The DOI matches its Crossref record; 74 of the 75 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Creating value for employees: investment in employee development
Abstract
Relying on a social exchange theory we examine the relationships among perceived investment in employees' development (PIED), job satisfaction, organizational commitment and intent to leave. Individual-level analyses from a sample of 405 nurses from two countries indicate that PIED is positively associated with job satisfaction and affective commitment but not with continuance commitment. As expected, job satisfaction and affective commitment fully mediate the relationship between PIED and intent to leave. Overall, this research shows support for partial measurement equivalence and equivalent structural parameters across both samples.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“from a Resource-Based View (RBV) perspective, limited investment by banks in the education and skill building of their employees represents a limitation to strategic human capital, thereby hindering a bank’s ability to develop sustainable organizational value through the conversion of its AI technological investments (Lee and Bruvold 2019).”
From AI-driven financial fraud detection in Pakistan’s banking sector: bridging strategic intent and operational implementation (2026) · cites this paper as Lee and Bruvold 2019
Citations
Cites
The Competitive Advantage of Nations
Clark, T. W., & Porter, M. (1991) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.2307/1251962 · Cited by 17,454
The Competitive Advantage of Nations
Porter, M. E. (1990) · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-11336-1 · Cited by 15,654
Exchange and Power in Social Life.
Bierstedt, R., & Blau, P. M. (1965) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2091154 · Cited by 13,625
The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement
Gouldner, A. W. (1960) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2092623 · Cited by 12,001
Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990) · Journal of Occupational Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x · Cited by 11,917
A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment
Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991) · Human Resource Management Review · doi:10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-z · Cited by 11,049
Adams, J. S. (1965) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60108-2 · Cited by 10,818
Perceived organizational support.
Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500 · Cited by 10,023
HUSELID, M. A. (1995) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/256741 · Cited by 9,342
Vandenberg, R. J., & Lance, C. E. (2000) · Organizational Research Methods · doi:10.1177/109442810031002 · Cited by 7,997
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Ichniowski C. Shaw K. Prennushi G. 1997 The Effects of Human Resource Management Practices on Productivity American Economic Review 87 291 313
- Noe R.A. Ford J.K. 1992 Emerging Issues and New Directions for Training Research Ferris G.R. Rowland K.M. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management Greenwich, CT JAI Press 345 84
- Nunnally J.C. Bernstein I.H. 1994 Psychometric Theory 3rd edn. New York McGraw-Hill
- Useem M. 1993 Company Policies on Education and Training Mirvis P.H. Building The Competitive Workforce: Investing In Human Capital For Corporate Success New York Wiley
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 629
Career Development and Job Satisfaction
(2022) · Nova Science Publishers eBooks · doi:10.52305/opeh4448 · Cited by 7
Rahman, H., Rahman, W., & Khan, M. A. (2016) · Sarhad Journal of Management Sciences · doi:10.31529/sjms.2016.2.2.6 · Cited by 3
Impact of CSR on Employee Engagement: Study Case of Bank Audi in Lebanon
Saleh, N. A., & Baroudi, N. (2022) · Open Journal of Business and Management · doi:10.4236/ojbm.2022.106176 · Cited by 4
Gilbert, G. (2011) · RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library) · doi:10.25439/rmt.27354093 · Cited by 3
Sieber, L. (2010) · UpSpace Institutional Repository (University of Pretoria) · Cited by 3
Mukhaimer, R. (2012) · Spectrum Research Repository (Concordia University) · Cited by 3
Roux, S. (2014) · SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University) · Cited by 3
Factors That Influence Employee Performance at the Fairmont Norfolk Hotel
Soud, S. A. (2014) · Cited by 3
The Impact of Improved Organizational Citizenship on Employee Retention
Gordon, K. (2016) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-1049-9.ch079 · Cited by 3
Eickholt, M. S. (2018) · doi:10.33915/etd.5533 · Cited by 3
Commitment and Employee Development
Mahoney, A. C. (2015) · doi:10.31979/etd.q39n-h7vz · Cited by 3
Motivating Training Transfer and Enhancing Work Outcomes: Does Supervisor’s Training Support Matter?
