Cited by 1,236Rhetoric and Communication StudiesLinguistics and Discourse AnalysisInterpersonal and Organizational Communication

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Goodwill: A reexamination of the construct and its measurement

McCroskey, James C., Teven, Jason J.·1999·Communication Monographs

DOI 10.1080/03637759909376464

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

As a result of the controversy over the dimensionality of the ethos/source credibility construct and the associated plethora of empirical studies in the 1960s and 1970s, Aristotle's dimension of “goodwill” has been dismissed by many contemporary theorists and researchers. It is argued that this occurred as a result of errors made in the earlier empirical research and that “goodwill” can be measured, contrary to earlier claims, and should be restored to its former status in rhetorical communication theory. Empirical research is reported indicating the existence of the goodwill dimension as part of the structure of the ethos/source credibility construct and a measure of that dimension is provided with evidence for its reliability and validity.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/03637759909376464

Cites

26 of 26 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The Measurement of Meaning
Osgood, C. E., Suci, G. J., & Tannenbaum, P. H. (1957) · Cited by 9,433
A Second Generation Little Jiffy
Kaiser, H. F. (1970) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02291817 · Cited by 4,855
Toward an adequate taxonomy of personality attributes: Replicated factor structure in peer nomination personality ratings.
Norman, W. T. (1963) · Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0040291 · Cited by 2,619
Communication And Persuasion
(2017) · doi:10.5040/9798400682018.ch-003 · Cited by 2,248
Communication and persuasion
Lumsdaine, A. A. (1954) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/bf02713272 · Cited by 2,237
An Integrated Approach to Communication Theory and Research
Stacks, D. W. (2014) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203887011 · Cited by 1,014
DIMENSIONS FOR EVALUATING THE ACCEPTABILITY OF MESSAGE SOURCES
Berlo, D. K., Lemert, J. B., & Mertz, R. J. (1969) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1086/267745 · Cited by 831
An Introduction to Rhetorical Communication
McCroskey, J. C. (2015) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315663791 · Cited by 746
Self-citation
Scales for the measurement of ethos
McCroskey, J. C. (1966) · Speech Monographs · doi:10.1080/03637756609375482 · Cited by 648
Self-citation
Ethos and credibility: The construct and its measurement after three decades
McCroskey, J. C., & Young, T. J. (1981) · Central States Speech Journal · doi:10.1080/10510978109368075 · Cited by 571
Self-citation

Show all 26 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

Koehn S.C., 1996, Paper presented at the annual convention of the Speech Communication Association
Walter O., 1948, The measurement of ethos.

