Cited by 1,236Rhetoric and Communication StudiesLinguistics and Discourse AnalysisInterpersonal and Organizational Communication

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Goodwill: A reexamination of the construct and its measurement

McCroskey, James C., Teven, Jason J.·1999·Communication Monographs

DOI 10.1080/03637759909376464

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Abstract

As a result of the controversy over the dimensionality of the ethos/source credibility construct and the associated plethora of empirical studies in the 1960s and 1970s, Aristotle's dimension of “goodwill” has been dismissed by many contemporary theorists and researchers. It is argued that this occurred as a result of errors made in the earlier empirical research and that “goodwill” can be measured, contrary to earlier claims, and should be restored to its former status in rhetorical communication theory. Empirical research is reported indicating the existence of the goodwill dimension as part of the structure of the ethos/source credibility construct and a measure of that dimension is provided with evidence for its reliability and validity.

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BackgroundMethodSelf-citation
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Lightstone, K., Francis, R., & Kocum, L. (2011) · Cited by 21
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Zhang, R., Mercado, T., & Bi, N. C. (2024) · Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1108/jrim-11-2023-0416 · Cited by 28
Chemical Exposure: European Citizens’ Perspectives, Trust, and Concerns on Human Biomonitoring Initiatives, Information Needs, and Scientific Results
Uhl, M., Santos, R. R., Costa, J., Santos, O., Virgolino, A., Evans, D. S., Murray, C., Mulcahy, M., Ubong, D., Sepai, O., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18041532 · Cited by 20
“The credibility of an information source has been widely studied [52,53] and some authors have tried to identify its attributes, which includes expertise, objectivity, impartiality, fairness, trustworthiness, and goodwill [54,55].”
Background
The Role of Threat and Counterarguing in Therapeutic Inoculation
Ivanov, B., Rains, S. A., Dillingham, L. L., Parker, K. A., Geegan, S. A., & Barbati, J. L. (2021) · Southern Communication Journal · doi:10.1080/1041794x.2021.1983012 · Cited by 20
“In general, two-sided messages elicit greater levels of trustworthiness (Eagly et al., 1978) as a dimension of credibility (McCroskey & Teven, 1999).”
Background
Developing Sexual Self-Efficacy Beliefs During Adolescence: Do Health Teachers Really Matter?
Allsop, Y., & Anderman, E. M. (2022) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-022-01646-w · Cited by 30
“Items developed to assess students’ perceptions of teacher care for students were used for measuring teacher caring (McCroskey & Teven, 1999; Teven & McCroskey, 1996).”
Method
Robots in Games
Rato, D., Correia, F., Pereira, A., & Prada, R. (2022) · International Journal of Social Robotics · doi:10.1007/s12369-022-00944-4 · Cited by 20
“how trustworthy [88] is a robot) or more as a relationship attribute relevant to the overall perception and measure-”
Background
Framing COVID-19 Preprint Research as Uncertain: A Mixed-Method Study of Public Reactions
Ratcliff, C. L., Fleerackers, A., Wicke, R., Harvill, B., King, A. J., & Jensen, J. D. (2023) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2023.2164954 · Cited by 18
“We used an expert source credibility scale (McCroskey & Teven, 1999) to assess two dimensions of scientist credibility: competence and trustworthiness.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Positive Feedback From Male Authority Figures Boosts Women’s Math Outcomes
Park, L. E., Kondrak, C. L., Ward, D. E., & Streamer, L. (2017) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167217741312 · Cited by 20
“Next, participants completed a Source Credibility Scale (McCroskey & Teven, 1999) that was adapted to assess perceptions of the professor’s competence (e.g., “Intelligent vs. Unintelligent,” six items, α = .87), caring (e.g., “Has my interests at heart vs. Doesn’t have my interests at heart,” six items, α = .82), and…”
Method