Lee, A. N. (2025) · Singapore Labour Journal · doi:10.1142/s281103152500004x · Cited by 2
Yılmaz, H. (2016) · Business And Management Studies An International Journal · doi:10.15295/bmij.v4i3.172 · Cited by 2
Path Analysis between Organizational Size and Forms of Organizational Commitment
Oyinlade, A. O., & Christo, Z. J. (2020) · American Journal of Industrial and Business Management · doi:10.4236/ajibm.2020.1010105 · Cited by 2
Demirer, Ö., & Kaya, A. (2020) · Business And Management Studies An International Journal · doi:10.15295/bmij.v8i5.1654 · Cited by 2
Bennett, C., & Law, M. D. (2021) · Journal of Accounting and Finance · doi:10.33423/jaf.v21i3.4392 · Cited by 2
Career Growth: A Review of Literature and Implications for the Civil Service in a Developing Country
Asamaowei, E. F., Amah, E., & Sylva, W. (2023) · IIARD INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS MANAGEMENT · doi:10.56201/ijebm.v9.no1.2023.pg37.47 · Cited by 2
Mutesasira, G., & Marongwe, N. (2024) · Journal of Pedagogical Research · doi:10.33902/jpr.202426100 · Cited by 2
Rutaganda, B., & Narayan, S. S. (2024) · Journal of Research Innovation and Implications in Education · doi:10.59765/vnau9265yf · Cited by 2
Sylvia, N., Bakata, B., Justine, W., & Eric, A. P. M. (2024) · International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews · doi:10.55248/gengpi.5.0324.0624 · Cited by 2
Wangchuk, S., Murari, K., & Das, P. K. (2024) · Vilakshan – XIMB Journal of Management · doi:10.1108/xjm-07-2023-0159 · Cited by 6
Strategic Human Resource Development Alignment
Herd, A. M., & Alagaraja, M. (2016) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-0196-1.ch073 · Cited by 2
BaniMelhem, H., Elanain, H. M. A., & Hussain, M. (2019) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-8356-1.ch060 · Cited by 2
Manzoor, U., Irfan, A., Baig, S. A., Sajjad, I., Ullah, A., & Khalid, N. (2022) · Journal of Public Value and Administrative Insight · doi:10.31580/jpvai.v4i3.2099 · Cited by 2
Ju, L., & Toropainen, M. (2005) · Cited by 2
Further Training for Older Workers: A Solution for an Ageing Labour Force?
Zboralski-Avidan, H. (2015) · Peter Lang D eBooks · doi:10.3726/978-3-653-06178-9 · Cited by 2
Singh, R. N., & Mohanty, R. P. (2011) · International Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management · doi:10.1504/ijicbm.2011.040166 · Cited by 3
Needs Assessment Competencies: Are They Important for Extension Educators?
Ghimire, N., & Martin, R. A. (2011) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · doi:10.22004/ag.econ.143522 · Cited by 2
Kang, D., 진홍잉, 김하연, & 임정철 (2010) · The Korean Journal of Human Resource Development Quarterly · doi:10.18211/kjhrdq.2010.12.3.005 · Cited by 2
Kot-Radojewska, M. (2018) · International Journal of Contemporary Management · doi:10.4467/24498939ijcm.18.007.8386 · Cited by 2
Dobrosavljević, A., Urošević, S., & Владимировна, А. Г. (2019) · Upravlenets · doi:10.29141/2218-5003-2019-10-1-7 · Cited by 2
Newly Constructed Power Plants in Pakistan along-with HR Practices
Liu, D., Awan, F. H., Abrar, U., Saleem, A., Yang, J., & Ali, S. (2020) · International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET) · doi:10.1109/icomet48670.2020.9073921 · Cited by 2
Rehman, S. (2020) · International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES · doi:10.21833/ijaas.2021.01.007 · Cited by 2
People Performance Scales (PPS): A multi‐company, cross‐sectional psychometric assessment
Gottenborg, S., Hoff, T., Rydstedt, L. W., & Øvergård, K. I. (2022) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.12793 · Cited by 2
Operatives Dienstleistungsmarketing
Meffert, H., Bruhn, M., & Hadwich, K. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-05046-7_6 · Cited by 2
Trương, T. T., Dương, T. Q., & Nguyễn, T. T. V. (2022) · Can Tho University Journal of Science · doi:10.22144/ctu.jvn.2022.059 · Cited by 2
Operative Gestaltung des Qualitätsmanagements für Dienstleistungen
Bruhn, M. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-59646-3_8 · Cited by 2
How should companies manage their employees’ emigration intentions? A serial mediation model