Sorted by citations

Items 801–900 of 1,000

Deception among Organizational Leaders: Impacts on Employee Perceptions of Supervisor Credibility, Power, and Trust
Kelley, P. J. (2015) · Cited by 3
Accounting for rater credibility when evaluating construction industry service providers
Ekström, M. A. (2002) · Cited by 3
Website Evaluation Frameworks: IS oriented vs. Business Oriented Models
Keshavarz, H., & Givi, M. E. (2020) · International Conference on Web Research (ICWR) · doi:10.1109/icwr49608.2020.9122316 · Cited by 3
“Furthermore, some other dimensions like safety, qualification, and dynamism [6]. goodwill [34], agreeableness, extroversion (Norman, 1963), and professionalism [14] were mentioned in the literature.”
Background
What's in a name?: two studies examining the impact of anonymity on perceptions of source credibility and influence
Rains, S. A. (2005) · Texas ScholarWorks (Texas Digital Library) · Cited by 3
Factors Influencing the Perceived Credibility of Public Relations Message Sources
Epega, T. O. (2008) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) · Cited by 3
Student perceptions of teacher emoticon usage: the effect on teacher credibility and liking
Adams, A. (2014) · California State University ScholarWorks (system-wide DSpace) · Cited by 3
Assessing social support at the university level: The relationship between a supportive educational environment and student success/satisfaction
Joiner, A. E. (2009) · Cited by 3
Cultural and Cross-cultural Factors in Judgments of Credibility
Castillo, P. A. (2011) · Charles Sturt University Research Output (CRO) · Cited by 3
Learning and Communication
Frymier, A. B. (2012) · The International Encyclopedia of Communication · doi:10.1002/9781405186407.wbiecl015 · Cited by 3
EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF HOPE AND FEAR APPEALS ON COGNITIVE PROCESSING
Underhill, J. C. (2012) · University Libraries (University of Maryland) · Cited by 3
Bot Versus Humans: Who Can Challenge Corporate Hypocrisy on Social Media?
Armstrong, S. J., Neal, C., Tang, R., Rim, H., & Vraga, E. K. (2024) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/20563051241292578 · Cited by 3
“This measure is adapted from the study by McCroskey and Teven (1999) ( α = .88, M = 4.11, SD = .75).”
Influential
Pooshing the Boundaries of Instagram Influencers: How Mainstream vs. Micro-celebrity Influencers Impact Source Credibility, Parasocial Interaction, and Intent to Follow
Connell, E., Landreville, K. D., Schultz, C. P., & Singh, R. L. (2024) · Journal of Creative Communications · doi:10.1177/09732586241295383 · Cited by 2
“Goodwill is an individual’s perceived caring (McCroskey & Teven, 1999).”
Enhancing source credibility measurement: addressing reverse-coded item bias
Sivo, S. A., Katt, J. A., Miller, A. N., & Edwards, O. W. (2025) · Educational Research and Evaluation · doi:10.1080/13803611.2025.2504006 · Cited by 2
“This would be our suggestion to McCroskey and Teven (1999), authors of the 18-item source credibility scale.”
Machine Teachers in the Classroom: How Self-Efficacy Shapes Student Perceptions of Human-AI Collaboration in AI-Based Education
Kim, J., Kelly, S. E., & Spence, P. R. (2025) · Communication Studies · doi:10.1080/10510974.2025.2544831 · Cited by 2
“Given that credibility is a multidimensional constructor that consists of competence, caring, and trustworthiness (McCroskey & Teven, 1999), each dimension was measured.”
Who do we follow online? An experimental study on source clarity and social proximity in digital health communication
Li, J., & Shi, C. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1661328 · Cited by 2
“SCT highlights a positive pathway: Specified and expert sources can foster compliance because they heighten perceptions of credibility, including perceived expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness (3, 4, 20).”
Influential
“What? This post is sponsored?”: sponsorship awareness negatively moderates influencer credibility and parasocial relationships for longtime followers
Chen, Y., & Zhang, R. (2026) · Online Information Review · doi:10.1108/oir-07-2025-0512 · Cited by 3
Effectively communicating uncertainty: The persuasive impact of different types of hedges
Oba, D., Berger, J. A., & Boghrati, R. (2026) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcpy.70026 · Cited by 2
The Impact of Ability and Participation on Trustworthiness and Task Performance in Virtual Teams
