The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effects of the ketogenic diet on performance and body composition in athletes and trained adults: a systematic review and Bayesian multivariate multilevel meta-analysis and meta-regression
Abstract
This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to determine the effects of the ketogenic diet (KD) against carbohydrate (CHO)-rich diets on physical performance and body composition in trained individuals. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and The Cochrane Library were searched. Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials in athletes/trained adults were included. Meta-analytic models were carried out using Bayesian multilevel models. Eighteen studies were included providing estimates on cyclic exercise modes and strength one-maximum repetition (1-RM) performances and for total, fat, and free-fat masses. There were more favorable effects for CHO-rich than KD on time-trial performance (mode [95% credible interval]; -3.3% [-8.5%, 1.7%]), 1-RM (-5.7% [-14.9%, 2.6%]), and free-fat mass (-0.8 [-3.4, 1.9] kg); effects were more favorable to KD on total (-2.4 [-6.2, 1.8] kg) and fat mass losses (-2.4 [-5.4, 0.2] kg). Likely modifying effects on cyclic performance were the subject's sex and VO 2 max, intervention and performance durations, and mode of exercise. The intervention duration and subjects' sex were likely to modify effects on total body mass. KD can be a useful strategy for total and fat body losses, but a small negative effect on free-fat mass was observed. KD was not suitable for enhancing strength 1-RM or high-intensity cyclic performances.
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“The authors attributed the weight/fat loss advantages to the greater satiating effect of the higher protein content of KDs.”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: diets for body weight reduction (2026) · cites this paper as [164]
In the citing paper
“A subsequent 18-RCT meta-analysis by Koerich et al. [164] found that in athletes and trained subjects, KD resulted in statistically significant reductions in body weight (2.4 kg) and fat mass (2.4 kg) losses, but also greater lean mass losses (0.8 kg) compared to control diets in trials ranging from 4 days to 12 weeks.”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: diets for body weight reduction (2026) · cites this paper as [164]
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BackgroundDiet, muscle glycogen and physical performance.
Bergström, J., Hermansen, L., Hultman, E., & Saltin, B. (1967) · Acta Physiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1967.tb03720.x · Cited by 1,740 · cited 2×
“Another condition that impacts body water content and, therefore, BM loss, is the CHO restriction, especially KD-follow, which is glycogen stores loss (Bergström et al. 1967; Phinney et al. 1983).”
BackgroundSkeletal muscle energy metabolism during exercise
Hargreaves, M., & Spriet, L. L. (2020) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-020-0251-4 · Cited by 1,408 · cited 1×
“Also, it has been shown that women oxidize more fat than men at the same relative exercise intensity, and women have more muscle type I fibers and lower maximal capacity of glycolytic enzymes (Hargreaves and Spriet 2020).”
BackgroundThomas, D. T., Erdman, K. A., & Burke, L. M. (2016) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2015.12.006 · Cited by 1,359 · cited 2×
“However, there are differences between the nutritional approach and the type of fuel predominantly used in anaerobic or aerobic metabolism for resistance or endurance training (Thomas, Erdman, and Burke 2016).”
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“…KD has been proposed as a nutritional approach that consists of the predominance of energy intake from fat (70%–85% calories) (Westman et al. 2007; Kerksick et al. 2018; Burke et al. 2019), adequate amount of protein (15%– 25% calories) (Paoli, Bianco, and Grimaldi 2015; Aragon et al. 2017;…”
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Cited by
Volek, J. S., Kackley, M. L., & Buga, A. (2024) · Current Nutrition Reports · doi:10.1007/s13668-024-00548-6 · Cited by 48
International society of sports nutrition position stand: ketogenic diets
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International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: diets for body weight reduction
Aragon, A. A., Campbell, B. I., Schoenfeld, B. J., Stout, J. R., Kalman, D., Arciero, P. J., Arent, S. M., Kreider, R. B., Taylor, L. W., Bannock, L., et al. (2026) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1080/15502783.2026.2740266
Metadata
- Authors
- Koerich, A. C. C., Borszcz, F. K., Thives Mello, A., de Lucas, R. D., & Hansen, F.
- Affiliations
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Physical Effort Laboratory, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Pantanal, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Venue
- Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2022-06-27
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 32
- Pages
- 11399-11424
- ISSN
- 1040-8398
- 1549-7852
- Cited by
- 15
- References
- 37
- Language
- en
- Funders
- Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (Finance Code001)
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