Female Robots as Role-Models? - The Influence of Robot Gender and Learning Materials on Learning Success
Pfeifer, A., & Lugrin, B. (2018) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-93846-2_51 · Cited by 20
The Effects of Instructor Credibility, Grade Incentives, and Framing of a Technology Policy on Students’ Intent to Comply and Motivation to Learn
Moore, K., & Richards, A. S. (2019) · Communication Studies · doi:10.1080/10510974.2019.1617761 · Cited by 20
“Consistent with previous approaches that found instructor credibility to be psychometrically unidimensional (e.g., McCroskey & Teven, 1999; see Finn et al., 2009 for studies using a unidimensional measure of credibility), the three subscales were then averaged to form a single credibility composite.”
BackgroundMethod
Determinants of teachers’ feedback acceptance during a school inspection visit
Quintelier, A., Mæyer, S. D., & Vanhoof, J. (2020) · School Effectiveness and School Improvement · doi:10.1080/09243453.2020.1750432 · Cited by 20
WHO ARE FANS OF FACEBOOK FAN PAGES? AN ELECTRONIC WORD-OF-MOUTH COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVE
Hu, X. M. (2014) · International Journal of Cyber Society and Education · doi:10.7903/ijcse.1156 · Cited by 25
The association of physician socio‐communicative style with physician credibility and patient satisfaction
RICHMOND, V. P., Smith, R. S., Heisel, A. D., & McCroskey, J. C. (2002) · Communication Research Reports · doi:10.1080/08824090209384849 · Cited by 20
Self-citation
How consumers process online review types in familiar versus unfamiliar destinations. A self-reported and neuroscientific study
Alcañiz, J. E. B., Mafé, C. R., & Pérez, R. C. (2023) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2023.123067 · Cited by 19
Credibility and altered communication styles of AI graders in the classroom
Abendschein, B., Lin, X., Edwards, C. C., Edwards, A. P., & Rijhwani, V. (2024) · Journal of Computer Assisted Learning · doi:10.1111/jcal.12979 · Cited by 19
What matters most? A prioritization of medical students’ preferences for effective teaching
Knoster, K. C., Goodboy, A. K., Martin, M. M., & Thomay, A. A. (2020) · Communication Education · doi:10.1080/03634523.2020.1841254 · Cited by 19
"I think you are doing a bad job!"
van der Hoorn, D., Neerincx, A., & de Graaf, M. M. A. (2021) · ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) · doi:10.1145/3434073.3444681 · Cited by 23
“Performance trust was measured with the reliability scale of Madsen and Gregor [26] and social trust was measured with the trustworthiness scale of McCroskey and Teven [32] which were both deemed reliable (i.e., 𝛼 = .82 and 𝛼 = .68 respectively).”
Method
How to garner public support for carbon capture, utilization and storage? Comparing narrative and statistical frames among Chinese citizens
Liu, B., Xu, Y., Chen, Y., Lu, S., & Zhao, D. (2022) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2022.102738 · Cited by 19
Source valence in assessing candidate image in a local election
Allen, J. L., & Post, D. J. (2004) · Communication Research Reports · doi:10.1080/08824090409359979 · Cited by 19
Supervisor Impression Management: Message Content and Channel Effects on Impressions
Westerman, C. Y. K., & Westerman, D. (2010) · Communication Studies · doi:10.1080/10510974.2010.514674 · Cited by 19
“The source credibility measure is comprised of three scales measuring levels of competence (ie, expertise), trustworthiness, and goodwill (McCroskey & Teven, 1999 ).”
Background
Maximising the credibility of realistic job preview messages: the effect of jobseekers’ decision-making style on recruitment information credibility
Liu, Y., Keeling, K. A., & Papamichail, K. N. (2016) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585192.2016.1203347 · Cited by 26
“Three items, adopted from the personal-involvement inventory (Zaichkowsky, 1994) (item 1) and the credibility scale (McCroskey & Teven, 1999) (items 2 and 3), were employed to evaluate the credibility of the information.”
Method
Predicting Student Satisfaction: The Role of Academic Entitlement and Nonverbal Immediacy
Zhu, L., & Anagondahalli, D. (2017) · Communication Reports · doi:10.1080/08934215.2017.1364777 · Cited by 19