Fuller, C. M., Twitchell, D. P., Marett, K., & Burns, A. J. (2012) · International Journal of Social and Organizational Dynamics in IT · doi:10.4018/ijsodit.2012040101 · Cited by 2
The Buffering Effect of Health Care Provider Video Biographies When Viewed in Combination With Negative Reviews: “You Can’t Fake Nice”
Perrault, E. K., & Hildenbrand, G. M. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/16635 · Cited by 2
“Expertise was measured with six 7-point, semantic differential items also adapted from the source credibility scales of McCroskey and Teven [36] and Ohanian [37].”
Method
Students as Information Responders and Creators during a University Shooting
Omilion‐Hodges, L. M., & Edwards, A. L. (2021) · Communication Studies · doi:10.1080/10510974.2021.1952465 · Cited by 2
“Credibility is primarily composed of expertise, trustworthiness, and perceived goodwill (McCroskey & Teven, 1999), though it may include other attributes (e.g., source dynamism, likability, composure).”
BackgroundMethod
Public Reactions to Immigration in the U.S.: The Effects of Intergroup Contact and Political Orientation
Yan, X., Bresnahan, M., Zhu, Y., & Hussain, S. A. (2021) · Journal of Intercultural Communication Research · doi:10.1080/17475759.2021.1982751 · Cited by 2
“Message sources have been well studied in the persuasion literature to influence message effects, and communicator trustworthiness has an important impact on how message receivers evaluate and accept messages (e.g., Fawcett et al., 2017; McCroskey & Teven, 1999).”
BackgroundMethod
“This Is a Great Nation, and We are a Good People”: President Joe Biden’s Inaugural Address and Attitude of Empathy
Salek, T. A. (2022) · Southern Communication Journal · doi:10.1080/1041794x.2022.2030788 · Cited by 2
“For example, McCroskey and Teven (1999) explain that goodwill can be understood generally as “perceived caring” or a discourse that “is seen then as a means of opening communication channels more widely” (p. 92).”
Background
Credibility, Ethics and Sustainable Marketing in Higher Education Institutions
Suleiman, J. (2021) · International Journal of Innovative Research and Development · doi:10.24940/ijird/2021/v10/i12/dec21016 · Cited by 2
What are the Drivers of Using Chatbots in Online Shopping A Cross-Country Analysis
Çelik, A. A., Hüseyinli, T., & Can, M. (2022) · Journal of Business Research - Turk · doi:10.20491/isarder.2022.1497 · Cited by 5
The robotic mentalist – On the influences of robots’ mentalizing abilities and external manipulative intent on people’s credibility attributions
Finkel, M., & Krämer, N. C. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.993302 · Cited by 3
“Participants’ perceptions of the robot’s credibility were measured explicitly using the Source Credibility Measures (McCroskey and Teven, 1999).”
Method
Physicians Disclosing Religion in Online Biographies: Patient Perceptions and Decision-Making in the United States
Perrault, E. K., & McPhail, B. L. (2023) · Journal of religion and health · doi:10.1007/s10943-023-01836-1 · Cited by 2
“Six, 7-point semantic differential items adapted from McCroskey and Teven (1999) and Ohanian (1990) asked participants to rate where they felt Dr. Miller rated along the continuum for the following pairs of words: untrustworthy/trustworthy, phony/ genuine, insincere/sincere, unreliable/reliable,…”
Method
The Effects of Safe Zone Badges in Physicians’ Online Biographies: Evidence from an Experimental Study
Perrault, E. K., McCullock, S. P., Hildenbrand, G. M., & Walter, K. J. (2023) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2023.2249625 · Cited by 2
“The extent to which participants trusted the physician they read about was measured using a scale adapted from McCroskey and Teven (1999).”
Teaching the Online Presentation: Aiming at Success
Reinsch, N. L., & Turner, J. W. (2023) · Business and Professional Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/23294906231202443 · Cited by 2
“We, therefore, drew on quantitative research and divided credibility into expertise, character, and goodwill (McCroskey & Teven, 1999).”
Background
Do information disputes work: the effect of perceived risk, news disputes and credibility on consumer attitudes and trust toward biotechnology companies
Overton, H. K., & Yang, F. (2023) · Journal of Communication Management · doi:10.1108/jcom-04-2023-0043 · Cited by 2
Investigating Social Media Influencers’ Credibility and Religiosity, and The Moderating Role of Hedonic Value on Purchase Intention of Modest Fashion Brands