Tafolli, F., & Hameli, K. (2024) · Industrial and Commercial Training · doi:10.1108/ict-03-2024-0026 · Cited by 2
Apoyo percibido del supervisor, capacidad política de los ingenieros y resultados
Chas, R. G., & Fontela, E. N. (2012) · Revista Europea de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa · doi:10.1016/j.redee.2012.05.007 · Cited by 2
Mental Maturity and Workplace Motivation for Hospitality and Tourism Practitioners
Tesone, D. V. (2012) · Journal of Tourism Research & Hospitality · doi:10.4172/2324-8807.1000105 · Cited by 2
Theodorou, L., Vrontis, D., & Christofi, M. (2019) · Palgrave studies in cross-disciplinary business research, in association with EuroMed Academy of Business · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-17523-8_4 · Cited by 2
Jalloh, A. A. A., & Ming, P. F. (2020) · International Journal of Management and Humanities · doi:10.35940/ijmh.a1125.095120 · Cited by 2
Developmental HR Practices as Tools to Support Employee Well-Being
Bish, A. J. (2022) · Handbook series in occupational health sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-29010-8_18 · Cited by 2
Nazari, K. (2012) · Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Putra Malaysia) · Cited by 2
Alreshoodi, S. A. (2016) · ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) · Cited by 2
Career calling among active-duty enlisted military Generation Z members : a narrative analysis
WILSON, T. D. H. (2020) · doi:10.17760/d20350248 · Cited by 2
Cruz, F. V. M. S. (2021) · Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola · doi:10.20511/usil.thesis/11298 · Cited by 2
Rahim, A., Ullah Jan, S., Ali, S., Shah, D., & Tahir, M. (2026) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-026-07406-6 · Cited by 1
“…limited investment by banks in the education and skill building of their employees represents a limitation to strategic human capital, thereby hindering a bank ’ s ability to develop sustainable organizational value through the conversion of its AI technological investments (Lee and Bruvold 2019).”
Operational Design of Quality Management for Services
Bruhn, M. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-67032-3_8 · Cited by 1
Trịnh, H. H. H., Tran, L. M., & Thai, H. V. (2023) · Science & Technology Development Journal - Economics - Law and Management · doi:10.32508/stdjelm.v7i1.1135 · Cited by 1
Wahyuni, L. D., Handari, S., & Surwanti, A. (2022) · Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science · doi:10.55324/ijoms.v1i11.220 · Cited by 1
The Contribution of Training to Employee Engagement for Successful ESG Strategy Implementation
Chatzimichailidou, G., Athanasoula‐Reppa, A., Karava, Z., Reppa, G. P., Kanakaris, V., & Serdaris, P. (2024) · Advances in human resources management and organizational development book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-5981-5.ch003 · Cited by 2
Jung, Y., & Takeuchi, N. (2025) · Evidence-based HRM a Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship · doi:10.1108/ebhrm-04-2024-0126 · Cited by 2
Ngoc, P. N., Viet, D. M., & Ngoc, T. N. (2025) · Discover Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s43621-025-01641-8 · Cited by 1
Staying power: factors influencing knowledge worker retention
Joo, B.-K. B., Xu, L., Forrest, J., & Solano, R. A. (2025) · Organization Management Journal · doi:10.1108/omj-09-2023-1959 · Cited by 1
Occupational stress and professional burnout among the Millennial generation: A scoping review
Valdiviezo, K., & Morsa, M. (2026) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.106499 · Cited by 1
Aye, S. Y., Santoso, D. S., & Dodanwala, T. C. (2026) · Journal of Engineering Design and Technology · doi:10.1108/jedt-08-2025-0428 · Cited by 1
van der Merwe, P., & Keyser, E. (2014) · Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n13p93 · Cited by 1
Instructional Methods: Relative Effectiveness and Preference of Indian Trainers
Khatun, R. (2013) · Training & Development Journal · doi:10.5958/j.2231-069x.4.2.015 · Cited by 1
Welcoming a new generation into the workforce: a new interpretation of the psychological contract?
