Affect regulation, nicotine addiction, and smoking cessation
Abstract
Numerous investigators have examined the role of negative affective states and affect regulation in the initiation and development of cigarette smoking behavior, smoking cessation, and relapse prevention. Affect regulation refers to any attempt to alleviate negative mood states by means of pharmacologic-, cognitive-, behavioral- or environmental-change methods. The psychological construct/process of affect regulation is examined in relation to (1) the initiation, development, and maintenance of the cigarette smoking habit; (2) the process of quitting smoking; and (3) the long-term maintenance of smoking abstinence versus relapse. Various psychosocial factors and physiological mechanisms are explored that have been hypothesized to be links between negative mood states, nicotine addiction, and smoking cessation. Implications for smoking cessation treatment are discussed in the areas of (1) the use of pharmacologic agents, such as clonidine, in the reduction of nicotine withdrawal symptoms; (2) nicotine replacement therapy; and (3) skills-training approaches to smoking cessation and relapse prevention.
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According to the self-medication hypothesis of nicotine dependence, nicotine reduces negative affect and works as an antidepressant.
“According to the self-medication hypothesis of nicotine dependence (Carmody, 1992; Markou, Kosten, & Koob, 1998; Pomerleau & Pomerleau, 1985), this might be because nicotine reduces negative affect and works as an antidepressant.”
From Nicotine addiction and psychiatric disorders (2015) · cites this paper as Carmody, 1992
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- Authors
- Carmody, T. P.
- Affiliations
- San Francisco VA Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Carmody, Timothy P.
- Venue
- Journal of Psychoactive Drugs
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1992-04
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 111-122
- ISSN
- 0279-1072 (ISSN-L)
- 2159-9777
- OpenAlex
- W2052240233
- Cited by
- 206
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 3.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Keywords
- emotion regulation, nicotine dependence, smoking cessation, relapse prevention, negative mood states, cigarette smoking initiation, smoking abstinence, nicotine withdrawal symptoms, clonidine, nicotine replacement therapy, skills training, tobacco dependence treatment
- MeSH terms
- Affect, Humans, Nicotine, Smoking, Smoking Cessation, Substance-Related Disorders
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