Cited by 222Opioid Use Disorder TreatmentSubstance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesPain Management and Opioid Use

Nonmedical Prescription Opioid Use and DSM-5 Nonmedical Prescription Opioid Use Disorder in the United States

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Saha, Tulshi D., Kerridge, Bradley T., Goldstein, Risë B., Chou, S. Patricia, Zhang, Haitao, Jung, Jeesun, Pickering, Roger P., Ruan, W. June +4 more·2016·The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The authors present 12-month and lifetime prevalence, correlates, psychiatric comorbidity, and treatment of nonmedical prescription opioid use (NMPOU) and DSM-5 NMPOU disorder (NMPOUD). METHODS: Data were derived from the 2012-2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III) (N = 36,309). RESULTS: Prevalences of 12-month and lifetime NMPOU were 4.1% and 11.3%, exceeding rates in the 2001-2002 NESARC (1.8%, 4.7%). Twelve-month and lifetime rates of DSM-5 NMPOUD were 0.9% and 2.1%. NESARC-III DSM-IV NMPOUD rates (0.8%, 2.9%) were greater than those observed in the 2001-2002 NESARC (0.4% and 1.4%). Rates of NMPOU were greater among men, but no sex differential was observed for NMPOUD. Prevalences of NMPOU and NMPOUD were generally greater among 18- to 64-year-old individuals, whites, and Native Americans, and individuals with lower socioeconomic status. Associations were observed between 12-month and lifetime NMPOU and NMPOUD and other drug use disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, and borderline, schizotypal, and antisocial personality disorders; persistent depression and major depressive disorder (for NMPOU); and bipolar I disorder (for NMPOUD). Only 5.5% and 17.7% of individuals with 12-month NMPOU and NMPOUD were ever treated. CONCLUSIONS: NMPOU and NMPOUD have considerably increased over the past decade, are associated with a broad array of risk factors and comorbidities, and largely go untreated in the United States. More information on the determinants, characteristics, and outcomes of NMPOU and NMPOUD is needed to support evidence-based interventions and prevention.

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  • MDD was associated with substance use disorders, particularly drug disorders.

    “Major depressive disorder was assoc iated w ith SUDs, particularly drug disorders, as found previously for cannabis, 40,62 nonmedical prescription opioids, 5,57,63 and drug use disorders.41”

    From Epidemiology of Adult <i>DSM-5</i> Major Depressive Disorder and Its Specifiers in the United States (2018) · cites this paper as [41]

    The Results > Comorbidity section (page unavailable) reports an association between nonmedical prescription opioid use and major depressive disorder, limited to 12-month MDD. It does not report that MDD was associated with nonmedical prescription opioid use disorder, or establish that the association was particularly strong for drug disorders. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  1. [1]Institute of Medicine Report from the Committee on Advancing Pain Research, Care, and Education Relieving Pain in American A Blueprint for Transforming Prevention, Care, Education and Research Washington, DC The National Academies Press 2011 22553896
  2. [32]Hasin DS O’Brien CP Auriacombe M recommendations and rationale Am J Psychiatry 2013 170 8 834 851 23903334 PMC3767415
  3. [36]Grant BF Goldstein RB Chou SP The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule – Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fifth Edition Version (AUDADIS-5) Rockville, MD National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism 2011
  4. [39]Hasin DS Aivadyan C Greenstein E Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance Use and Mental Disorders, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (PRISM-5) Version New York, NY Columbia University, Department of Psychiatry 2011
  5. [56]Roe CM McNamara AM Motheral BR Gender- and age-related prescription drug use patterns Ann Pharmacother 2002 36 1 30 39 11816254

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Authors
Saha, T. D., Kerridge, B. T., Goldstein, R. B., Chou, S. P., Zhang, H., Jung, J., Pickering, R. P., Ruan, W. J., Smith, S. M., Huang, B., Hasin, D. S., & Grant, B. F.
Affiliations
  • National Institutes of Health (US)
  • Columbia University (US)
  • New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
Corresponding author
Saha, Tulshi D.
Venue
The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
Published
2016-06-22
Volume
77
Issue
06
Pages
772-780
ISSN
0160-6689 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2468306238
Cited by
222
References
85
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 4
FWCI
28.10
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (Z01AA000449)
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA034244, F32DA036431)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Opioid Use
Keywords
prescription opioid misuse, prevalence, psychiatric comorbidity, post-traumatic stress disorder, personality disorders, major depressive disorder, bipolar I disorder, treatment utilization, risk factors, NESARC-III, DSM-5
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Mental Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Opioid-Related Disorders, Statistics as Topic, United States, Comorbidity, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Young Adult, Prescription Drug Misuse

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