Arianti, F., & Hadiprawoto, T. R. (2024) · Indonesian Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship · doi:10.17358/ijbe.10.1.168 · Cited by 2
“The results of H3 align with the research conducted by (McCroskey & Teven, 1999).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Oldies but goldies? Comparing the trustworthiness and credibility of ‘new’ and ‘old’ information intermediaries
Weidmüller, L., & Engesser, S. (2024) · Communications · doi:10.1515/commun-2023-0020 · Cited by 7
Using Sex to Get the Story: Testing Reliability and Validity of a Scale Measuring a Sexist Stereotype of Female Reporters
Waddell, T. F., Sparks, J. F., & Moss, C. E. (2024) · Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media · doi:10.1080/08838151.2024.2337878 · Cited by 2
“Six semantic differential items on a 7-point scale were adapted from prior research (McCroskey & Teven, 1999) to measure the perceived competence of female journalists.”
Method
Understanding uptake of information about innovations among emergency department clinicians during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Qureshi, N., Huilgol, S. S., Berdahl, C. T., Cohen, C. C., Mendel, P. J., & Fischer, S. H. (2024) · Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open · doi:10.1002/emp2.13243 · Cited by 2
“18,19 In general, clinicians balance their own assessments and heuristics with the credibility assessment of others when learning about and judging innovations.”
Background
The Role of Content Labeling and Discrete Emotions in User Participation in a COVID-19 U.S. Reddit Community
Pak, J., & Kim, H. S. (2024) · Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/10776990241257588 · Cited by 2
Research on the Influence and Mechanism of Influencer on Consumers’ Purchase Intention from the Perspective of Brand Identification
谢, 楚. (2024) · Modern Management · doi:10.12677/mm.2024.148227 · Cited by 2
Advancing ADAS Acceptance: Interventions and Comparative Analysis of Robotic Human Machine Interfaces
Karatas, N., Tanaka, T., Yoshihara, Y., Tanabe, H., Takeuchi, S., Yamamoto, T., Harazawa, M., & Kamiya, N. (2024) · International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (AutomotiveUI) · doi:10.1145/3641308.3685039 · Cited by 2
“Participants also filled out the Source Credibility Measures (SCM) [13], and the Godspeed questionnaire [2] (for RHMI conditions only) to control the anthropomorphism differences between RoBoHoN and RHMI-P.”
Determining antecedents and outcomes towards Philippine social enterprises: A theory of planned behavior perspective
Lloren-Alcantara, P. A., & Capistrano, E. P. S. (2024) · Asia Pacific Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.apmrv.2024.11.004 · Cited by 2
Variables influencing telemedicine utilization via telephone appointments among rural patients
García, E., Vincent, B. C., Thakur, S., Thakur, A., Zabiba, F., Agarwal, S., Cervantes, J. D., & Zabiba, A. (2025) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-024-12122-5 · Cited by 2
“Each of these latter traits, as uncovered by McCroskey and Teven [29], ultimately contributes to credibility.”
Prodused Ethos: The Co-production of Ethos and Expertise in Facebook Fan Sites for Health Experts
Kjeldsen, J. E., Just, S. N., & Mølster, R. (2025) · Rhetoric, politics and society · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-89075-8_7 · Cited by 2
Facts About Fact-Checkers: Comparing Credibility Perceptions, Usage, and Sharing of Different Fact-Checking Sources
Li, Q. L., Wang, L. H., Liu, X., & Metzger, M. J. (2025) · Journal of Media Psychology Theories Methods and Applications · doi:10.1027/1864-1105/a000484 · Cited by 2
From endorsement to action: how influencer characteristics and perceived value drive purchase intentions for sustainable beauty product
Sharma, R., Aggarwal, A., & Saxena, N. (2025) · SN Business & Economics · doi:10.1007/s43546-025-00983-9 · Cited by 2
Examining audience reactions to brand journalism
Cole, J. T. (2012) · W. S. Hoole Special Collections Library Manuscript Collections · Cited by 2
Understanding the effect of conflicting information on medication adherence for vasculitis patients
Carpenter, D. M. (2019) · Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) · doi:10.17615/yth1-rv24 · Cited by 2
Same result, different effect The credibility attribution to public opinion research results Gleiches Ergebnis, andere Wirkung Die Glaubwürdigkeit von Ergebnissen der Markt- und Meinungsforschung
