-020-04514-2 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Endocannabinoid System and Exogenous Cannabinoids in Depression and Anxiety: A Review
Hasbi, A., Madras, B. K., & George, S. R. (2023) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci13020325 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Robinson, T., Ali, M. U., Easterbrook, B., Hall, W., Jutras-Aswad, D., & Fischer, B. (2023) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291722000502 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Johnson, J. K., Hodgkin, D., & Harris, S. K. (2016) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.10.028 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Nicholas, L. H., & Maclean, J. C. (2019) · Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · doi:10.1002/pam.22122 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Serious adverse effects of cannabidiol (CBD): a review of randomized controlled trials
SANTOS, R. G. D., Guimarães, F. S., Crippa, J. A. S., Hallak, J. E. C., Rossi, G. N., Rocha, J. M., & Zuardi, A. W. (2020) · Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology · doi:10.1080/17425255.2020.1754793 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Price and product variation in Washington's recreational cannabis market
Davenport, S. (2019) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.08.004 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Thompson, K., Holley, M., Sturgess, C. M. B., & Leadbeater, B. J. R. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18073652 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Alcohol and cannabis: Comparing their adverse health effects and regulatory regimes
Hall, W. (2016) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.10.021 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Adverse Structural and Functional Effects of Marijuana on the Brain: Evidence Reviewed
Mandelbaum, D. E., & de la Monte, S. M. (2016) · Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2016.09.004 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Cannabis Concentrate Use in Adolescents
Meier, M. H., Docherty, M., Leischow, S. J., Grimm, K. J., & Pardini, D. A. (2019) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2019-0338 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationAdvancing the science on cannabis concentrates and behavioural health
Bidwell, L. C., Martin‐Willett, R., & Karoly, H. C. (2021) · Drug and Alcohol Review · doi:10.1111/dar.13281 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Casajuana, C., Balcells‐Oliveró, M., López‐Pelayo, H., Miquel, L., Teixidó, L., Colom, J., Nutt, D., Rehm, J. T., & Gual, A. (2017) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.03.010 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
The Effect of Medical Marijuana Laws on Labor Market Outcomes
Sabia, J. J., & Nguyen, T. T. (2018) · The Journal of Law and Economics · doi:10.1086/701193 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Addiction, cognitive decline and therapy: Seeking ways to escape a vicious cycle
Perry, C. J., & Lawrence, A. J. (2017) · Genes, Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1111/gbb.12325 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Gabri, A., Galanti, M. R., Orsini, N., & Magnusson, C. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0261885 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Bahorik, A. L., Sterling, S., Campbell, C. I., Weisner, C. M., Ramo, D. E., & Satre, D. D. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.05.065 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Sexton, M., Cuttler, C., & Mischley, L. K. (2018) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2018.0319 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Kühl, J. O. G., Laursen, T. M., Thorup, A. A. E., & Nordentoft, M. (2016) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2016.06.023 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Subcortical Local Functional Hyperconnectivity in Cannabis Dependence
Manza, P., Tomasi, D. G., & Volkow, N. D. (2017) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.11.004 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Volkow, N. D., Swanson, J. M., Evins, A. E., DeLisi, L. E., Meier, M. H., Gonzalez, R., Bloomfield, M. A. P., Curran, H. V., & Baler, R.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Arizona State University (US)
- Center for Children and Families, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami
- Hammersmith Hospital (GB)
- University College London (GB)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- ORCID
- Venue
- JAMA Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2016-03-01
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 292
- ISSN
- 2168-622X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2264173627
- Cited by
- 867
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 46 · 2025: 85 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 85 · 2022: 81 · 2021: 87 · 2020: 105 · 2019: 102 · 2018: 97 · 2017: 74 · 2016: 40
- FWCI
- 84.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- discovery.ucl.ac.uk
- Locations
- JAMA Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- FORUM Pharmaceuticals
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (CL-2015-18-005, ACF-2014-18-010)
- British Medical Association
- National Institutes of Health
- Medical Research Council (MR/K015524/1)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA021576, R01DA021245, R01DA030992)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychedelics and Drug Studies
- Keywords
- cannabis use, recreational cannabis legalization, medical cannabis, cognition, motivation, psychosis, brain development, mental health, cannabis policy
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Behavior, Cannabis, Marijuana Abuse, Cognition, Humans, Legislation, Drug, Motivation, Psychoses, Substance-Induced, United States
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