“Communication scholars have examined speaker credibility as involving three conceptual dimensions: competence, trust, and caring (e.g., McCroskey, Holdridge, & Toomb, 1974; McCroskey & Teven, 1999; McCroskey & Young, 1981).”
BackgroundMethod
Optimistic Bias, Food Safety Cognition, and Consumer Behavior of College Students in Taiwan and Mainland China
Wang, G.-Y., & Yueh, H. (2020) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods9111588 · Cited by 19
Social Media and Microblogs Credibility: Identification, Theory Driven Framework, and Recommendation
Qureshi, K. A., Malick, R. A. S., & Sabih, M. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3114417 · Cited by 23
Probing Language Teachers’ Stroking and Credibility in Relation to Their Success in Class
Pishghadam, R., & Karami, M. (2018) · Alberta Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.55016/ojs/ajer.v63i4.56431 · Cited by 19
Image Repair Campaign Strategies Addressing Race: Paula Deen, Social Media, and Defiance
Len-Ríos, M. E., Finneman, T., Han, K. J., Bhandari, M., & Perry, E. L. (2015) · International Journal of Strategic Communication · doi:10.1080/1553118x.2015.1008637 · Cited by 19
“To assess public figure credibility, participants rated the politician’s/celebrity’s tweets based on nine items partially derived from McCroskey and Teven (1999) and using a 7-point semantic differential scale, e.”
Method
Effects of Dodging Questions: How Politicians Escape Deception Detection and How They Get Caught
Clementson, D. E. (2017) · Journal of Language and Social Psychology · doi:10.1177/0261927x17706960 · Cited by 20
Effects of Mock Facebook Workday Comments on Public Perception of Professional Credibility: A Field Study in Canada
Weijs, C., Coe, J., Desmarais, S., Majowicz, S., & Jones-Bitton, A. (2019) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/12024 · Cited by 17
“Perceptions of professional credibility, generally defined as caring, competence, and trustworthiness [2], underpin clients’ sense of professionalism [1,3].”
Influential
Ambivalent Sexism? Shifting Patterns of Gender Bias in Five Arab Countries
Jones, C. W., Mitchell, J. S., & Martin, J. D. (2021) · International Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1093/isq/sqab007 · Cited by 18
El impacto de la credibilidad docente y la motivación del estudiante en la evaluación de la docencia.
Froment, F., Gómez-Millán, M. R. B., & González, A. J. G. (2021) · Revista Española de Pedagogía · doi:10.22550/rep79-3-2021-03 · Cited by 18
The game of goodwill: an exploratory study of discursive goodwill strategies of interest organizations in a consensus democracy
Ihlen, Ø., & Raknes, K. (2022) · Interest Groups & Advocacy · doi:10.1057/s41309-022-00153-4 · Cited by 19
“…statements such as ‘cares about me/doesn’t care about me,’ ‘has my interests at heart/ doesn’t have my interests at heart,’ ‘self-centered/not self-centered,’ ‘concerned with me/unconcerned with me,’ ‘sensitive/insensitive,’ and ‘not understanding/understanding’ (McCroskey and Teven 1999, p. 95).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential

Authors: McCroskey, J. C., & Teven, J. J.
Affiliations: West Virginia University (US)
Northwest Missouri State University (US)
Venue: Communication Monographs
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 1999-03
Volume: 66
Issue: 1
Pages: 90-103
ISSN: 0363-7751 (ISSN-L)
1479-5787
DOI: 10.1080/03637759909376464
OpenAlex: W1992262987
Cited by: 1,236
References: 26
Citations by year: 2026: 100 · 2025: 99 · 2024: 80 · 2023: 86 · 2022: 96 · 2021: 99 · 2020: 84 · 2019: 90 · 2018: 65 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 63 · 2015: 56 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 24
FWCI: 36.19
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Communication Monographs (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Communication › Rhetoric and Communication Studies
Social Sciences › Linguistics and Language › Linguistics and Discourse Analysis
Social Sciences › Communication › Interpersonal and Organizational Communication
Keywords: goodwill, ethos, source credibility

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Goodwill: A reexamination of the construct and its measurement

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