Denner, N., Brocke, J., & Joeckel, S. (2016) · Studies in Communication and Media · doi:10.5771/2192-4007-2016-2-173 · Cited by 1
“Know thyself”: some personal reflections in teaching a subject on leadership and intrapersonal development
Wu, F. K. Y. (2016) · International Journal on Disability and Human Development · doi:10.1515/ijdhd-2016-0711 · Cited by 2
“However, students’ assurance of my care to every student, or as McCroskey and Teven [11] suggested the “perceived caring”, is seen as goodwill that opened the communication channel more widely in the classroom.”
Background
The Influence of Being "Out" on Perceptions of Managerial Credibility and Positive Affect
Boren, J. P., & McPherson, M. B. (2009) · Scholar Commons (Santa Clara University) · Cited by 2
The Effects of Advertising Model Sources: The number of sources and model's Race on social inference
KimJaeHwi, 강윤희, & 부수현 (2008) · The Korean Journal of Consumer and Advertising Psychology · doi:10.21074/kjlcap.2008.9.3.333 · Cited by 2
Telepresence Group Leaders Receive Higher Ratings of Social Attractiveness and Leadership Quality
Beattie, A. J., Edwards, C. C., & Williams, M. J. (2018) · ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) · doi:10.1145/3173386.3176952 · Cited by 2
“Credibility was measured using an 18-item scale [8].”
Method
PROPAGANDA HAK ANGKET DPR TERHADAP KPK (Analisis Propaganda dan Komunikasi Politik)
Kusuma, Y. P. (2017) · LONTAR Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi · doi:10.30656/lontar.v5i1.486 · Cited by 2
The Effect of Message Emotion and Logic on Nutritional Attitude Change as Measured by Argumentation Style in an Online Nutrition Class
Bansah, A. K., Moore, D. R., & Holben, D. H. (2018) · Topics in Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1097/tin.0000000000000152 · Cited by 2
The Effect of Teachers’ Communication on Classroom Justice
Cho, Y. (2018) · Journal of Communication Research · doi:10.22174/jcr.2018.55.3.211 · Cited by 2
Social Presence in Computer-Based Receptionists: Experimental Study Towards Organizational Automation
Ishii, K., Spence, P. R., & Hodges, W. R. (2021) · Communication Reports · doi:10.1080/08934215.2021.1918199 · Cited by 2
“This variable was assessed by the trustworthiness dimension of the Source Cred-ibility Scale (McCroskey & Teven, 1999).”
Method
Predicting Success of a Persuasion through Joint Modeling of Utterance Categorization
Sinha, M., & Dasgupta, T. (2021) · ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM) · doi:10.1145/3459637.3482160 · Cited by 2
“A lot of studies have been done towards identifying such conversational strategies for a successful persuasive conversation [1, 18, 26].”
Background
A study of the relationship between online movie reviews and the intention to watch the movie
Shieh, H.-S., & Lin, S. (2022) · Journal of Economics and Management · doi:10.22367/jem.2022.44.14 · Cited by 4
“…extent of trust and belief in the source to others (Ganesan & Hess, 1997) and includes two dimensions: the knowledge of the source and the reliability of the source (Flanagin & Metzger, 2003; 2007; McCroskey & Teven, 1999; Metzger et al., 2003a, 2003b; Metzger & Flanagin, 2013; Pornpitakpan, 2004).”
Background
Exploring Bias in Evaluation of Job Seeker Introductory Emails
Kelly, S. E., Gaytan, J. A., Morgan, S. D., Cundall, M. K., & Foresman, G. (2023) · Business and Professional Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/23294906231154853 · Cited by 2
“Trustworthiness is simply the degree to which a message receiver perceives that they can believe the source (McCroskey & Teven, 1999).”
BackgroundInfluential
An Analysis and Comparison of the Instructor-Student Relationship Using Relational Framing Theory
Frisby, B. N., Vallade, J. I., Huber, C. J., Tristan, A., & Murphy, A. A. (2023) · Western Journal of Communication · doi:10.1080/10570314.2023.2183364 · Cited by 3
“The dimension of trust has also been an important part of instructor credibility (McCroskey et al., 1999).”
Background
Challenging Politicians on Race in Interviews: Social Dominance Orientation, Perceived Journalistic Credibility, Bias, and Appropriateness
Len-Ríos, M. E., Neumann, R., & Kim, S. (2023) · Journalism Practice · doi:10.1080/17512786.2023.2242826 · Cited by 2
“An aggregate measure was created adapted from a previous scale (McCroskey and Teven 1999).”
Method
Is Coming Out in the Community College Classroom an “Occupational Hazard?”
