Cited by 1,236Rhetoric and Communication StudiesLinguistics and Discourse AnalysisInterpersonal and Organizational Communication

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Goodwill: A reexamination of the construct and its measurement

McCroskey, James C., Teven, Jason J.·1999·Communication Monographs

DOI 10.1080/03637759909376464

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Abstract

As a result of the controversy over the dimensionality of the ethos/source credibility construct and the associated plethora of empirical studies in the 1960s and 1970s, Aristotle's dimension of “goodwill” has been dismissed by many contemporary theorists and researchers. It is argued that this occurred as a result of errors made in the earlier empirical research and that “goodwill” can be measured, contrary to earlier claims, and should be restored to its former status in rhetorical communication theory. Empirical research is reported indicating the existence of the goodwill dimension as part of the structure of the ethos/source credibility construct and a measure of that dimension is provided with evidence for its reliability and validity.

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“The validity and reliability of the ethos/credibility measure is well-documented, with previous alpha coefficients ranging from .84 to .92 for all three dimensions (McCroskey & Teven, 1999; Schrodt, 2003; Schrodt et al., 2006; Teven & McCroskey, 1997).”
Background
Not Funny? The Effects of Factual Versus Sarcastic Journalistic Responses to Uncivil User Comments
Ziegele, M., & Jost, P. (2020) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/0093650216671854 · Cited by 82
“Based on previous research on news credibility, journalistic quality, and media brand personality (Kim, Baek, & Martin, 2010; McCroskey & Teven, 1999; Thorson et al., 2010; Urban & Schweiger, 2014), we constructed two scales to measure participants’ evaluations of the credibility of the compact…”
Method
“Celebrity 2.0 and beyond!” Effects of Facebook profile sources on social networking advertising
Jin, S. A. (2017) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.10.033 · Cited by 93
“Manipulation Stimuli and Experimental Procedure Based on Miller and Allen’s (2012) pretests on female celebrities, Paris Hilton was selected as the target celebrity.”
Method
Effect of Diabetes Online Community Engagement on Health Indicators: Cross-Sectional Study
Litchman, M. L., Edelman, L. S., & Donaldson, G. W. (2018) · JMIR Diabetes · doi:10.2196/diabetes.8603 · Cited by 94
“Moreover, 5 validated instruments were used and included the SF-12v2 [46,48], an adapted version of the Facebook intensity scale [49], an adapted version of the internet social capital scale [50], Self-Care Inventory-Revised (SCI-R) [47], and the source credibility scale [51].”
Method
Where the Gates Matter Less: Ethnicity and Perceived Source Credibility in Social Media Health Messages
Spence, P. R., Lachlan, K. A., Westerman, D., & Spates, S. A. (2013) · Howard Journal of Communications · doi:10.1080/10646175.2013.748593 · Cited by 89
Effects of Home Voice Assistants’ Autonomy on Instrusiveness and Usefulness: Direct, Indirect, and Moderating Effects of Interactivity
Lucia‐Palacios, L., & Pérez‐López, R. (2021) · Journal of Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1016/j.intmar.2021.03.005 · Cited by 89
When a Chatbot Disappoints You: Expectancy Violation in Human-Chatbot Interaction in a Social Support Context
Rheu, M., Dai, Y. H., Meng, J., & Peng, W. (2024) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/00936502231221669 · Cited by 91
“Thirteen items from previous studies (Burgoon et al., 1998; Liu & Sundar, 2018; McCroskey & Teven, 1999) were selected to measure participants’ perception of the chatbot’s ability and proficiency in providing supportive communication on a 1 to 7 semantic differential scale (e.g., very inexpert to…”
Influential
Expert witness confidence and juror personality: their impact on credibility and persuasion in the courtroom.
Cramer, R. J., Brodsky, S. L., & DeCoster, J. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 87
Contributing Factors to the Use of Health-Related Websites
Hong, T. J. (2006) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730500526679 · Cited by 86
“‘‘Goodwill’’ is also an important credibility dimension because it originally was included in Aristotle’s conception of the speaker’s ‘‘ethos,’’ as well as in initial studies on source credibility (McCroskey & Teven, 1999).”
BackgroundMethod
Machine Authorship In Situ
Liu, B., & Wei, L. (2018) · Digital Journalism · doi:10.1080/21670811.2018.1510740 · Cited by 94
The Predictability of Turkman Students’ Academic Engagement through Persian Language Teachers’ Nonverbal Immediacy and Credibility
Derakhshan, A. (2021) · Cited by 85
Measuring Credibility Perceptions in CSR Communication: A Scale Development to Test Readers’ Perceived Credibility of CSR Reports
Lock, I., & Seele, P. (2017) · Management Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0893318917707592 · Cited by 84
