The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Whey Protein Supplementation During Resistance Training Augments Lean Body Mass
Abstract
UNLABELLED: Compared to soy, whey protein is higher in leucine, absorbed quicker and results in a more pronounced increase in muscle protein synthesis. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether supplementation with whey promotes greater increases in muscle mass compared to soy or carbohydrate, we randomized non-resistance-trained men and women into groups who consumed daily isocaloric supplements containing carbohydrate (carb; n = 22), whey protein (whey; n = 19), or soy protein (soy; n = 22). METHODS: All subjects completed a supervised, whole-body periodized resistance training program consisting of 96 workouts (~9 months). Body composition was determined at baseline and after 3, 6, and 9 months. Plasma amino acid responses to resistance exercise followed by supplement ingestion were determined at baseline and 9 months. RESULTS: Daily protein intake (including the supplement) for carb, whey, and soy was 1.1, 1.4, and 1.4 g·kg body mass⁻¹, respectively. Lean body mass gains were significantly (p < 0.05) greater in whey (3.3 ± 1.5 kg) than carb (2.3 ± 1.7 kg) and soy (1.8 ± 1.6 kg). Fat mass decreased slightly but there were no differences between groups. Fasting concentrations of leucine were significantly elevated (20%) and postexercise plasma leucine increased more than 2-fold in whey. Fasting leucine concentrations were positively correlated with lean body mass responses. CONCLUSIONS: Despite consuming similar calories and protein during resistance training, daily supplementation with whey was more effective than soy protein or isocaloric carbohydrate control treatment conditions in promoting gains in lean body mass. These results highlight the importance of protein quality as an important determinant of lean body mass responses to resistance training.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Such studies have produced equivocal results, with some [105,106] observing greater training-induced increases in lean mass when supplementing with animal proteins (whey or milk) compared with nonanimal alternatives (soy), whereas others [[107], [108], [109], [110]] have found no differences when whey has been compared with rice, pea, soy, or a pea/yeast protein blend.”
From Nutritional Considerations for the Vegan Athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [106]
In the citing paper
“Some resistance training studies (12–36 weeks) in young adults have reported that fluid milk or whey protein is superior to soy milk or soy protein for muscle mass and strength [118,119].”
From Plant Proteins: Assessing Their Nutritional Quality and Effects on Health and Physical Function (2020) · cites this paper as [119]
In the citing paper
“Whey protein is quite effective for promoting increases in both short-term measures of MPS and resistance-training induced gains in lean body mass and strength and, largely due to its high leucine content, can lead to these improvements in lower doses (<30 g/day) [119] than might be achieved with plant proteins.”
From Plant Proteins: Assessing Their Nutritional Quality and Effects on Health and Physical Function (2020) · cites this paper as [119]
Citations
Cites
Slow and fast dietary proteins differently modulate postprandial protein accretion
Boirie, Y., Dangin, M., Gachon, P., Vasson, M.-P., Maubois, J.-L., & Beaufrère, B. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.26.14930 · Cited by 1,453
Tang, J. E., Moore, D. R., Kujbida, G. W., Tarnopolsky, M. A., & Phillips, S. M. (2009) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00076.2009 · Cited by 998
Moore, D. R., Robinson, M. J., Fry, J. L., Tang, J. E., Glover, E. I., Wilkinson, S. B., Prior, T., Tarnopolsky, M. A., & Phillips, S. M. (2009) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.26401 · Cited by 973
Cermak, N. M., Res, P. T., de Groot, L. C., Saris, W. H., & van Loon, L. J. (2012) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.037556 · Cited by 827
Biolo, G., Maggi, S. P., Williams, B. D., Tipton, K. D., & Wolfe, R. R. (1995) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1995.268.3.e514 · Cited by 713 · cited 1×
“Compared to the fasting state, a bout of resistance exercise has a positive impact on muscle protein synthesis, but in the absence of dietary protein intake, net protein balance remains negative [2], even if carbohydrate is ingested [3].”
BackgroundThe digestion rate of protein is an independent regulating factor of postprandial protein retention
Dangin, M., Boirie, Y., Garcia-Rodenas, C., Gachon, P., Fauquant, J., Callier, P., Ballèvre, O., & Beaufrère, B. (2001) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.2001.280.2.e340 · Cited by 572
Tipton, K. D., Rasmussen, B. B., Miller, S. L., Wolf, S. E., Owens-Stovall, S. K., Petrini, B. E., & Wolfe, R. R. (2001) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.2001.281.2.e197 · Cited by 526
Rasmussen, B. B., Tipton, K. D., Miller, S. L., Wolf, S. E., & Wolfe, R. R. (2000) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.2000.88.2.386 · Cited by 523
Anthony, J. C., Anthony, T. G., Kimball, S. R., & Jefferson, L. S. (2001) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/131.3.856s · Cited by 434
Rieu, I., Balage, M., Sornet, C., Giraudet, C., Pujos, E., Grizard, J., Mosoni, L., & Dardevet, D. (2006) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2006.110742 · Cited by 410
Branched-Chain Amino Acids Activate Key Enzymes in Protein Synthesis after Physical Exercise
Blomstrand, E., Eliasson, J., Karlsson, H. K., & Köhnke, R. (2006) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/136.1.269s · Cited by 395
Ingestion of Casein and Whey Proteins Result in Muscle Anabolism after Resistance Exercise
Tipton, K. D., Elliott, T. A., Cree‐Green, M., Wolf, S. E., Sanford, A. P., & Wolfe, R. R. (2004) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000147582.99810.c5 · Cited by 353
Stimulation of net muscle protein synthesis by whey protein ingestion before and after exercise
Tipton, K. D., Elliott, T. A., Cree, M. G., Aarsland, A. A., Sanford, A. P., & Wolfe, R. R. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00166.2006 · Cited by 307
Karlsson, H. K. R., Nilsson, P.-A., Nilsson, J., Chibalin, A. V., Zierath, J. R., & Blomstrand, E. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00430.2003 · Cited by 282
Piraud, M., Vianey‐Saban, C., Pétritis, K., Elfakir, C., Steghens, J., Morla, A., & Bouchu, D. (2003) · Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1002/rcm.1054 · Cited by 268
Børsheim, E., Cree‐Green, M., Tipton, K. D., Elliott, T. A., Aarsland, A. A., & Wolfe, R. R. (2004) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00333.2003 · Cited by 237
Willoughby, D. S., Stout, J. R., & Wilborn, C. D. (2007) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-006-0398-7 · Cited by 227
Burke, D. G., Chilibeck, P. D., Davison, K. S., Candow, D. C., Farthing, J., & Smith-Palmer, T. (2001) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.11.3.349 · Cited by 193
Effect of Whey and Soy Protein Supplementation Combined with Resistance Training in Young Adults
Candow, D. G., Burke, N. C., Smith-Palmer, T., & Burke, D. G. (2006) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.16.3.233 · Cited by 180
Cribb, P. J., Williams, A. D., Carey, M. F., & Hayes, A. (2006) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.16.5.494 · Cited by 177 · cited 1×
“In comparison to casein, ingestion of whey protein during resistance training has been shown to promote greater increases in lean body mass and reductions in body fat [18].”
BackgroundPiraud, M., Vianey‐Saban, C., Pétritis, K., Elfakir, C., Steghens, J., & Bouchu, D. (2005) · Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1002/rcm.1957 · Cited by 174
Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation Before Squat Exercise and Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness
Shimomura, Y., Inaguma, A., Watanabe, S., Yamamoto, Y., Muramatsu, Y., Bajotto, G., Sato, J., Shimomura, N., Kobayashi, H., & Mawatari, K. (2010) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.20.3.236 · Cited by 166
Promoting training adaptations through nutritional interventions
Hawley, J. A., Tipton, K. D., & Millard-Stafford, M. L. (2006) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410500482727 · Cited by 157
KERKSICK, C. M., RASMUSSEN, C. J., LANCASTER, S. L., MAGU, B., SMITH, P., MELTON, C., GREENWOOD, M., ALMADA, A. L., EARNEST, C. P., & KREIDER, R. B. (2006) · Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/00124278-200608000-00028 · Cited by 156
MacLean, D. A., Graham, T. E., & Saltin, B. (1994) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1994.267.6.e1010 · Cited by 135
Piraud, M., Vianey‐Saban, C., Bourdin, C., Acquaviva, C., Boyer, S., Elfakir, C., & Bouchu, D. (2005) · Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1002/rcm.2197 · Cited by 86
Moore, D. R., Areta, J., Coffey, V. G., Stellingwerff, T., Phillips, S. M., Burke, L. M., Cléroux, M., Godin, J.-P., & Hawley, J. A. (2012) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/1743-7075-9-91 · Cited by 85
Anthony, T. G., McDaniel, B. J., Knoll, P., Bunpo, P., Paul, G. L., & McNurlan, M. A. (2007) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/137.2.357 · Cited by 72
Kirk, E. P., Washburn, R. A., Bailey, B. W., LeCheminant, J. D., & Donnelly, J. E. (2007) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/00124278-200702000-00027 · Cited by 30
A simple assay for measurement of urinary p-aminobenzoic acid in the oral pancreatic function test
Yamato, C., & KINOSHITA, K. (1979) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0003-2697(79)90699-7 · Cited by 27
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Biolo G, 1995, Am J Physiol, 268, E514
- MacLean DA, 1994, Am J Physiol, 267, E1010
- Kerksick CM, 2006, J Strength Cond Res, 20, 643
- Kraemer WJ, 2007, Human Kinetics
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Protein content and amino acid composition of commercially available plant-based protein isolates
Gorissen, S. H. M., Crombag, J. J. R., Senden, J. M. G., Waterval, W. A. H., Bierau, J., Verdijk, L. B., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2018) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-018-2640-5 · Cited by 1,169
Morton, R. W., Murphy, K. T., McKellar, S. R., Schoenfeld, B. J., Henselmans, M., Helms, E., Aragon, A. A., Devries, M. C., Banfield, L., Krieger, J. W., et al. (2018) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-097608 · Cited by 1,269
Dietary protein intake and human health
Wu, G. (2016) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c5fo01530h · Cited by 748
The Skeletal Muscle Anabolic Response to Plant- versus Animal-Based Protein Consumption
van Vliet, S., Burd, N. A., & van Loon, L. J. (2015) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.114.204305 · Cited by 651
Plant Proteins: Assessing Their Nutritional Quality and Effects on Health and Physical Function
Hertzler, S. R., Lieblein-Boff, J. C., Weiler, M., & Allgeier, C. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12123704 · Cited by 594
Metadata
- Authors
- Volek, J. S., Volk, B. M., Gómez, A. L., Kunces, L. J., Kupchak, B. R., Freidenreich, D. J., Aristizabal, J. C., Saenz, C., Dunn-Lewis, C., Ballard, K. D., Quann, E. E., Kawiecki, D. L., Flanagan, S. D., Comstock, B. A., Fragala, M. S., Earp, J. E., Fernandez, M. L., Bruno, R. S., Ptolemy, A. S., Kellogg, M. D., Maresh, C. M., & Kraemer, W. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Connecticut (US)
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Volek, Jeff S.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2013-04
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 122-135
- ISSN
- 0731-5724 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-1087
- OpenAlex
- W2014587895
- Cited by
- 181
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 8.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Keywords
- whey protein supplementation, soy protein, resistance training, lean body mass, muscle protein synthesis, leucine, protein quality, body composition, plasma amino acids, carbohydrate supplementation, fat mass
- MeSH terms
- Whey Proteins, Adult, Amino Acids, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Proteins, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Leucine, Male, Milk Proteins, Muscle Proteins, Prospective Studies, Body Mass Index, Muscle, Skeletal, Dietary Supplements, Soybean Proteins, Resistance Training, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