Sundblad, M. B., & Dansereau, D. R. (2023) · Community College Review · doi:10.1177/00915521231201166 · Cited by 2
“Immediately after the lecture, participants completed McCroskey and Teven’s (1999) Source Credibility Measure (SCM) (Appendix B), which includes 6 items for each of the three dimensions (character, competence, and caring), for a total of 18 items.”
MethodInfluential
Preliminary Findings on Developing a Scale for Credibility Assessment on Interactive Web Platforms
Choi, W., & Zhu, L. (2023) · Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/pra2.901 · Cited by 2
“To analyze each included article, we developed an initial coding scheme by mapping the indicators (items) used in validated scales (Gaziano & McGrath, 1986; McCroskey & Teven, 1999; Meyer, 1988) based on semantic similarity (Figure 1).”
Method
An examination of university students’ perceptions of physicians’ humor usage, source credibility, and fear of physician
Ramsey, M. C. (2023) · Communication Research Reports · doi:10.1080/08824096.2023.2292671 · Cited by 2
“Research examining the relationship between humor and source credibility, an audience’s image of a communicator’s competence, trustworthiness, and good-will (see McCroskey & Teven, 1999), has been inconclusive.”
Background
Is Science for the Rich and Powerful? Investigating the Relation Between Income and Trust in Science Across 145 Countries
Fuglsang, S. (2024) · International Journal of Public Opinion Research · doi:10.1093/ijpor/edad045 · Cited by 2
Dynamic source credibility and its impacts on knowledge revision
Johnson, V. A., Butterfuss, R., & Kendeou, P. (2024) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-024-01562-3 · Cited by 2
“However, other researchers (e.g., Housholder & LaMarre, 2014; Lin et al., 2016; McCroskey & Teven, 1999) add on a third dimension, goodwill – namely the degree to which an audience perceives that a source cares about their well-being and has their best interests at heart.”
The "Drinking-Buddy" Scale and Perceptions of Assertiveness,Responsiveness and Authenticity
Powell, L., & Hickson, M. (2014) · Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs · doi:10.4172/2332-0761.1000134 · Cited by 2
"Can you hear me now?" Experimental research on the efficacy of pre-crisis messages in a severe weather context
Herzberger, J. D. (2014) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network) · Cited by 2
The Politics of the Pill
VanSickle-Ward, R., & Wallsten, K. J. (2019) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190675349.001.0001 · Cited by 9
Effects of reputation and aesthetics on the credibility of search engine results
Christiansen, B. C. (2013) · RIT Scholar Works (Rochester Institute of Technology) · Cited by 2
Perceived Cultural Proximity and Perceived News Source Credibility in Puerto Rico
Espina, C. (2013) · Syracuse University Libraries (Syracuse University) · Cited by 2
Multi-Modal Outcomes from Interpersonal Need (Un)Fulfillment: The Emotional, Cognitive and Behavioral Derivatives of Consecutive Social Contingencies
Hull, K. S. (2015) · OpenCommons at University of Connecticut (University of Connecticut) · Cited by 2
Tweets Win Votes: A Persuasive Communication Perspective on Donald Trump’s Twitter Use During the 2016 US Presidential Election Campaign
Bai, Y. L. (2017) · Uppsala University Publications (Uppsala University) · Cited by 2
The Effects of Instructors Discussing Alcohol In The Classroom on Student Perceptions of Their Instructor
Brophy, N. S. (2018) · doi:10.30707/etd2018.brophy.n · Cited by 2
The Effects of Instructor Self-Disclosure on Students’ Cognitive Learning: A Live Lecture Experiment
Kromka, S. M. (2020) · doi:10.33915/etd.7642 · Cited by 2
Watch your mouth: Swearing and credibility in the classroom
Mullins, E. (2020) · Holmes Museum Of Anthropology (Wichita State University) · Cited by 2
Source Credibility
Spates, S. A. (2022) · The International Encyclopedia of Health Communication · doi:10.1002/9781119678816.iehc0766 · Cited by 2
Harnessing the Power of Communication and Behavior Science to Enhance Society’s Response to Climate Change: A White Paper For CommentPreprint
Maibach, E. W., Uppalapati, S. S., Orr, M., & Thaker, J. J. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4201560 · Cited by 2
Factorial Structure of Web Credibility in a Population of Italian Internet Users: A Pilot Study
Lombardo, G., Caci, B., & Cardaci, M. (2009) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.104.2.660-666 · Cited by 1