“In addition, validated scales were included in this study to describe the nomological net: trust (Kim, 2001), trustworthiness (McCroskey & Teven, 1999), corporate distrust (Adams, Highhouse, & Zickar, 2010), corporate credibility (Newell & Goldsmith, 2001), and intention to purchase (Yin, 1990).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Perceptions of Swearing in the Work Setting: An Expectancy Violations Theory Perspective
Johnson, D. I., & Lewis, N. (2010) · Communication Reports · doi:10.1080/08934215.2010.511401 · Cited by 84
“Although these items have not been used previously as a single scale, these are modifications of items (Cai & Wilson, 2000; McCroskey & Teven, 1999) that were deemed by the authors as most relevant to the conceptualization of speaker competence here.”
Method
On the Conditional Cueing of Credibility Heuristics
Heide, B. L. V. D., & Lim, Y.-S. (2015) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/0093650214565915 · Cited by 94
Telling stories about breastfeeding through Facebook: The impact of user-generated content (UGC) on pro-breastfeeding attitudes
Jin, S. A., Phua, J., & Lee, K. M. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.12.046 · Cited by 83
When is Disinformation (In)Credible? Experimental Findings on Message Characteristics and Individual Differences
Schaewitz, L., Kluck, J. P., Klösters, L., & Krämer, N. C. (2020) · Mass Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/15205436.2020.1716983 · Cited by 97
“News source credibility was measured by the dimensions of competence (e.g., 1 = intelligent – 7 = unintelligent; inverted; α = .90) and trustworthiness (e.g., 1 = honest – 7 = dishonest; inverted; α = .92) on 12 adjectives (McCroskey & Teven, 1999).”
Method
Online Reviews, Helpfulness Ratings, and Consumer Attitudes: An Extension of Congruity Theory to Multiple Sources in Web 2.0
Walther, J. B., Liang, Y. J., Ganster, T., Wohn, D. Y., & Emington, J. (2012) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2012.01595.x · Cited by 83
“A modiﬁed version of the source credibility scale (McCroskey & Teven, 1999) assessed participants’ ﬁnal attitude about the sources’ trustworthiness using four 7-interval items ( honest/dishonest, trustworthy/untrustworthy, moral/immoral, ethical/unethical ).”
Correcting Misperceptions About Genetically Modified Food on Social Media: Examining the Impact of Experts, Social Media Heuristics, and the Gateway Belief Model
Bode, L., Vraga, E. K., & Tully, M. (2020) · Science Communication · doi:10.1177/1075547020981375 · Cited by 86
“…trustworthy, extremely expert/not at all expert, extremely sincere/not at all sincere, concerned about society/not concerned about society, and extremely knowledgeable/not at all knowledgeable, each measured on 5-point scales (adapted from McCroskey & Teven, 1999; see also, Westerman et al., 2014).”
Background
R U Able to Meat Me: The Impact of Students’ Overly Casual Email Messages to Instructors
Stephens, K. K., Houser, M. L., & Cowan, R. L. (2009) · Communication Education · doi:10.1080/03634520802582598 · Cited by 81
Hyperlink–affiliation network structure of top web sites: Examining affiliates with hyperlink in Korea
Park, H. W., Barnett, G. A., & Nam, I. (2002) · Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/asi.10072 · Cited by 81
Searching for questions, original thoughts, or advancing theory: Human-machine communication
Spence, P. R. (2018) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.09.014 · Cited by 80
Trust: Recent concepts and evaluations in human-robot interaction
Law, T., & Scheutz, M. J. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819472-0.00002-2 · Cited by 83
The Effects of Agency Assignment and Reference Point on Responses to COVID-19 Messages
Ma, H., & Miller, C. H. (2020) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2020.1848066 · Cited by 85

Authors: McCroskey, J. C., & Teven, J. J.
Affiliations: West Virginia University (US)
Northwest Missouri State University (US)
Venue: Communication Monographs
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 1999-03
Volume: 66
Issue: 1
Pages: 90-103
ISSN: 0363-7751 (ISSN-L)
1479-5787
DOI: 10.1080/03637759909376464
OpenAlex: W1992262987
Cited by: 1,236
References: 26
Citations by year: 2026: 100 · 2025: 99 · 2024: 80 · 2023: 86 · 2022: 96 · 2021: 99 · 2020: 84 · 2019: 90 · 2018: 65 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 63 · 2015: 56 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 24
FWCI: 36.19
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Communication Monographs (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Communication › Rhetoric and Communication Studies
Social Sciences › Linguistics and Language › Linguistics and Discourse Analysis
Social Sciences › Communication › Interpersonal and Organizational Communication
Keywords: goodwill, ethos, source credibility

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Goodwill: A reexamination of the construct and its measurement

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