Cited by 213Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances researchToxic Organic Pollutants ImpactFluorine in Organic Chemistry

Dietary exposure to perfluoroalkyl acids for the Swedish population in 1999, 2005 and 2010

Vestergren, Robin, Berger, Urs, Glynn, Anders, Cousins, Ian T.·2012·Environment International

Abstract

Dietary intake has been hypothesized to be the major pathway of human exposure to perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs). However, difficulties associated with the analysis of PFAAs at ultra trace levels in food samples have prevented the confirmation of this hypothesis. In this study, the dietary intake of PFAAs for the general Swedish population was estimated by applying a highly sensitive analytical method to a set of archived food market basket samples from 1999, 2005 and 2010. Dietary exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) (860-1440 pg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) (90-210 pg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) (50-110 pg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) (70-80 pg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹) was dominated by the consumption of fish and meat. In contrast, dietary exposure to PFOA (350-690 pg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹) originated from low levels (8-62 pg g⁻¹) found in several high consumption food categories including cereals, dairy products, vegetables and fruit. The dietary intakes of PFOS and PFOA estimated in this study were 4 to 10 times lower compared to previous exposure modeling studies. Nevertheless, the dietary intake of PFOS and PFOA was still a factor of 6 to 10 higher than exposure through ingestion of household dust and drinking water estimated for the general Swedish population. For perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) drinking water intake was the major exposure pathway (36-53% of the total exposure) whereas dust ingestion made a significant contribution (27-49%) to the total exposure for PFHxA, PFHpA, PFNA, perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) and perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTeDA). Dietary intakes varied by less than a factor of three for all PFAAs during the different sampling years which demonstrates that dietary intake has been fairly constant over the past decade when many manufacturing changes occurred.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.envint.2012.08.016

Cites

69 of 69 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

2 of the 71 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Vestergren, R., Berger, U., Glynn, A., & Cousins, I. T.
Affiliations
  • Stockholm University (SE)
  • National Food Administration (SE)
Corresponding author
Vestergren, Robin
Venue
Environment International
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2012-11
Volume
49
Pages
120-127
ISSN
0160-4120 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2066181078
Cited by
213
References
71
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 1
FWCI
13.25
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Environment International (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., Inc.
  • European Commission Seventh Framework Project PERFOOD (PERFluorinated Organics in Our Diet) (KBBE-227525)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
Keywords
perfluoroalkyl acids, dietary exposure, PFOS, perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorinated carboxylic acids, dietary intake, drinking water consumption, exposure trends, Swedish population, perfluorohexanoic acid, PFHpA, PFHxS, PFNA, perfluoroundecanoic acid, perfluorodecanoic acid
MeSH terms
Diet, Environmental Exposure, Environmental Pollutants, Environmental Pollution, Fluorocarbons, Food Analysis, Food Contamination, Humans, Sweden

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review