Thesis, M., & Freese, C. (2010) · Cited by 1
Ndegwa, R. M. (2016) · Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management · doi:10.61426/sjbcm.v3i2.230 · Cited by 1
Zaangażowanie pracownika jako efekt działań w obszarze marketingu wewnętrznego
Rudawska, E. D. (2015) · Marketing i Rynek · Cited by 1
Performance Assessment in the International Hotel Sector of Yangon, Myanmar
Walsh, J. C. (2013) · Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies · doi:10.22610/jebs.v5i5.404 · Cited by 1
MUGESANI, P. A. (2017) · Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management · doi:10.61426/sjbcm.v4i1.404 · Cited by 1
Why Empowering Salespeople is a Double Edge Sword
Matthews, L. M. (2015) · DigitalCommons - Kennesaw State University (Kennesaw State University) · Cited by 1
Learning Methods and their Efficiency in Agricultural Organisations in the Czech Republic
Urbancová, H., Fajčíková, A., & Kala, V. (2018) · Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis · doi:10.11118/actaun201866041035 · Cited by 1
Employer Branding: Creating a Sustainable Recruitment Plan in Large Corporates
Daqar, M. A. M. A., Smoudy, A. K. A., & Constantinovits, M. (2019) · Modern Applied Science · doi:10.5539/mas.v13n8p9 · Cited by 1
Generation groups and outplacement programs in Slovak industrial enterprises
Stareček, A., Babeľová, Z. G., & Cagáňová, D. (2019) · Trendy v podnikání · doi:10.24132/jbt.2019.9.1.34_43 · Cited by 1
Introductory Chapter: Job Satisfaction and Career Development
Sreih, J. F. (2020) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.93088 · Cited by 1
Wu, X. (2021) · E3S Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202123501056 · Cited by 1
Operatives Dienstleistungsmarketing
Bruhn, M., Meffert, H., & Hadwich, K. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-17233-6_6 · Cited by 1
Hubungan antara Pengembangan Karir dengan Employee Engagement
Tentama, F., & Ermawati, U. (2022) · Journal Psikogenesis · doi:10.24854/jps.v9i2.1670 · Cited by 1
Taiko, W., & Onguso, A. (2022) · Journal of Human Resource &Leadership · doi:10.53819/81018102t2085 · Cited by 1
Bassey, E. O. (2022) · International Journal of Business and Management Review · doi:10.37745/ijbmr.2013/vol10n2pp116 · Cited by 1
Owen, M. S., Berthelsen, H., Jamieson, S. D., & Westerlund, H. (2022) · Innovation in Aging · doi:10.1093/geroni/igac066 · Cited by 1
Leadership Styles and Training in the Police Service in Sharjah
Amurshedi, S. H. M. S. (2023) · Asian Journal of Research in Business and Management · doi:10.55057/ajrbm.2022.4.4.14 · Cited by 1
Qatamin, L., Juhdi, N., & Fontaine, R. A. (2023) · International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences · doi:10.6007/ijarbss/v13-i4/16717 · Cited by 1
Han, X., Ali, S., Zhang, X., Liu, X., & Wang, S. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-05253-1 · Cited by 1
The relationship of university student’s proactive behaviour with demands, resources and outcomes
Toit, C. D., & Mostert, K. (2023) · SA Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.4102/sajhrm.v21i0.2296 · Cited by 1
Trang, T. T. V., & Khương, M. N. (2023) · Zbornik radova Ekonomskog fakulteta u Rijeci · doi:10.18045/zbefri.2023.2.449 · Cited by 1
Is it worthwhile to be responsible? The impact of company’s internal CSR on employees’ satisfaction
(2023) · Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology Organization and Management Series · doi:10.29119/1641-3466.2023.187.22 · Cited by 1
Training Investment and Screening on Employee Attributes: A Complementarity View