An Investigation of the Effects of Allegation Sources and Consequences on Corporate Directors' Responses to Whistleblowing Allegations
Norman, C. S., Rose, A. M., Rose, J. M., Suh, I., & Xiao, X. (2021) · Journal of Information Systems · doi:10.2308/isys-2020-049 · Cited by 1
Approaching the public relations profession with ease and ethical expertise: A class project to encourage, equip, and empower students entering the internship market
Clementson, D. E. (2022) · Communication Teacher · doi:10.1080/17404622.2022.2072922 · Cited by 1
“Goodwill is a seminal component of credibility for effective communication (McCroskey & Teven, 1999).”
Background
Society Frowns Upon Spinning and So Do the Alleged Spin Doctors: Tests of Present and Future Crisis Communicators Responding to Spin in the Media
Clementson, D. E., & Beatty, M. J. (2022) · Mass Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/15205436.2022.2124920 · Cited by 1
“A person who is seen as having goodwill embodies a series of elements, according to McCroskey and Teven (1999): understanding people’s feelings, ideas, and needs; empathizing and identifying with people’s feelings; accepting and validating their views; and being responsive and attentive.”
Influential
The effects of using machine translation on perceptions of source credibility
Lehecka, T. (2023) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.336.08leh · Cited by 1
The Student Veteran Instructional Communication Training (SVIC): An Analysis of Student Veteran Instructional Needs and Corresponding Instructional Behaviors
Kauer, T., & Houser, M. L. (2023) · Journal of Communication Pedagogy · doi:10.31446/jcp.2023.1.08 · Cited by 1
A cross-sectional study of perceptions of COVID-19 and adherence to preventive measures among Saudi college students using the health belief model
Alsulaiman, S. A. (2023) · Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies · doi:10.30935/ojcmt/13783 · Cited by 1
Fighting a Global Pandemic in the Digital Age: Use of Infographics to ‘Flatten the Curve’ in the U.S. and India
Diwanji, V. S., Cortese, J., & Merle, P. F. (2023) · International Journal of Strategic Communication · doi:10.1080/1553118x.2023.2231409 · Cited by 1
Association of COVID-19 information media, providers, and content with vaccine uptake among Tokyo residents
Noguchi, N., Yokoi, R., Masu, T., Watanabe, M., Itoh, S., & Yumoto, S. (2023) · Vaccine X · doi:10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100411 · Cited by 1
“Furthermore, it may be worth analyzing these survey data using a scale of source credibility or goodwill, as reported by McCroskey and Teven [42].”
Method
How political consultants can leverage partisan media combativeness in the U.S.
Clementson, D. E., & Zhao, W. (2024) · Journal of Applied Communication Research · doi:10.1080/00909882.2024.2415563 · Cited by 1
“Perceived trustworthiness of the politician was measured with McCroskey and Teven ’ s (1999) scale (Cronbach ’ s α = .897, M = 4.38, SD = 1.07, Skewness = 0.21, Kurtosis = − 0.28).”
Influential
Enhancing Speaker Credibility: Looking to Critical Literacy’s “Power” Through Strategic Presentation Skills
Tan, D. (2024) · Business and Professional Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/23294906241298927 · Cited by 1
“In their investigation of Aristotle’s dimension of goodwill , McCroskey and Teven (1999) confirmed that goodwill is very much a part of a speaker’s credibility.”
Influential
Factors Influencing Human Trust Towards Robots: A Scoping Review
Vindolet, C., Djamal, A., Guadarrama-Olvera, J. R., & Cheng, G. (2025) · Springer proceedings in advanced robotics · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-81688-8_16 · Cited by 1
The Customization of News
Johnson, K. A., & John, B. S. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-75364-0_5 · Cited by 1
Shorter and Simpler: Customizing Generative AI Responses Can Increase Satisfaction, Credibility, and Fact-Checking Intentions
Lee, H. M., Hua, P., Alayoubi, R., & Sundar, S. S. (2025) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3706599.3719749 · Cited by 1
“[19] ( M = 4.93, SD = 0.75, cron-bach’s alpha = .79).”
Influential
Addressing concerns of vaccine-hesitant parents: Prefacing medical advice with a refutational two-sided message
Prettner, R., Molder, H. T., & Robinson, J. D. (2025) · SSM - Qualitative Research in Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmqr.2025.100576 · Cited by 1
