Cited by 209Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesObesity, Physical Activity, DietImmune responses and vaccinations

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Reduced tetanus antibody titers in overweight children

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Eliakim, Alon, Swindt, Christina, Zaldivar, Frank, Casali, Paolo, Cooper, Dan M.·2006·Autoimmunity

DOI 10.1080/08916930600597326PMC PMC4623573

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Abstract

Under-nutrition impairs immune responses, but far less is known about the impact of over-nutrition, such as obesity, on the response to vaccines. We measured the effect of childhood overweight status on inflammatory mediators, circulating immunoglobulins and tetanus antibodies in fifteen overweight children (BMI > 85 age-adjusted percentile) and 15 age-matched normal weight controls. Fitness was measured by a progressive ramp type exercise test. Lean body mass (LBM) and fat mass were determined by DXA. Tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) were used to assess the inflammatory status; and circulating immunoglobulins (IgM, IgA, IgG and IgG subclasses) and specific IgG titer to tetanus were used to assess humoral immunity. Overweight children had higher LBM and percent fat mass, and lower peak VO2 normalized to body weight. IL-6 was significantly higher in the obese children (2.6 +/- 0.3 vs. 1.3 +/- 0.3 pg/ml, in overweight and normal weight children, respectively; p < 0.05). No significant differences were found in TNF-a, IL-1beta and IL-1ra between the groups. No significant differences were found in immunoglobulin levels (IgM, IgA, IgG and IgG subclasses) between the groups. Anti-tetanus IgG antibodies were significantly lower in the overweight children compared to normal weight controls (2.4 +/- 0.6 vs. 4.2 +/- 0.5 IU/ml, in overweight and normal weight children, respectively; p < 0.05). The reduced specific antibody response to tetanus in obese children and adolescent might be due to mechanical factors such as lower relative vaccination dose, or reduced absorption from the injection site due to increased adipose tissue, or related to reduce immune response due to the chronic low grade inflammation expressed by the higher levels of IL-6.

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“This is important because obesity has been shown to dysregulate T-cell generation, function and maintenance, thereby impairing the ability to promote a peripheral T-cell-mediated protective immune response, as seen in the case of influenza virus, impaired wound healing and infection [4,21,22].”
Background
Diabetes, Obesity, COVID-19, Insulin, and Other Antidiabetes Drugs
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Influenza Vaccine is Protective Against Laboratory-confirmed Influenza in Obese Children
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Impact of Obesity and Diabetes in Pregnant Women on Their Immunity and Vaccination
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Authors: Eliakim, A., Swindt, C., Zaldivar, F., Casali, P., & Cooper, D. M.
Affiliations: Tel Aviv University (IL)
University of California, Irvine (US)
ORCID: Casali, Paolo
Venue: Autoimmunity
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2006-01
Volume: 39
Issue: 2
Pages: 137-141
ISSN: 0891-6934 (ISSN-L)
1607-842X
DOI: 10.1080/08916930600597326
PMC: PMC4623573
OpenAlex: W2121911451
Cited by: 209
References: 28
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 2.68
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Autoimmunity (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL080947, HL 080947)
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01AR040908)
National Center for Research Resources (M-01RR00827, M01RR000827)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD23969)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
Keywords: childhood obesity, overweight children, vaccine response, interleukin-6, low-grade inflammation, humoral immunity, immunoglobulins, adipose tissue, lean body mass, exercise capacity, adipokines
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Antibodies, Bacterial, Child, Female, Humans, Immunoglobulins, Male, Obesity, Tetanus Toxoid, Case-Control Studies, Cytokines

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Reduced tetanus antibody titers in overweight children

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