Baruah, R., Grabner, I., & Moers, F. (2025) · Journal of Management Accounting Research · doi:10.2308/jmar-2023-028 · Cited by 1
人材開発施策が従業員の職務態度に与える影響過程 : 個人-環境適合の媒介効果とキャリア計画の調整効果
鄭, 有., 竹内, 規., & 竹内, 倫. (2011) · Nihon Keiei Gakkaishi · doi:10.24472/keieijournal.27.0_41 · Cited by 1
Othman, N., Ahmad, Z., & Hamzah, M. I. M. (2010) · Jurnal Pengurusan · Cited by 1
Rahman, H., Saeed, T., Rahman, W., Ali, N., Mohamad, M. H., Yahya, K. K., Daud, Z., Onajite, G. O., Aguado, C. L., Garcia, O. B., et al. (2015) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 1
EFECTOS DO CAPITAL PSICOLÓXICO NOS RESULTADOS INDIVIDUAIS: UN ESTUDO NO COLECTIVO DOS ENXEÑEIROS
Fontela, E. N., & Chas, R. G. (2015) · Revista Galega de Economía · doi:10.15304/rge.24.2.2927 · Cited by 1
Arocas, R. L. (2012) · Advances in human resources management and organizational development book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-61350-207-5.ch003 · Cited by 1
박소희 (2010) · Journal of Vocational Education & Training · doi:10.36907/krivet.2010.13.3.75 · Cited by 1
Senaweera, L. N., Dhammika, K. A. S., & Dayarathna, N. W. K. D. K. (2020) · International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences · doi:10.6007/ijarbss/v10-i5/7233 · Cited by 1
Baskoro, B. D. (2020) · Maker Jurnal Manajemen · doi:10.37403/mjm.v6i2.201 · Cited by 1
Salima, H., Akyea, M. S., & Najimu, A. (2020) · The International Journal of Business & Management · doi:10.24940/theijbm/2020/v8/i12/bm2010-051 · Cited by 1
DEFINITIONS AND MEASURES OF WORKPLACE LEARNING AND JOB SATISFACTION IN THE CONTEXT OF INDUSTRY 4.0
Soldo, S. (2021) · DIEM · doi:10.17818/diem/2021/1.20 · Cited by 1
Koleša, I. (2021) · Contributions to management science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-87395-0_10 · Cited by 1
Understanding management accountants’ satisfaction: A conceptual study
Shil, N. C., Hoque, M., & Akter, M. (2021) · Journal of Accounting and Management Information Systems · doi:10.24818/jamis.2021.02003 · Cited by 1
Operative Gestaltung des Qualitätsmanagements für Dienstleistungen
Bruhn, M. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-62120-2_8 · Cited by 1
Personeelsontwikkeling, werktevredenheid en personeelsverloop
Koster, F., Fouarge, D. J. A. G., & de Grip, A. (2009) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · Cited by 1
Joe, K. C. (2016) · FIU - Digital Commons (Florida International University) · doi:10.25148/etd.fidc000714 · Cited by 1
Safety education: culture, leadership and learning in the workplace: a critical discourse analysis
McGrath, M. (2018) · UVic’s Research and Learning Repository (University of Victoria) · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Lee, C. H., & Bruvold, N. T.
- Affiliations
- Nanyang Technological University (SG)
- University of Cincinnati (US)
- Venue
- The International Journal of Human Resource Management
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2003-09
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 981-1000
- ISSN
- 0958-5192 (ISSN-L)
- 1466-4399
- OpenAlex
- W2145248477
- Cited by
- 632
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 6.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The International Journal of Human Resource Management (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Employee Performance and Management
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Human Resource Development and Performance Evaluation
- Keywords
- employee development, job satisfaction, affective commitment, continuance commitment, turnover intention, social exchange theory, nurses, cross-cultural equivalence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review