Examining the success factors of influencer marketing campaigns in the food and beverage industry: an empirical study
Alotaibi, I. S. (2025) · Management & Sustainability An Arab Review · doi:10.1108/msar-12-2024-0223 · Cited by 3
Culturally responsive approaches to cultivate care and innovation among emerging public health leaders for ethical community engagement: perspectives informed through lived experience
Hernandez, M. S., & Murcia, R. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1602187 · Cited by 1
Peer and Supervisor Influence on School Mental Health Providers’ Attitudes Toward Evidence-Based Practice
Godovich, S. A., Goeke‐Morey, M. C., Barrueco, S., Guajardo, K. B., & Rich, B. A. (2025) · Child & Youth Care Forum · doi:10.1007/s10566-025-09882-4 · Cited by 1
Contagious Smiles on Screen. The Role of Emotional Alignment of TV Presenters
Rodero, E. (2025) · Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media · doi:10.1080/08838151.2025.2544559 · Cited by 1
“Credibility was analyzed using the McCroskey and Teven credibility scale (McCroskey & Teven, 1999) with three variables: competence, trustworthiness, and goodwill.”
Perceptions of female soccer announcers – is the gender gap closing?
Olgemöller, M., & Schupfner, T. (2025) · European Journal for Sport and Society · doi:10.1080/16138171.2025.2556503 · Cited by 1
“Scale items were thoroughly validated using an internal consistency check, with Cronbach’s alpha revealing a solid score of α = .85 for announcer competence (McCroskey & Teven, 1999).”
Credibility and/or anxiety - The moderators of political information on migration
Morgenstern, S. (2025) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103256 · Cited by 2
Beauty and the Bot: Perceptions of Human and AI Fitness Influencers on Instagram
Edwards, C. C., Edwards, A. P., Rijhwani, V., Mostafa, H. K., Ebo, D., & Doku, D. (2025) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2025.2558025 · Cited by 5
“The Measure of Source Credibility (McCroskey & Teven, 1999) was modified to be an 18-item measure designed to evaluate perceptions of credibility across the three dimensions: competence (6 items; e.g., “intelligent/unintelligent”), character (6 items; e.g., “trustworthy/untrustworthy”), and caring…”
Influential
Short-Form Video Content in African Digital Marketing
Anning‐Dorson, T. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-97210-2_6 · Cited by 1
Examining Student Perceptions of AI-Driven Learning: User Experience and Instructor Credibility in Higher Education
Colclasure, B. C., Ruth, T. K., Beasley, V., & Granberry, T. (2025) · Trends in Higher Education · doi:10.3390/higheredu4040059 · Cited by 1
“Students’ perceptions of instructors were measured through three sub-constructs (competence, goodwill, and trustworthiness), which are measures of credibility [49].”
Influential
Familiarity Matters: Examining the Effects of AI-Generated Images on Science Information Credibility
Eom, D., Middleton, L. A., Luo, S., Li, N., & Brossard, D. (2025) · Science Communication · doi:10.1177/10755470251380116 · Cited by 1
Let’s tok politics: Partisan expectations of political news on TikTok
Sparks, J. F., & Hutchens, M. J. (2025) · Atlantic Journal of Communication · doi:10.1080/15456870.2025.2590451 · Cited by 1

Authors: McCroskey, J. C., & Teven, J. J.
Affiliations: West Virginia University (US)
Northwest Missouri State University (US)
Venue: Communication Monographs
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 1999-03
Volume: 66
Issue: 1
Pages: 90-103
ISSN: 0363-7751 (ISSN-L)
1479-5787
DOI: 10.1080/03637759909376464
OpenAlex: W1992262987
Cited by: 1,236
References: 26
Citations by year: 2026: 100 · 2025: 99 · 2024: 80 · 2023: 86 · 2022: 96 · 2021: 99 · 2020: 84 · 2019: 90 · 2018: 65 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 63 · 2015: 56 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 24
FWCI: 36.19
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Communication Monographs (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Communication › Rhetoric and Communication Studies
Social Sciences › Linguistics and Language › Linguistics and Discourse Analysis
Social Sciences › Communication › Interpersonal and Organizational Communication
Keywords: goodwill, ethos, source credibility

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Goodwill: A reexamination of the construct and its measurement

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks