Validity of the 15-item five-facet mindfulness questionnaire among an ethnically diverse sample of university students
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study examines the psychometrics of the 15-item version of the Five-Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ-15). PARTICIPANTS: An ethnically diverse sample of 538 college students participated in this study. METHODS: The factor structure was evaluated through confirmatory factor analyses fitting 64 alternative models with and without method factors. Model fit as well as valid interpretations of the model parameters were considered in selecting the final model. Utilizing the final selected model, the relationship between mindfulness and the mindfulness facets with two related constructs, psychological inflexibility and emotional distress tolerance was examined. RESULTS: The five-facet second-order model with a single-method factor best fitted to the data and provided sound, interpretable estimates. After accounting for the single-method effect, overall mindfulness was positively correlated with emotional distress tolerance and negatively correlated with psychological inflexibility. CONCLUSIONS: The FFMQ-15 was a valid measure of mindfulness among university students when accounting for the method factor.
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After 4 weeks of MD, the current sample reported total and subscale mindfulness scores similar to mean scores of general population samples, except for the acting with awareness subscale.
“After 4 weeks of MD, the current sample reported total and subscale mindfulness scores that were similar to the mean scores of general population samples, except for the acting with awareness subscale (37, 38).”
From Trait mindfulness and personality characteristics in a microdosing ADHD sample: a naturalistic prospective survey study (2023) · cites this paper as [38]
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- Authors
- Kim, H., Li, N., Broyles, A., Musoka, L., & Correa-Fernández, V.
- Affiliations
- University of Houston (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kim, Hanjoe
- Venue
- Journal of American College Health
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2021-03-24
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 450-459
- ISSN
- 0164-4300 (ISSN-L)
- 0744-8481
- 1940-3208
- OpenAlex
- W3136212412
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 2.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of American College Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Cancer Society (MRSG-15-018-01-CPPB)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Keywords
- Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire, mindfulness, psychometric validation, factor structure, methodological factors, second-order model, psychological inflexibility, university students, ethnic diversity
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Students, Universities, Reproducibility of Results, Mindfulness
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